applied and basic intro of small intestine
TRANSCRIPT
SMALL INTESTINE&
APPLIED ANATOMY
NIKITA KAJLAROLL NUMBER 49
CONTENTSIntroduct ionDuodenumJe junumI leumFunct ions Of Intest ineIntest ina l DisordersPept ic U lcersCel iac DiseaseCrohn’s DiseaseDivert icu lar is isMesentr ic Ischemia
SMALL INTESTINEOne of the most important organs for immune defense
Largest endocrine organ of the body
Starts from the pylorus and ends at the caecum
3 parts
Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
DUODENUMFirst section of the small intestine in most higher
vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.
Protects the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest path of small intestine
Most digestion takes place here
25-38cm long connecting the stomach to the jejunum
Divided into 4 parts
Compound tubular or submucosal glandsMain function to produce a mucus rich alkaline secretionDistinguishing feature
JEJUNUMSecond part of the small intestine
Interior surface covered in finger like projections of mucosa, called villi.
Ph- usually between 7 and 9
Large circular folds present in its submucosa called plicae circulares
Main function:- specialized for absorption by enterocytes.
Also involved in Magnesium absorption
IleumFinal and longest section of the small
intestine
Responsible for the final stages of protein and carbohydrate digestion
Usually 2-4m long
Ileum has abundant Peyer’s patches.
Main function is to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and products not absorbed in
jejunum
Have relatively abundant goblet cells
FUNCTIONS OF SMALL INTESTINEDIGESTIONThe small intestine is where most chemical digestion takes place. Many of the digestive enzymes that act in the small intestine are secreted by the pancreas and liver and enter the small intestine via the pancreatic duct.
ABSORBPTIONDigested food is now able to pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine through either diffusion or active transport. The small intestine is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed.IMMUNOLOGICAL
The small intestine supports the body's immune system. The presence of probiotic gut flora appear to contribute positively to the host's immune system. Peyer's patches, located within the ileum of the small intestine, are an important part of the digestive tract's local immune system.
SMALL INTESTINE DISORDERS
BleedingCeliac diseaseCrohn's diseaseInfectionsIntestinal cancerIntestinal obstructionUlcers, such as peptic ulcer
PEPTIC ULCERS
PEPTIC ULCERSPeptic ulcer
disease (PUD), also known as a peptic ulcer or stomach
ulcer, is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small
intestine, or occasionally the lower esophagus
An ulcer in the first part
of the intestines is
known as a duodenal
ulcer.
CAUSESH.pylori
NSAIDS
Stress
CELIAC DISEASE
Also known as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy
-- is a digestive and autoimmune
disorder that results in damage to the lining of the small intestine when foods
with gluten are eaten.
SYMPTOMSDigestive problems (abdominal bloating, pain, gas, diarrhea, pale stools, and weight loss)A severe skin rash called dermatitis herpetiformisIron deficiency anemia (low blood count)Musculoskeletal problems (muscle cramps, joint and bone pain)Growth problems and failure to thrive (in children)SeizuresTingling sensation in the legs (caused by nerve damage and low calcium)Aphthous ulcers (sores in the mouth)Missed menstrual periods
Inflammatory Diseases: Crohn
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.
Diverticular Disease
Diverticulosis is the formation of numerous
tiny pockets, or diverticula, in the
lining of the bowel. Diverticula, which can range from pea-size to
much larger, are formed by increased
pressure on weakened spots of the intestinal walls by gas, waste, or
liquid.
Diverticulectomy
Mesenteric ischemia
Mesenteric ischemia is a medical condition in
which injury of the small intestine occurs due to not
enough blood supply. It can come on suddenly,
known as acute mesenteric ischemia, or
gradually, known as chronic mesenteric
ischemia.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS•HYPER ACTIVE STAGE
•PARALYTIC PHASE
•SHOCK PHASE
BIBLIOGRAPHYBD CHAURASIAGRAY’S ANATOMYCLASS NOTESVISHRAM SINGH CLINICAL ANATOMY
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