applying reciprocal teaching to enhance reading ...eprints.umk.ac.id/3236/1/halaman_awal.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
APPLYING RECIPROCAL TEACHING TO ENHANCE
READING COMPREHENSION OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE
STUDENTS OF MA NAHDLATUL MUSLIMIN UNDAAN KUDUS
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013
By:
Sukaenah
2009-32-185
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2013
APPLYING RECIPROCAL TEACHING TO ENHANCE
READING COMPREHENSION OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE
STUDENTS OF MA NAHDLATUL MUSLIMIN UNDAAN KUDUS
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program
in the Department of English Education
By:
Sukaenah
2009-32-185
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2013
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“Everything without acting means nothing”
“One who desires about world must has knowledge, one who desires about
eternity must has knowledge, and one who desires both of them also must has
knowledge”
This skripsi is dedicated to:
1. Allah SWT
2. Muhammad PBUH
3. My beloved parents
4. My beloved Yusron Amroni
5. All of Alayanti members
6. All of lecturers and stakeholders of EED TTEF UMK, and all of my
friends
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Sukaenah (NIM:200932185) has been approved
by the skripsi advisors for further approval by the Examining Committee.
Kudus, September 14th
2013
Advisor I
AAgguunngg DDwwii NNuurrccaahhyyoo,, SSSS,, MM..PPdd
NNIISS.. 00661100770011000000000011118877
Advisor II
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001146
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd
NIP.19621219 198703 1 001
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Sukaenah (NIM:200932185) has been approved
by the Examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree of English
Education.
Kudus, September 23th
2013
Skripsi Examining Committee:
AAgguunngg DDwwii NNuurrccaahhyyoo,, SSSS,, MM..PPdd , Chairperson
NNIISS.. 00661100770011000000000011118877
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd , Member
NIS. 0610701000001146
Nuraeningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd , Member
NIS. 0610701000001201
Ahdi Riyono, SS, M.Hum , Member
NIS. 0610701000001160
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, the researcher would like to praise highly and express her gratitude to
Allah SWT the Almighty, The Most Merciful, The Eternal Hope, who has given her
His mercy, guidance, and accompaniment, and allowed her to accomplish this skripsi.
This skripsi belongs to a classroom action research and is entitled “Applying
Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading Comprehension of The Eleventh Grade
Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus”.
Secondly, the researcher desires to thank all people around her who have been
helping, supporting, and encouraging her to get this skripsi finished well. Moreover,
due to realizing that the researcher would not be able to accomplish this final without
any supports, advice, and encouragement from other people, she would like to thank
them including:
1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Muria Kudus University.
2. Diah Kurniati, M.Pd as the Head of English Education Department Teacher
Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
3. Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd. as the first advisor who has a great patience in
guiding her to finish this skripsi well.
4. Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd as the second advisor who gives advice and supports her in
finishing thish skripsi.
5. Her parents who are always ready every time to support her.
6. Drs. Tamam as the Head Master of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus who
has permitted her and even helped her in conducting an observation to the school.
7. Muzazin, S.Pd as the English Teacher of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus
who wanted to collaborate with her.
8. Kristina Prasetya, S.Pd, Etik Muznah, S.Pd and all of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin’s
teacher who have been supporting in conducting her skripsi.
9. The eleventh grade students, especially XI IPA of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin
Undaan Kudus in academic year 2012/2013 that helped her, so that the research
goes well.
10. Yusron Amroni and all of the researcher’s friends whom she cannot mention one
by one, who have been helping, supporting, and encouraging the researcher in
many things.
11. All people the researcher knows and are known by, who have greatly influence
her life.
Finally, the researcher would like to admit her imperfections in finishing this
skripsi. There are a lot of things need to be revised, and thus she welcomes any
suggestions, criticisms, and revisions to help make this skripsi better.
Kudus, September 14th
2013
The writer
Sukaenah
200932185
ABSTRACT
Sukaenah. 2013. Applying Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance the Reading
Comprehension of the Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul
Muslimin Undaan Kudus in Academic Year 2012/2013. Skripsi. English
Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Muria
Kudus University. Advisors: (1) Agung Dwi Nur Cahyo, SS, M.Pd. (2)
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.
Key words: Reading Comprehension, spoof text, Reciprocal Teaching, MA Nahdlatul
Muslimin Undaan Kudus.
English is an international language that plays important role in globalization
era. As English has become international language, it is learnt consciously and
unconsciously by people among the world. To face it, teaching English must be
focused on four skills; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. One of that must be
mastered by the students is reading. Unfortunately, the researcher found a problem
related to their reading comprehension on spoof text. It is proven by their scores
lower than the KKM (the minimum score required). There are many factors that
influence this achievement. Motivation, the technique of teaching, and language
problems are some of them. Based on that, the researcher intends to make a skripsi
entitled “Applying Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading Comprehension of the
Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus in Academic
Year 2012/2013”.
The objective of this research is to find out whether Reciprocal Teaching can
effectively enhance reading comprehension of the eleventh grade students of MA
Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus in academic year 2012/2013.
This research uses a Classroom Action Research design which consists of two
cycles. The subject of this skripsi is the whole students of XI IPA which consists of
40 students.
The research findings show that there was a good enhancement of students’
reading comprehension of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus. It is proven by
the students’ average score in cycle 1 (83) and cycle 2 (91.4). Besides that the
observation sheets’ average in cycle 1 (73.7%) and the cycle 2 (85.7% ) also show that
reciprocal teaching has a good impact in making students to be more active in
teaching learning process.
Based on those results, the researcher suggests to the teacher of MA Nahdlatul
Muslimin Undaan Kudus to apply Reciprocal Teaching to help the students more
comprehend the text and make teaching learning process more joyful and interesting.
ABSTRAKSI
Sukaenah. 2013. Penerapan Reciprocal Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman
Membaca Siswa Kelas Sebelas dari MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan
Kudus Tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Skripsi. Skripsi. Program Studi
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (1) Agung Dwi Nur Cahyo, SS,
M.Pd. (2) Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.
Key words: Kemampuan pemahaman dalam membaca, teks spoof, Reciprocal
Teaching, MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus.
Bahasa inggris adalah sebuah bahasa internasional yang berperan penting
dalam era globalisasi. Sebagai bahasa internasional, bahasa inggris dipelajari secara
sadar maupun tidak sadar oleh orang-orang diseluruh dunia. Untuk menghadapi hal
tersebut, pengajaran bahasa inggris harus di fokuskan pada empat kemampuan;
mendengarkan, berbicara, membaca, dan menulis. Satu dari kemampuan tersebut
yang harus di pahami oleh siswa yaitu membaca. Sayangnya, peneliti menemukan
sebuah masalah yang terkait dengan kemampuan pemahaman dalam membaca
mereka pada teks spoof. Hal tersebut di buktikan dengan nilai mereka yang lebih
rendah dari KKM (ketuntasan kriteria minimum). Terdapat banyak faktor yang
mempengaruhi hasil nilai tersebut. Motivasi, tekhnik pengajaran, masalah mengenai
bahasa dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti membuat sebuah skripsi
yang berjudul “Penerapan Reciprocal Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan
Pemahaman dalam Membaca Siswa Kelas Sebelas dari MA Nahdlatul Muslimin
Undaan Kudus Tahun pelajaran 2012/2013”.
Tujuan pokok dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan apakah Reciprocal
Teaching dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman dalam membaca secara
efektif dari Siswa Kelas Sebelas dari MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus Tahun
pelajaran 2012/2013.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain PTK yang tediri dari dua siklus. Subyek
dari skripsi ini adalah siswa XII IPA. Subyek dari skripsi ini adalah seluruh siswa
dari XI IPA yang terdiri dari 40 siswa.
Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada peningkatan yang baik dari
pemahaman membaca siswa dari MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus. Hal
tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus 1 (83) dan siklus 2 (91.4).
Disamping itu, rata-rata dari lembar observasi pada siklus 1 (73.7%) dan siklus 2
(85.7% ) juga menunjukan bahwa reciprocal teaching (pengajaran timbal balik)
mempunyai dampak yang bagus dalam membuat siswa menjadi lebih aktiv dalam
KBM.
Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, peneliti menyarankan guru dari MA Nahdlatul
Muslimin untuk menerapkan Reciprocal Teaching untuk membantu siswa lebih
memahami teks and membuat KBM lebih menyenangkan dan menarik.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER ......................................................................................................... i
LOGO ............................................................................................................ ii
TITLE ........................................................................................................... iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION .................................................................... iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ....................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ xi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xvi
LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................... xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research .................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ..................................................................... 4
1.3 Objective of the Research ...................................................................... 5
1.4 Significance of the Research ................................................................. 6
1.5 Scope of the Research ........................................................................... 7
1.6 Operational Definition .......................................................................... 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin Undaan Kudus ............... 9
2.1.1 The Curriculum of Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin ......... 10
2.1.2 The Purpose of Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin... ........... 11
2.1.3 The Material of Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin... ........... 12
2.1.4 The Technique of Teaching English in MA Nahdlatul Muslimin .......... 13
2.2 Reading .................................................................................................. 13
2.2.1 Purpose of Reading ................................................................................. 14
2.2.2 Techniques of Reading................................................................ ............ 15
2.2.3 Strategies in Reading .............................................................................. 15
2.2.4 Approaches in Reading ................................................................... ....... 16
2.2.5 Reading Comprehension ......................................................................... 17
2.3 Genre ....................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Spoof Text ............................................................................................... 19
2.4.1 The Function of Spoof Text .................................................................... 19
2.4.2 The Generic Structure of Spoof Text...................................................... 19
2.4.3 Linguistic Features of Spoof Text .......................................................... 20
2.5 Reciprocal Teaching................................................................................ 20
2.5.1 The Concept of Reciprocal Teaching ...................................................... 21
2.5.2 The Procedure for Applying Reciprocal Teaching ................................. 23
2.5.3 The Advantages of Reciprocal Teaching ................................................ 24
2.6 Review of Previous Research.................................................................. 24
2.7 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................... 26
2.8 Action Hypothesis ................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Setting and Characteristic of Research Subject ...................................... 28
3.2 Variable of the Research ......................................................................... 28
3.3 Design of the research ............................................................................. 29
3.4 Procedure of the Research ....................................................................... 31
3.5 Data Collection ...................................................................................... 34
3.6 Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 The Application of Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading
Comprehension of the Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin
Undaan Kudus in Cycle 1 ......................................................................... 41
4.1.1 Planning .................................................................................................... 41
4.1.2 Action ........................................................................................................ 42
4.1.2.1 Pre-activity ............................................................................................. 42
4.1.2.2 Whilst-activity ......................................................................................... 42
4.1.2.2.1 Exploration ........................................................................................... 43
4.1.2.2.2 Elaboration ........................................................................................... 43
4.1.2.2.3 Confirmation ....................................................................................... 44
4.1.2.3 Post-activity ............................................................................................ 45
4.1.3 Observation ............................................................................................ 50
4.1.4 Reflection ................................................................................................ 53
4.2 The Application of Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading
Comprehension of the Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin
Undaan Kudus in Cycle 2 .......................................................................... 55
4.2.1 Planning .................................................................................................... 55
4.2.2 Action ........................................................................................................ 56
4.2.2.1 Pre-activity ............................................................................................. 56
4.2.2.2 Whilst-activity ......................................................................................... 57
4.2.2.2.1 Exploration ........................................................................................... 57
4.2.2.2.2 Elaboration ........................................................................................... 57
4.2.2.2.3 Confirmation ........................................................................................ 58
4.2.2.3 Post-activity ............................................................................................ 59
4.2.3 Observation ................................................................................................ 64
4.2.4 Reflection .................................................................................................. 67
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 The Application of Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading
Comprehension of the Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin
Undaan Kudus in Cycle 1 .......................................................................... 69
5.2 The Application of Reciprocal Teaching to Enhance Reading
Comprehension of the Eleventh Grade Students of MA Nahdlatul Muslimin
Undaan Kudus in Cycle 2 .......................................................................... 72
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 75
6.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................. 76
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 78
APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 80
STATEMENT SHEET ................................................................................. 106
CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................... 111
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
4.1 Scoring of Students’ Achievement Test in the First Cycle ......................... 43
4.2 Questionnaire of Cycle 1 ............................................................................. 44
4.3 Observation Sheet of Cycle 1 ...................................................................... 45
4.4 Comparison of Score Gotten in the First Cycle .......................................... 48
4.5 Ratio of Questionnaire in the First Cycle .................................................... 50
4.6 Scoring of Students’ Achievement Test in the Second Cycle..................... 55
4.7 Questionnaire of Cycle 2 ............................................................................. 56
4.8 Observation Sheet of Cycle 2 ...................................................................... 57
4.9 Comparison of Score Gotten in the First Cycle and Second Cycle ............ 60
4.10 Questionnaire of the Second Cycle ............................................................. 62
4.11 The Recapitulation of the Eleventh Grade Students’ Average Scores in
Reading Comprehension Taught by Reciprocal Teaching ........................ 63
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
3.1 Cyclical Action Research model based on Kemmis and McTaggart.............. 30
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
1. List of the Subjects Names........................................................................ 75
2. List of Grouping in the First Cycle ........................................................... 76
3. List of Grouping in Second Cycle............................................................. 77
4. Lesson Plan in the First Cycle .................................................................. 78
5. Lesson Plan in the Second Cycle .............................................................. 88
6. The Observation Sheet in the First Cycle ................................................. 100
7. The Observation Sheet in the Second Cycle ............................................. 102
8. Questionnaire Table in the First Cycle ..................................................... 104
9. Questionnaire Table in the Second Cycle ................................................. 105