applications development on air pollution monitoring within esa programmes claus zehner –...
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Applications Development on Air Pollution Monitoring within ESA
Programmes
Claus Zehner – Exploitation and Services Division (ESRIN)
Programmatic Part: GMES and the ESA Data User Element
GMES: The PROMOTE project
DUE: The TEMIS project
Overview of Presentation
GMES - AtmosphereGlobal Monitoring for Environment and Security• joint EU-ESA initiative (http://www.esa.int/esaLP/LPgmes.html)• European contribution to GEOSS
• Phase 1 – consolidation/development• EC/FP6 research and development: Integrated Project GEMS • ESA/GSE (GMES Service Element) demonstration service:
PROMOTE
• Phase 2 – implementation• EC/FP7 pilot services (3 fast track + 2 other)• aiming at fusion of EC and ESA services „GAS“• dedicated satellites: Sentinel 4+5 (LEO+GEO)
Data User Element (DUE) - AtmosphereESA Programme to develop Services for End-users
• optional ESA Programme that was initially only supported by 3 ESA member states (Belgium, Switzerland, and The Netherlands) and started about 10 years ago
• Italy joined next and now DUE is part of the EO-Envelope Programme (all members states participating)
• more detailed information: http://dup.esrin.esa.int• 1 project dealing with Air Quality Monitoring: Tropospheric
Emission Service (precursor service for GSE on atmosphere)
Missions Used
PROMOTEProtocol Monitoring for the GMES Service
Element on Atmosphere
www.gse-promote.org
PROMOTE Stage 1: Consolidation 20 months (2004 – 2006) 1 of 13 GSE (ESA GMES Service Element) projects dealing with the
atmosphere
PROMOTE Stage 2: Scaling-up 36 months (KO: July 2006 – end 2009) Project musts:
• Demonstrate progress towards long-term sustainability for the set of services
• Deliver services and benefits to users on progressively larger scales• Establish a durable, open, distributed GMES Service Provision Network• Establish common standards and working practices for GMES Services
3 annual phases with reviews by Users and by ESA Year 2 kicked-off September 2007
• 7 new partners, 7 new services, 10 new users
All GSE services have formal annual evaluations ESA funding from year-to-year dependent upon user satisfaction
All services provided in GSE projects must have formally named user organisations as recipient Formal mechanism is a Service Level Agreement (SLA): defines
service delivery Users obligated to provide formal evaluations each year Services open to use by anyone as all data are available via internet
>60 Service Level Agreements (SLAs) Local, regional and national public agencies
Environmental agencies (D, A, IR, UK, F, B, NL, I, CH, FI, E) Meteorological Institutes (D, P) Health organisations (UK, D, I)
International Organizations ECMWF NILU/EMEP WMO (SLA in progress) European Environmental Agency
User Federating Groups Professional Society of German Dermatologists SPARC-CCMVal: Climate Modelling Validation
PROMOTE Portfolio
5 themes selected based on user requirements and maturity of satellite and ground-based observations
Ozone UV Air Quality Support toClimate
Support toAviationControl
Support To Aviation Control Service
Near-real time SCIAMACHY SO2, trajectory analysis
Greenhouse Gases – CO2 Monthly Mean
Total ozone column in NRT based on GOME, SCIAMACHY and OMI
User: ECMWF - improvement of medium range weather forecast
Global total ozone observations in near-real time
Global total ozone forecasts 9-day forecast of total
ozone based on SCIAMACHY
User: WMO - Monitoring of ozone hole
other uses: Weather Services, PROMOTE UV Services
UV Information ServicePersonalized location-based services
Individual sunburn time UV index recommended sun protection factor
via internet or mobile phone … any time, any place in
Europe
Air Quality ServicesProducts
Global and European Air Quality records European-scale Air Quality analyses and forecasts (daily) Local/urban-scale Air Quality forecasts and assessments Desert dust awareness (regional) Pollen (regional European) Satellite-based ground-level PM (regional and European) Regional Air Quality Scenario Tool
User Applications Monitoring of levels and changes in global pollutants Assessments of European and national air quality Minimization of health impacts to European citizens, especially
those with heart or respiratory diseases
Regional AQ Forecasting – Integration of ground-based and satellite measurements
into the same Model (e.g. CHIMERE)
Integrated European Air Quality Ensemble
Your Air Service Greater London
Co-operation with 30 London agencies
and authorities
Examples of Data Usage as provided by the TEMIS DUE project via www.temis.nl
TEMIS project running since 2002 and currently being extended by the end of 2009Main focus on Air Pollution Monitoring Examples of data-usage in China in India are presented here – User Workshop early Oct. 2007 at ESRIN with focus on end-users outside Europe
Traffic Restrictions Associated with the Sino-African Summit: Reductions of NOx Detected
from Space
Yuxuan Wang, Michael B. McElroy, K. Folkert BoersmaSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University
Henk J. Eskes, J. Pepijn Veefkind KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands
Forbidden City Downtown Traffic 6pm
Traffic Restrictions in Beijing during the Sino-African Summit: a natural experiment
Sino-African Summit: Nov 4 – 6, 2006 Purpose of traffic restrictions: to accommodate the meeting;
dress-rehearsal for the 2008 Olympics Games Traffic Restrictions major initiatives
Bans on government vehicles (490,000 vehicles kept in garage) Increased capacity in public transportation Road restrictions call on private drivers
Public News: 30% reduction in on-road vehicles (800,000 out of 3 million)
Day-to-day Variability in OMI NO2
Apparent decrease in NOApparent decrease in NO22 over Beijing during the over Beijing during the SummitSummit Some variations not driven by emission changesSome variations not driven by emission changes Need a chemical transport model to interpret the OMI Need a chemical transport model to interpret the OMI observationsobservations.
Before Summit during Summit after Summit
Oct. 29 Nov. 5 Nov. 7
OMI Observations and Model (GEOS-CHEM) Comparisons
OMI (0.5ox0.5o)
model
Detection of NO2 Emission Hotspots, Trend and Seasonal Variation over Indian Subcontinent Using TEMIS
tropospheric column NO2
Sachin D. Ghude
&
Suvarna Fadnavis, Yogesh K. Tiwari, G. Beig, Suraj Polade
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune 411008 (INDIA)
The regional distributions for NO2 LPS (large Point Source) emissions corresponds to coal and petroleum consumption pattern for India.
Coal contributes 45 % of total NOx emission in India while, transport contributes 32% of NOx emission which mostly consist of small and dispersed sources.
The contribution of biomass burning to NOx production is less over the India which contributes 10-20% during March to May.
Electric power sector is the dominant component of Indian energy sector.
In India, coal is the primary fuel in thermal power plants, and gasoline and diesel are the primary fuels for automobiles.
About 70% of all India coal consumption is for power generation.
These plants generated almost 60% of total generated power for the nation.
Thermal power generation in India grew from 27030 MW in 1985 to 86014 MW in March 2007 out of which 26311 MW in 1985 to 71121 MW in March 2007 is due to coal used thermal power generation.
The present annual growth rate of electric power consumption in India is 4%
Chandrapur, 2340 MW/day Ramagundam, 2600MW/day
Pune
Orba, Singrauli, Rihand (>4000MW/Day)
Kota
Bangalore
Kottagudem (1200MW/Day)Vijayawada (1300 MW/Day)
Raichur (1300 MW/Day)
Talcher (1500)
Vindhyachal (2300 MW/Day)
Korba (3200 MW/Day)
Nagpur, Korhadi (1200 MW/Day)
Bokaro, Chandrapura, Durgapur,Santaldih, Subermarekha, Culcutta
Wanakbori, Ukri, Bhurvaran(2700 MW/day)
Mumbai
Delhi
1
2
3
4
5
1. Mumbai Gujarat Golden Corridor. (Urban centers, transport, Power, Industry)
2. Delhi Region (Urban centers, transport, Power, Industry,Biomass burning, Cement)
3. Northeast and East India Industrial Sector (near coal mine) (Power, Steel, Cement transport, Urban centers, Industry, Biomass burning,)
4. Southern Region (Power, Cement Urban centers)
5. Central India Power Plant region (near coal mine). (Power, Steel, Cement)
1.e1013 molecules/cm2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130100150200250300350400450500550600
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130100150200250300350400450500550600
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130100150200250300350400450500550600
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130100150200250300350400450500550600
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130100150200250300350400450500550600650
NO
2 col
umn
amou
nt (1
013
mol
ecul
es c
m-2
)
Region-3
Region-1 Region-2
Region-4
Months
Region-5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130120140160180200220240260280300320340
India
Region 1: 2.4 %/Year
Region 2: 3 %/Year
Region 3: 1.6 %/Year
Region 4: 1.55 %/Year
Region 5: 1.3 %/Year
All India : 1.4 %/Year
However when October-March months are considered the NO2 show increase of about 3% and 4.7% / year over region 1 and 2 respectively. While over India it is observed 2.1 %/year.
Temporal evolution of tropospheric NO2 column from 1996-2006 period over the major emission region
Conclusion:
The location of emission hot spots correlates well with the location of mega thermal power plants, mega cities, urban and Industrial Region, emphasizing the contribution of emission through thermal power plants, transport sector, and Industrial sector.
This suggests that the changes in NO2 column over the Indian region and majority of selected industrialized regions are consistent and not dominated by year to year variation.
Pronounced seasonal variation in NO2 concentration is observed with minimum during monsoon and maximum during winter.
Good agreement between the NO2 seasonal cycle measurements from satellite and from ground based stations, demonstrates well the ability of SCIAMACHY to detect pollution within the PBL.
Southern Indian region dose not seem to be a large source of emissions as compared to rest of the India.
Conclusions for this Meeting:
First satellite Air Quality data show promising possible usage but different retrieval methods lead to different results (e.g. NO2 trend analysis)
Future co-operation between satellite, in-situ, and emission inventory experts will be essential in order to find out which measurement interpretation is close to the truth and is ‘best’ for applications.
Check www.temis.nl and www.gse-promote.org to get an overview about ESA activities on AQ monitoring.