apr01 09 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Displays which can see
Adrian Travis
Microsoft
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Contents
• In praise of projection
• Wedge projection
• Window-like displays
• 3D displays
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Eindhoven University of Technologyhttp://www.ipsi.fraunhofer.de/ambiente/english/projekte/projekte/roomware.html
Visionaries want offices to have wall-sized displays so that staff work naturally in teams
University of North Carolina
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~andrei/artagrafica/technical/of.jpg
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Displays should allow eye-contact interaction
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Ars Electronica Futurelab
http://90.146.8.18/en/archives/center_projekt_ausgabe.asp?iProjectID=11026
Most concepts which are tried out are put into effect using projectors
Ars Electronica Futurelab
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Displays should respond to hand gestures
http://www2.smarttech.com/NR/rdonlyres/3919073A-A684-4C30-8D57-
37BD175816E5/0/INT960AtlantisSecondarySchoolSouthAfricaCaseStudyREV0lowres.pdf
Smart Technologies
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Surface is the first of a new generation of screens which can watch the user
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but Surface is much too fat!
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glass slab
A ray injected into the edge of a glass slab will be guided by total internal reflection off the glass/air interface
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total internal
reflection
ray changes
direction
critical angle
reached
wedgelight guide
The more ray injection angle differs from the critical angle, the more times the ray must bounce before exit.
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distance
The more ray injection angle differs from the critical angle, the more times the ray must bounce before exit.
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Add projector to enable three different types of display
real
virtual
3D
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Contents
• In praise of projection
• Wedge projection
• Window-like displays
• 3D displays
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Point a projector into a wedge, and you get magnification.
projectedimage
normal video projector
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The image must magnify horizontally as well as vertically so
the wedge base is elongated..
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Horizontal magnfication takes place by fan-out in the
elongated region.
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Fold the fan-out region behind the screen
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Fold the fan-out region behind the screen
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Insert a mirror in the rear and tuck the projector into a corner.
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Diffusive
screen
Anti-reflection coating
Turning film
Whole System Will Fit in Simple Thin
Casing
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Images can be projected via a
wedge light-guide
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A wedge panel also works in reverse as a camera
object
camera
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At airports, unescorted bags get X-rayed
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Most bags are left against walls, so use a Wedge panel
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Wedge X-ray video screen for baggage scanning
scanna-msc.com
http://www.scanna-msc.com/scanwedge.htm
Scanna
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Contents
• In praise of projection
• Wedge projection
• Window-like displays
• 3D displays
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2. Slightly emboss one side with a grating
video projector
1. Point a projector into a slab with parallel sides
slab
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3. At each grating reflection, part of the ray diffracts out. The diffracted parts all travel in the same direction
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video projector
…when an eye looks at the display, all the rays seem to come from a point far behind the slab
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4. Inject a ray at a different angle into the slab
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…the diffracted components emerge in a different direction, so seem to come from a different point
video projector
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video projector
The slab behaves like a window on a distant image
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video projector
We widen the eye box with a grating in the orthogonal direction
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These devices are being used in helmet mounted displays
http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/bae_prod_eis_qsight.html
q-sight
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The devices are also being used in aircraft head-up displays
http://www.eis.na.baesystems.com/media_resources/images/q-hud_%20headroom.jpg
http://www.eis.na.baesystems.com/media_resources/images/q-hud_combiner_glass.jpg
q-hud
pilot
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Contents
• In praise of projection
• Wedge projection
• Window-like displays
• 3D displays
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3D needs line rates ~100 times greater than for 2D.
x
yy
q
f
…a challenge beyond TFTs?
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3D needs line rates ~100 times greater than for 2D
x
y
f
q
…too fast for TFT’s ?
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Any display can give 3D if slits are put in front
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Wedge projection
display
Slits convert a good 2D display into a low resolution 3D display
slits
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Wedge projection
display
liquid crystal
shutter
Scan slits across a wedge display to get high resolution 3D
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Such displays are already available in bulk optics
http://www.setred.com/displays
Setred
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We learn that a space is needed between object & lens, and between lens & image but this need not be so.
object
plane
image
planelens
space space
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The basic function of a lens is to collimate rays emanating from a point, or vice versa
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All rays leave a correctly designed wedge at the same angle, so a wedge acts as a collimator.
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Is a wedge a lens? Perhaps, but one of the focal planes is one dimensional
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Microdisplays are silicon chips with liquid crystal on top: potentially, they are very cheap.
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Projectors will become as small and inexpensive as laser diodes allow.
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We can make the projector flat. In effect data gets from chip to screen by optics instead of wires.
• 1 mm thick?
• Primary colours
• Flexible?
• Chip-on-plastic
• Data rates for 3D
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Flat projection is based on a triad of low cost: microdisplays, lasers and sheets of plastic
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This gives us all three types of image
real
virtual
3D