approaches to treatment planning

10
1 Mdl dG id li Models andGuidelines Follow a sequence of guidelines Treatment planning is naturally based on a complete and thorough history and examination examination Medical Dental Social Information gathering Dental examination should include Full charting: dentition, soft tissue, periodontal OPG, BW’s, PA’s as required Photographs if indicated Study models for any complex restorative, prosthetic, TMJ, orthodontic treatments Mounted on semiadjustable articulator Systemic considerations Address the general medical health status of the patient Dentist maybe the first to detect a medical Dentist maybe the first to detect a medical conditionrefer to patient’s doctor – e.g. Suspected diabetic condition based on periodontal signs Suspected hypertensive condition Coordination: treatment of oral disease with medical treatment Examples Being cognisant of drug interactions Dentist performing biopsy – suspected malignancy referred to Maxillofacial surgeon or to physician Phobic patients referred to specialist consultants for assistance in accepting necessary dental treatment

Upload: lea-foster

Post on 10-Jul-2015

163 views

Category:

Health & Medicine


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Approaches to treatment planning

1

M d l   d G id liModels and Guidelines

Follow a sequence of guidelinesTreatment planning is naturally based on a complete and thorough history and examinationexaminationMedicalDental Social

Information gatheringDental examination should include

Full charting: dentition, soft tissue, periodontalOPG, BW’s, PA’s as required, , qPhotographs if indicatedStudy models for any complex restorative, prosthetic, TMJ, orthodontic treatmentsMounted on semi‐adjustable articulator

Systemic considerationsAddress the general medical health status of the patientDentist maybe the first to detect a medical Dentist maybe the first to detect a medical condition‐refer to patient’s doctor – e.g.

Suspected diabetic condition based on periodontal  signsSuspected hypertensive condition

Coordination: treatment of oral disease with medical treatment

ExamplesBeing cognisant of drug interactionsDentist performing biopsy – suspected malignancy referred to Maxillo‐facial surgeon or to physicianPhobic patients referred to specialist consultants for assistance in accepting necessary dental treatment

Page 2: Approaches to treatment planning

2

The Role of Dental Screening in Prevention of Systemic Disease

ExamplesAntibiotic prophylaxis

Heart valve replacementArtificial joints (recently placed)

Pre‐surgical antibiotic and anti‐bacterial regimesDiabeticsImmune compromisedHistory of poor resistance to infection

Early detection of head, neck & oral neoplasias before metastasis can occur

PhasesEmergency/investigativePreparatoryPreparatoryCorrectiveMaintenance

Emergency / Investigative PhasePatient’s chief complaint????????Relief of pain

Antibiotic/analgesiaPalliative treatments – Sed. Dressing (Exo/Endo?)

Definitive immediate treatments Extraction of hopeless painful toothRestoration of a fractured toothAdjust a denture sore‐spot

More involved treatmentsThese should await proper examination, investigation, diagnosisTreatment then follows a designated Treatment then follows a designated sequence that has been developedWorking towards final goal

Established by dentist in consultation with the patient

Preparatory TreatmentHygiene phase

OHIPerio. therapyPerio. therapyCleaningSurgery‐pocket elimination, guided tissue regeneration

Fluoride

Dietary counsellingOral surgery

Page 3: Approaches to treatment planning

3

Continued:

Caries controlGeneral restorativeMore advance fixed pros will await completion of the preparatory phase p p y p

Endodontic therapy‐strategic teethOcclusal modification

Ortho. – single teeth, comprehensive treatmentOcclusal adjustmentTrial restoration of lost vertical dimension

Alleviate symptomsFacilitate later reconstruction

Corrective TreatmentRestoration of form, function, aesthetics

Form & FunctionRestorative treatmentFixed prosthodonticsRemovable partial prosthodonticsRemovable full prosthodonticsCombinations of any or all of the above

AestheticsAesthetic considerations are made during all of the corrective phase treatments abovetreatments aboveAesthetic treatments may stand alone using any of the treatment modalities above

Maintenance Treatment

Treatment aimed at ensuring a continuing healthy environmentBegins as soon as healthy environment is establishedMay begin during the corrective phaseTailored to suit the patient’s needs

Maintenance may include:

Review and modification (tailoring) of patient’s home care routinePeriodic review and reinforcement of thisPeriodic examination  radiographsPeriodic examination, radiographs

Monitor status of restorations, prosthesesDetect incipient diseasePeriodic scaling/cleaningFluoride treatmentModification, adjustment, repair, replacement of restorative and prosthetic hardware

Many ways to skin a cat

Page 4: Approaches to treatment planning

4

Optimal PlanEstablished with patient’s agreementMay be instituted and carried to completion immediatelyimmediatelyMay be phased over time

Treatment considerationsWait for successful outcomes of corrective treatment before proceeding further

Financial considerations

Acceptable Alternative PlanIf the optimal plan is not able to be instituted for whatever reason – cost, time factor, biasOne or more possible alternatives to offer the patient

Example:Lost single anterior tooth

Partial dentureBridgeImplant

Each will have indications and contra‐indications depending on the situation and the patients requirements

Tilly: a Lancashire Mill Worker

2

An example of preparatory  & corrective treatment required

Full denture patientwith oral candidiasis

l f f ll d d b

2

poorly fitting full upper denture opposed by only lower anterior teeth ‐ TBA’s, periodontallycompromised, sharpulcer on tip of tongueflabby upper residual ridge

History

Lives alone estranged from familySocially awkward

2

AnxiousEmbarrassedTaking “nerve pills”Diabetic – Poorly controlled Type Two

Page 5: Approaches to treatment planning

5

Papillary Hyperplasia

Flabby Ridge

Angular chelitis & oral candidiasis –sometimes called denture stomatitis

Preparatory treatment

Determine the nature of the tongue ulcer – refer to oral medicine specialist?S i l  d     d   h  fl bb  

2

Surgical procedure to reduce the flabby tissue – upper ridge – refer to oral surgeonHealing period – soft liningAnti‐fungal treatment for candidiasis

Continued: Other considerationsPatient does not wish to wear a lower full dentureTending towards dementia (arrives once a year seeking new dentures  with a bag full 

2

year seeking new dentures, with a bag full of previous dentures to illustrate her requirements)Eventually confined to nursing homeExperiences pain of unclear origin, clutching face, unable to communicate her need

Remaining lower anteriors 2

Erosion

Attrition-porcelain teeth on upper denture Tooth brush abrasion

Corrective TreatmentConsult with patient regarding an overdenture rather than exo. of all remaining lower teeth

2

gExtraction of all lowers with exception of 33 & 43Root canal treatment, decoronate 33 & 43 in preparation for full lower overdenture

Overdenture 2

Reasonable residual ridge

height and shapeA more retentive, wearable form of full lower denture

Bone preserved

Decoronated Canines

Page 6: Approaches to treatment planning

6

Construct Full / Full OverdentureEstablish the aesthetic requirements of patientDentist: suggests teeth appropriate t   ti t   h i l  i   d  h d  C  to patients physical size and shade C2 (skin tone)Patient:wants small, white teethAfter reasonable consultation with patient, dentist will need to try to meet the patients aesthetic requirements

The Maintenance Phase for TillyOHI with regard to caring for her dentures and her mouthRemoval of dentures at night – aimed at Removal of dentures at night  aimed at prevention of candidiasisOHI with partic. reference to retained 33, 43Regular recall for examination and OH coaching

Follow‐up treatment for TillyPt’s dementia has progressedConfined to nursing homeDentist is called out to visit the nursing Dentist is called out to visit the nursing homeTilly keeps losing her denturesWhat can the dentist offer to the nursing home carers

The Treatment Planning ProcessThe general practitioner’s role is to coordinate

Director of careSequencing  integration  continuity of careSequencing, integration, continuity of careInvolvement of specialist treatments in the overall plan

An effective treatment plan1. Involves the patient early in the process2. Is comprehensive3. Is directed towards goals derived by 

interaction between practitioner & patient

The patient is the Involve the patient as early as possibleWhat is the patient’s perception of their need or wantWhat is their perception of your ability to provide the serviceEarly involvement engenders confidence and trustAcceptance of treatments offered 

Communication ‐Involve the patient Educate the patientPresent the diagnosis or planPresent the diagnosis or planSet a mutually recognized goal for treatment Obtain informed consent to proceed

Page 7: Approaches to treatment planning

7

to proceedThe most sophisticated, comprehensive, complicated plan is useless if this is not what the patient requires.Be prepared for the patient who only attends when something is wrong (broken  hurts)  complains about something is wrong (broken, hurts), complains about expense and treats you as some kind of ogreWelcome and foster the kind of patient that sees the value in comprehensive, excellent, contemporary treatment 

SimpleMore steps in the plan, with each subsequent step dependent on the 

di   t    l d t  preceding step, can lead to complications

Example:E.g. Young patient, anterior tooth fractured below  gingiva, open 

  t  l th   t  d apex, root canal therapy, post and core (no ferrule effect & poor biological width), porcelain crown

Potential for problems/failureAttempt to close apex with CaOH2 may not succeedNeed for MTA therapy to seal open apex –Need for MTA therapy to seal open apex may not succeedNeed to orthodontically extrude tooth or perform crown lengthening procedureLength of remaining root for retention of post/core (crown root ratio)

Key Tooth ConceptCreate a Problem List (4) based on the information gathered

Local, generalC t    T th I t  Create a Tooth Inventory (1)

Grading each tooth+   Stable and favourable(+) Potential – needs some mod. of position or stability0   Sound retainable – will stand on its own(0)  Same as 0 – needs treatment or mod._   Tooth to be eliminated from treatment plan

Key tooth conceptEstablish which are key teeth in overall dental planStability, favourable arch position, distribution ‐

lexamples1. Single tooth missing in otherwise intact arch2. Single remaining molar in a partial denture 

case3. Upper canines and molars – partial denture 

case4. Lower canines – full lower overdenture case 

Page 8: Approaches to treatment planning

8

1. Single tooth damaged in otherwise intact arch

1

Continued:

Temporary crown

Orthodontic extrusion

Final Crown1

2.Single remaining molar in a partial denture case

Stability & Favourable Arch PositionDistribution

Tooth supported more desirable than free-end saddle

3

Favourable distribution?

Better situation with canine here

3

Stability & Retention

Milled Cro ns

Retentive FittingsMilled Crowns

Ball Retainers

Upper canines and molars – partial denture case

Another example of strategic p gteeth for stability and retentionFavourable distribution

Page 9: Approaches to treatment planning

9

Maintain Molars and Canines – Stability, Retention, Favourable Distribution

Attaining stability1. Perio therapy

Fill of osseous defects combined with guided i   itissue regenerationEnhance stability of teeth

2. Clinical crown reductionImproves the crown‐root ratio (decoronationfor overdenture abutment)

3. SplintingCrown units together

1. Bone fill and Guided Tissue Regeneration

Dental Bone Loss - Bone Grafting.flv

3. Splinting – increasing stability

Cast post core unit which will be splinted together with natural tooth Form an abutment unit for lower partial denture with extra‐coronal attachment to retain the denture

The post core unit ‐ paralleled to the tooth preparation ‐ both shaped to provide maximum resistance to the forces placed on the bridge unit by partial denture 

Continued:Splinting of two pre‐molars creates multi‐rooted unit that will withstand forces applied by partial denture or fixed cantilever bridge

1

Creating favourable arch position

OrthodonticsAugmenting natural tooth distribution with implants

Page 10: Approaches to treatment planning

10

Bibliography

1. Strategies in Dental Diagnosis and Treatment Planning ‐ Robert Morris

2. Integrated Dental Treatment Planning – Kay, Shearer, Bridgeman, Humphris

3. Atlas of Removable Partial Denture Design – Stratton/Frank, Wiebelt

4. Treatment Planning in General Dental Practice ‐ Bain

Written and compiled by

Lea Foster