applying reciprocal teaching to enhance reading

APPLYING RECIPROCAL TEACHING TO ENHANCE

READING COMPREHENSION OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE

STUDENTS OF MA NAHDLATUL MUSLIMIN UNDAAN KUDUS

IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013

By:

Sukaenah

2009-32-185

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2013

APPLYING RECIPROCAL TEACHING TO ENHANCE

READING COMPREHENSION OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE

STUDENTS OF MA NAHDLATUL MUSLIMIN UNDAAN KUDUS

IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013

SKRIPSI

Presented to the University of Muria Kudus in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program

in the Department of English Education

By:

Sukaenah

2009-32-185

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2013

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

“Everything without acting means nothing”

“One who desires about world must has knowledge, one who desires about

eternity must has knowledge, and one who desires both of them also must has

knowledge”

This skripsi is dedicated to:

1. Allah SWT

2. Muhammad PBUH

3. My beloved parents

4. My beloved Yusron Amroni

5. All of Alayanti members

6. All of lecturers and stakeholders of EED TTEF UMK, and all of my

friends

ADVISORS’ APPROVAL

This is to certify that the Skripsi of Sukaenah (NIM:200932185) has been approved

by the skripsi advisors for further approval by the Examining Committee.

Kudus, September 14th

2013

Advisor I

AAgguunngg DDwwii NNuurrccaahhyyoo,, SSSS,, MM..PPdd

NNIISS.. 00661100770011000000000011118877

Advisor II

Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd

NIS. 0610701000001146

Acknowledged by

The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Dean,

Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd

NIP.19621219 198703 1 001

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL

This is to certify that the Skripsi of Sukaenah (NIM:200932185) has been approved

by the Examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree of English

Education.


2013

Skripsi Examining Committee:

AAgguunngg DDwwii NNuurrccaahhyyoo,, SSSS,, MM..PPdd , Chairperson

NNIISS.. 00661100770011000000000011118877

Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd , Member

NIS. 0610701000001146

Nuraeningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd , Member

NIS. 0610701000001201

Ahdi Riyono, SS, M.Hum , Member

NIS. 0610701000001160

Acknowledged by

The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Dean,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, the researcher would like to praise highly and express her gratitude to

Allah SWT the Almighty, The Most Merciful, The Eternal Hope, who has given her

His mercy, guidance, and accompaniment, and allowed her to accomplish this skripsi.

This skripsi belongs to a classroom action research and is entitled “Applying

Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading Comprehension of The Eleventh Grade

Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus”.

Secondly, the researcher desires to thank all people around her who have been

helping, supporting, and encouraging her to get this skripsi finished well. Moreover,

due to realizing that the researcher would not be able to accomplish this final without

any supports, advice, and encouragement from other people, she would like to thank

them including:

1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty

of Muria Kudus University.

2. Diah Kurniati, M.Pd as the Head of English Education Department Teacher

Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.

3. Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd. as the first advisor who has a great patience in

guiding her to finish this skripsi well.

4. Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd as the second advisor who gives advice and supports her in

finishing thish skripsi.

5. Her parents who are always ready every time to support her.

6. Drs. Tamam as the Head Master of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus who

has permitted her and even helped her in conducting an observation to the school.

7. Muzazin, S.Pd as the English Teacher of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus

who wanted to collaborate with her.

8. Kristina Prasetya, S.Pd, Etik Muznah, S.Pd and all of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin’s

teacher who have been supporting in conducting her skripsi.

9. The eleventh grade students, especially XI IPA of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin

Undaan Kudus in academic year 2012/2013 that helped her, so that the research

goes well.

10. Yusron Amroni and all of the researcher’s friends whom she cannot mention one

by one, who have been helping, supporting, and encouraging the researcher in

many things.

11. All people the researcher knows and are known by, who have greatly influence

her life.

Finally, the researcher would like to admit her imperfections in finishing this

skripsi. There are a lot of things need to be revised, and thus she welcomes any

suggestions, criticisms, and revisions to help make this skripsi better.


2013

The writer

Sukaenah

200932185

ABSTRACT

Sukaenah. 2013. Applying Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance the Reading

Comprehension of the Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul

Muslimin Undaan Kudus in Academic Year 2012/2013. Skripsi. English

Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Muria

Kudus University. Advisors: (1) Agung Dwi Nur Cahyo, SS, M.Pd. (2)

Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.

Key words: Reading Comprehension, spoof text, Reciprocal Teaching, MA Nahdlatul

Muslimin Undaan Kudus.

English is an international language that plays important role in globalization

era. As English has become international language, it is learnt consciously and

unconsciously by people among the world. To face it, teaching English must be

focused on four skills; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. One of that must be

mastered by the students is reading. Unfortunately, the researcher found a problem

related to their reading comprehension on spoof text. It is proven by their scores

lower than the KKM (the minimum score required). There are many factors that

influence this achievement. Motivation, the technique of teaching, and language

problems are some of them. Based on that, the researcher intends to make a skripsi

entitled “Applying Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading Comprehension of the

Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus in Academic

Year 2012/2013”.

The objective of this research is to find out whether Reciprocal Teaching can

effectively enhance reading comprehension of the eleventh grade students of MA

Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus in academic year 2012/2013.

This research uses a Classroom Action Research design which consists of two

cycles. The subject of this skripsi is the whole students of XI IPA which consists of

40 students.

The research findings show that there was a good enhancement of students’

reading comprehension of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus. It is proven by

the students’ average score in cycle 1 (83) and cycle 2 (91.4). Besides that the

observation sheets’ average in cycle 1 (73.7%) and the cycle 2 (85.7% ) also show that

reciprocal teaching has a good impact in making students to be more active in

teaching learning process.

Based on those results, the researcher suggests to the teacher of MA Nahdlatul

Muslimin Undaan Kudus to apply Reciprocal Teaching to help the students more

comprehend the text and make teaching learning process more joyful and interesting.

ABSTRAKSI

Sukaenah. 2013. Penerapan Reciprocal Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman

Membaca Siswa Kelas Sebelas dari MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan

Kudus Tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Skripsi. Skripsi. Program Studi

Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan

Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (1) Agung Dwi Nur Cahyo, SS,

M.Pd. (2) Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.

Key words: Kemampuan pemahaman dalam membaca, teks spoof, Reciprocal

Teaching, MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus.

Bahasa inggris adalah sebuah bahasa internasional yang berperan penting

dalam era globalisasi. Sebagai bahasa internasional, bahasa inggris dipelajari secara

sadar maupun tidak sadar oleh orang-orang diseluruh dunia. Untuk menghadapi hal

tersebut, pengajaran bahasa inggris harus di fokuskan pada empat kemampuan;

mendengarkan, berbicara, membaca, dan menulis. Satu dari kemampuan tersebut

yang harus di pahami oleh siswa yaitu membaca. Sayangnya, peneliti menemukan

sebuah masalah yang terkait dengan kemampuan pemahaman dalam membaca

mereka pada teks spoof. Hal tersebut di buktikan dengan nilai mereka yang lebih

rendah dari KKM (ketuntasan kriteria minimum). Terdapat banyak faktor yang

mempengaruhi hasil nilai tersebut. Motivasi, tekhnik pengajaran, masalah mengenai

bahasa dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti membuat sebuah skripsi

yang berjudul “Penerapan Reciprocal Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan

Pemahaman dalam Membaca Siswa Kelas Sebelas dari MA Nahdlatul Muslimin

Undaan Kudus Tahun pelajaran 2012/2013”.

Tujuan pokok dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan apakah Reciprocal

Teaching dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman dalam membaca secara

efektif dari Siswa Kelas Sebelas dari MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus Tahun

pelajaran 2012/2013.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain PTK yang tediri dari dua siklus. Subyek

dari skripsi ini adalah siswa XII IPA. Subyek dari skripsi ini adalah seluruh siswa

dari XI IPA yang terdiri dari 40 siswa.

Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada peningkatan yang baik dari

pemahaman membaca siswa dari MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus. Hal

tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus 1 (83) dan siklus 2 (91.4).

Disamping itu, rata-rata dari lembar observasi pada siklus 1 (73.7%) dan siklus 2

(85.7% ) juga menunjukan bahwa reciprocal teaching (pengajaran timbal balik)

mempunyai dampak yang bagus dalam membuat siswa menjadi lebih aktiv dalam

KBM.

Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, peneliti menyarankan guru dari MA Nahdlatul

Muslimin untuk menerapkan Reciprocal Teaching untuk membantu siswa lebih

memahami teks and membuat KBM lebih menyenangkan dan menarik.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER ......................................................................................................... i

LOGO ............................................................................................................ ii

TITLE ........................................................................................................... iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION .................................................................... iv

ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ v

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ....................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ vii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ xi

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xvi

LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................... xvii

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xviii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research .................................................................. 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems ..................................................................... 4

1.3 Objective of the Research ...................................................................... 5

1.4 Significance of the Research ................................................................. 6

1.5 Scope of the Research ........................................................................... 7

1.6 Operational Definition .......................................................................... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus ............... 9

2.1.1 The Curriculum of Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin ......... 10

2.1.2 The Purpose of Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin... ........... 11

2.1.3 The Material of Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin... ........... 12

2.1.4 The Technique of Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin .......... 13

2.2 Reading .................................................................................................. 13

2.2.1 Purpose of Reading ................................................................................. 14

2.2.2 Techniques of Reading................................................................ ............ 15

2.2.3 Strategies in Reading .............................................................................. 15

2.2.4 Approaches in Reading ................................................................... ....... 16

2.2.5 Reading Comprehension ......................................................................... 17

2.3 Genre ....................................................................................................... 18

2.4 Spoof Text ............................................................................................... 19

2.4.1 The Function of Spoof Text .................................................................... 19

2.4.2 The Generic Structure of Spoof Text...................................................... 19

2.4.3 Linguistic Features of Spoof Text .......................................................... 20

2.5 Reciprocal Teaching................................................................................ 20

2.5.1 The Concept of Reciprocal Teaching ...................................................... 21

2.5.2 The Procedure for Applying Reciprocal Teaching ................................. 23

2.5.3 The Advantages of Reciprocal Teaching ................................................ 24

2.6 Review of Previous Research.................................................................. 24

2.7 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................... 26

2.8 Action Hypothesis ................................................................................... 27

CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

3.1 Setting and Characteristic of Research Subject ...................................... 28

3.2 Variable of the Research ......................................................................... 28

3.3 Design of the research ............................................................................. 29

3.4 Procedure of the Research ....................................................................... 31

3.5 Data Collection ...................................................................................... 34

3.6 Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 37

CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH

4.1 The Application of Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading

Comprehension of the Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin

Undaan Kudus in Cycle 1 ......................................................................... 41

4.1.1 Planning .................................................................................................... 41

4.1.2 Action ........................................................................................................ 42

4.1.2.1 Pre-activity ............................................................................................. 42

4.1.2.2 Whilst-activity ......................................................................................... 42

4.1.2.2.1 Exploration ........................................................................................... 43

4.1.2.2.2 Elaboration ........................................................................................... 43

4.1.2.2.3 Confirmation ....................................................................................... 44

4.1.2.3 Post-activity ............................................................................................ 45

4.1.3 Observation ............................................................................................ 50

4.1.4 Reflection ................................................................................................ 53



Undaan Kudus in Cycle 2 .......................................................................... 55

4.2.1 Planning .................................................................................................... 55

4.2.2 Action ........................................................................................................ 56

4.2.2.1 Pre-activity ............................................................................................. 56

4.2.2.2 Whilst-activity ......................................................................................... 57

4.2.2.2.1 Exploration ........................................................................................... 57

4.2.2.2.2 Elaboration ........................................................................................... 57

4.2.2.2.3 Confirmation ........................................................................................ 58

4.2.2.3 Post-activity ............................................................................................ 59

4.2.3 Observation ................................................................................................ 64

4.2.4 Reflection .................................................................................................. 67

CHAPTER V DISCUSSION







CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

6.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 75

6.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................. 76

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 78

APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 80

STATEMENT SHEET ................................................................................. 106

CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................... 111

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

4.1 Scoring of Students’ Achievement Test in the First Cycle ......................... 43

4.2 Questionnaire of Cycle 1 ............................................................................. 44

4.3 Observation Sheet of Cycle 1 ...................................................................... 45

4.4 Comparison of Score Gotten in the First Cycle .......................................... 48

4.5 Ratio of Questionnaire in the First Cycle .................................................... 50

4.6 Scoring of Students’ Achievement Test in the Second Cycle..................... 55

4.7 Questionnaire of Cycle 2 ............................................................................. 56

4.8 Observation Sheet of Cycle 2 ...................................................................... 57

4.9 Comparison of Score Gotten in the First Cycle and Second Cycle ............ 60

4.10 Questionnaire of the Second Cycle ............................................................. 62

4.11 The Recapitulation of the Eleventh Grade Students’ Average Scores in

Reading Comprehension Taught by Reciprocal Teaching ........................ 63

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

3.1 Cyclical Action Research model based on Kemmis and McTaggart.............. 30

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

1. List of the Subjects Names........................................................................ 75

2. List of Grouping in the First Cycle ........................................................... 76

3. List of Grouping in Second Cycle............................................................. 77

4. Lesson Plan in the First Cycle .................................................................. 78

5. Lesson Plan in the Second Cycle .............................................................. 88

6. The Observation Sheet in the First Cycle ................................................. 100

7. The Observation Sheet in the Second Cycle ............................................. 102

8. Questionnaire Table in the First Cycle ..................................................... 104

9. Questionnaire Table in the Second Cycle ................................................. 105

applying reciprocal teaching to enhance reading

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