april 18, 2012 by: sheree baker, advanced power components,

© 2012 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved. Rethink Power TM

Rethink Power TM

April 18, 2012

By: Sheree Baker, Advanced Power Components, European Distributor and Rep for Ioxus

Ultracapacitors Improve Reliability and Lower Cost in Wind Turbine Pitch Control


Ioxus Company Information

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2003Ultracapacitor R&D Began

2007Ioxus Incorporated

2009Production Began

2011Blue Chip Funding Event

2012Acquired Power Systems Ltd.


Energy Storage Cousins

3

Electrolyte

Capacitor Ultracapacitor BatteryDielectric

A

dd

A

2

0

2

1CVW

d

AC

V

QC

• Rearrangement of ions – FAST• No chemical reactions – HIGH CYCLE LIFE

POWER DELIVERY DEVICE

Electroactive materials

• Faradaic – HIGH ENERGY

ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE


Ultracapacitors In Wind Turbines

4Image source: http://www.myyellowcoat.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/windmill-interior2.jpg

1. Blade pitch control2. Pitch control emergency back-up3. Pitch drive system4. Wireless data transmission5. Beacon lighting6. UPS7. Grid stabilization

48V/165F iMOD™16V/58F iMOD™80V/12F iMOD™ 16V/500F iMOD™350F

820F Hybrid100F

3000F iCAP™


Pitch Control

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• Pitch control of each blade ensures optimum positioning for efficient utilization of wind speed for performance and safety

• The pitch control is accomplished either mechanically or

electrically – hydraulic/battery/ultracapacitor

• Maintenance advantages for ultracapacitor

• Temp and cycle life advantages

• Over 16,000 turbine installations, ultracapacitors have proven maintenance free operation – reliability

• 60% of newly installed turbine systems use electrical pitch controlled systems


Pitch Control - Maintenance

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Category Batteries Ultracapacitors

Maintenance Period 12-18 months None

Replacement Period 2-4 years > 10 years

Cycling Capability 10-50k > 1 Million

The cost of maintenance, in particular in remote areas where turbines are often located, as well as the frequent replacement schedule of the batteries, leads to a lower total cost of ownership and a higher reliability using ultracapacitors


Temperature Performance: Ultracapacitors

-50 -30 -10 10 30 50 700.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

Temperature Characteristic for Ioxus ultracapacitors

Capacitance

DC-ESR

Temperature [oC]

Rela

tive

perf

orm

ance

Ultracapacitors perform better than batteries at low temperatures, with full charge acceptance possible down to -40°C

o Ultracap operating temperature:– 40°C to + 70°C

o Ultracap storage temperature:-40°C to + 70°C

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Pitch Control – Safety; the unseen cost

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• Ultracapacitors can be discharged to Zero (0) Volts, whereas batteries must always maintain a voltage – this can lead to accidents

• Voltage indicators on Ioxus modules let the technician know when it is safe to work on the energy storage – avoiding accidental electrocutions


Ultracapacitor Recyclability

• Ultracapacitors are very recyclable > 95%– Recycling cost: ~ $0.35/lb + shipping– One of the lowest costs to recycle of any energy storage

device!– A 16V, 58F Module would only cost $0.58 to recycle

• Lead Acid batteries are ~70% recyclable (~$0.15/lb)

• Lithium Ion batteries are not recycled in volume at this time 1

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1 http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2011/05/why_advanced_lithium_ion_batteries_wont_be_recycled.html


Ultracapacitor Cost Curve

Ultracap price($/kWh, $/kW)

Ultracapacitor Production Volume

Cost curve

Development Road Map• Increased Power• Increased Energy• While costs come down!

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• Over the past decade, ultracapacitor prices have fallen 90%• During the same 10 years, batteries have come down approximately

30%


Advantage Ioxus

• High Power/Energy Density Cells

• Wide product range:– 100F to 3,000F for ultracapacitors– 220F to 1000F for hybrid capacitors

• Module / System expertise and development

• Vertically integrated manufacturing

• Future Gen Technology to Widen Performance Gap

• Power Systems acquisition expands product range/experience

• Global CleanTech 100 Award

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Contact Information

Ioxus, Inc.18 Stadium Circle

Oneonta, NY 13820www.ioxus.com1-877-751-4222

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april 18, 2012 by: sheree baker, advanced power components,

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