APUSH: Unit 1, Lecture 1 APUSH: Unit 1, Lecture 1 (covers Chapter 1)(covers Chapter 1)

Mrs. KrayMrs. KraySome slides taken from Susan Pojer at Some slides taken from Susan Pojer at historyteacher.nethistoryteacher.net

                                          

• Land Bridge – Land Bridge – 40,000 yrs ago40,000 yrs ago

• Debate over Debate over Native American Native American PopulationPopulation– By 1490s: By 1490s:

50 to 75 mil.50 to 75 mil.– N. America: N. America:

1 to 10 mil.1 to 10 mil.

• Where the great Where the great majority of Native majority of Native Americans livedAmericans lived

• Developed highly Developed highly organized societiesorganized societies– Yucatan – MayansYucatan – Mayans– Central Mexico – Central Mexico –

AztecsAztecs– Peru – Peru – IncasIncas

• Most CommonMost Common

• Settlements semi-Settlements semi-permanentpermanent

• Pop: seldom above Pop: seldom above 300300

• Examples: Examples: SiouxSioux and and PawneePawnee

• Southwest (NM)Southwest (NM)– PueblosPueblos

• MI & OH River MI & OH River ValleysValleys – mound-building mound-building

culturescultures– Adena, Hopewell, Adena, Hopewell,

MississippiansMississippians

• Northeast (NY)Northeast (NY)– League of the League of the

IroquoisIroquois

• Renaissance PeriodRenaissance Period– time of great artistic and time of great artistic and

scientific activityscientific activity

• Use of gunpowder spreadsUse of gunpowder spreads• Improvements in Improvements in

shipbuilding and shipbuilding and mapmakingmapmaking

• Printing press to spread Printing press to spread knowledgeknowledge

Prince Henry Prince Henry the Navigatorthe Navigator

Astrolobe Astrolobe

CaravelCaravel

• Spain united under Spain united under Catholic rulersCatholic rulers– 1492 1492 Muslims expelled Muslims expelled

• Protestant Protestant Reformation/Catholic Reformation/Catholic Counter-ReformationCounter-Reformation– Religious wars swept EuropeReligious wars swept Europe

• Catholics & Protestants Catholics & Protestants want to spread their want to spread their faith to non-Christians faith to non-Christians abroad.abroad.

• Fierce Fierce competition for competition for trade with Africa, trade with Africa, India, and ChinaIndia, and China

• Land route to Asia Land route to Asia blocked by blocked by Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks

• Looking for new Looking for new routes to Asiaroutes to Asia

• Monarchs were gaining powerMonarchs were gaining power

• Depended on trade to bring in needed Depended on trade to bring in needed revenues and the Church to justify their right to revenues and the Church to justify their right to rulerule

• Oct. 12, 1492 lands in Oct. 12, 1492 lands in BahamasBahamas

• Made three tripsMade three trips• His legacyHis legacy

– Treatment of Native Treatment of Native AmericansAmericans

– Permanent interaction Permanent interaction w/Europeans & Native w/Europeans & Native AmericasAmericas

– Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

BalboaBalboaCortezCortez

PizarroPizarro

• Conquistadors sent shiploads Conquistadors sent shiploads of gold and silver back to of gold and silver back to SpainSpain – increased the gold supply 500%increased the gold supply 500%– Spain richest and most powerful Spain richest and most powerful

nation in Europenation in Europe

• Used the Used the encomiendaencomienda systemsystem– King gave grants of land & Indians King gave grants of land & Indians

to individual Spaniardsto individual Spaniards– Disease decimated native Disease decimated native

population replaced with African population replaced with African slaves (slaves (asientoasiento system) system)

• Earliest claimEarliest claim• Explored Explored

NewfoundlandNewfoundland

• 1570s-1580s – 1570s-1580s – sea sea dogs dogs harassed harassed Spanish shippingSpanish shipping

• 1588 – English 1588 – English defeat defeat Spanish Spanish ArmadaArmada– British gained naval British gained naval

superioritysuperiority

• 11stst English settlement English settlement in America in America

• ““Croatoan”Croatoan”

• 1534-1542: 1534-1542: CartierCartier explored St. explored St. LawrenceLawrence

• 1608: 1608: Champlain Champlain est. Quebecest. Quebec

• 1682: 1682: de la Salle de la Salle explored Louisianaexplored Louisiana

• 1609: Explored “Hudson” 1609: Explored “Hudson” River & est. claims to River & est. claims to surrounding areasurrounding area

• New Amsterdam New Amsterdam (modern-day NY)(modern-day NY)

• Dutch West India Dutch West India Company Company – Joint-stock companyJoint-stock company– Given control of the regionGiven control of the region

• Chartered by King Chartered by King James I James I

• Joint stock companyJoint stock company

Early problems: Indian attacks, famine, Early problems: Indian attacks, famine, disease – own mistakes.disease – own mistakes.

16181618 — Virginia produces — Virginia produces 20,000 20,000 poundspounds of tobacco. of tobacco.

16221622 — Despite losing nearly one- — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces attack, Virginia produces 60,000 60,000 poundspounds of tobacco. of tobacco.

16271627 — Virginia produces — Virginia produces 500,000 500,000 poundspounds of tobacco. of tobacco.

16291629 — Virginia produces — Virginia produces 1,500,000 1,500,000 poundspounds of tobacco. of tobacco.

• Virginia Company Virginia Company went bankruptwent bankrupt

• 1624 – King 1624 – King James I revoked James I revoked their chartertheir charter

• 11stst royal colony royal colony

• Pilgrims were Pilgrims were Puritan Puritan SeparatistsSeparatists

• First migrated First migrated to Hollandto Holland

• Then to the Then to the New WorldNew World

• 1620: 100 1620: 100 passengers take 65 passengers take 65 day voyageday voyage

• Plymouth RockPlymouth Rock

• Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact• Fewer than ½ the Fewer than ½ the

passengers were passengers were SeparatistsSeparatists

• Decision would be Decision would be made by majority made by majority decisiondecision

• 11stst winter winter 50% die 50% die– ThanksgivingThanksgiving

• Strong leaders help the Strong leaders help the colony survivecolony survive– Miles StandishMiles Standish– Gov. William BradfordGov. William Bradford

• Fish, furs, and lumber Fish, furs, and lumber become mainstaysbecome mainstays

Pilgrims?Pilgrims?vs. vs.

Puritans?Puritans?

• Far more important and Far more important and influential to American history influential to American history than Pilgrimsthan Pilgrims

• 1629: Massachusetts Bay 1629: Massachusetts Bay Company gains royal charter for a Company gains royal charter for a new colonynew colony– Great Migration Great Migration adds another adds another

15,00015,000

• 1630: 1630: John Winthrop John Winthrop leads and leads and founds Boston.founds Boston.– ““City Upon the Hill” City Upon the Hill”

SpeechSpeech

• Majority Rule in PlymouthMajority Rule in Plymouth• Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

• Early form of self-governmentEarly form of self-government• Early form of written constitution, Early form of written constitution,

est. powers and duties of the gov’t est. powers and duties of the gov’t

• Representative gov’t in JamestownRepresentative gov’t in Jamestown• To encourage settlement Virginia Company To encourage settlement Virginia Company

guaranteed colonists same rights as Englishmen guaranteed colonists same rights as Englishmen • Virginia House of BurgessesVirginia House of Burgesses

• Representative gov’t in MassachusettsRepresentative gov’t in Massachusetts• All male members of the Puritan Church had the All male members of the Puritan Church had the

right to participate in yearly electionsright to participate in yearly elections

• Pledge by Pilgrims Pledge by Pilgrims to make decisions to make decisions by the will of the by the will of the majoritymajority

• Early form of Early form of colonial self-colonial self-governmentgovernment

• Early form of Early form of written constitutionwritten constitution

• Only male property owners could vote Only male property owners could vote for representativesfor representatives– No women votersNo women voters– No landless voters No landless voters will cause problems will cause problems

for free indentured servants laterfor free indentured servants later

• Many colonial governors ruled with Many colonial governors ruled with autocratic or unlimited powers and autocratic or unlimited powers and answered only to the king.answered only to the king.

• Approach was to Approach was to conquer, rule, & conquer, rule, & intermarryintermarry– EncomiendaEncomienda

SystemSystem– A rigid class-A rigid class-

system developssystem develops

• No intermarriageNo intermarriage

• At first relations At first relations are decentare decent

• Occupied the land and forced Occupied the land and forced tribes they encountered to move tribes they encountered to move awayaway

• 1608-1613: 11608-1613: 1stst Anglo-Powhatan War Anglo-Powhatan War – Conflict ended with Conflict ended with PocahontasPocahontas’ marriage to ’ marriage to

John RolfeJohn Rolfe

• 1622: Indian Massacre1622: Indian Massacre– 22ndnd Anglo-Powhatan War Anglo-Powhatan War–

• 1644: Indian attack1644: Indian attack– Powhatan tribe again tried to Powhatan tribe again tried to

expel Englishexpel English– 33rdrd Anglo-Powhatan War Anglo-Powhatan War

• Pequot village Pequot village destroyeddestroyed

• Broke the back Broke the back of the Pequotsof the Pequots

• Hunted down Hunted down and killed by and killed by Puritans of Puritans of Mass. Bay Mass. Bay ColonyColony

• Maintained relatively Maintained relatively good relations with good relations with tribes of the St. tribes of the St. Lawrence & Great Lawrence & Great Lakes region Lakes region

• Had few colonists, farms, or towns, Had few colonists, farms, or towns, mostly fur tradersmostly fur traders

• Posed little threat to native pop. Posed little threat to native pop.

• Analyze the differences between the Jamestown and Plymouth colonies.

• Compare and contrast English, Spanish, and French colonization policies.