AQIP 101AQIP 101 Stuart E. Frew MS, RT (R)Stuart E. Frew MS, RT (R)

- Who

- When

- What

- Where -Why

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Lets start at the top of the pyramid

•The Higher Learning Commission (HLC) is an independent corporation and one of two commission members of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA), which is one of six regional institutional accreditors in the United States. The Higher Learning Commission accredits degree-granting post-secondary educational institutions in the North Central region.

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The Higher Learning Commission (HLC)

•Colleges and universities are affiliated with the Commission in one of two ways: by gaining and maintaining accredited status or by gaining candidate status. Currently, more than 1,000 institutions are affiliated with the Commission.

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The Higher Learning Commission (HLC)

• Maintaining accredited status

• The Commission provides two programs for maintaining accredited status: the Program to Evaluate and Advance Quality (PEAQ) and the Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP). The Commission is developing a new model called Pathways.

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Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP)

• The Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP) provides an alternative evaluation process for institutions already accredited by the Commission. AQIP is structured around quality improvement principles and processes and involves a structured set of goal-setting, networking, and accountability activities.

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Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP)

• Launched in July 1999 with a generous grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts, the Commission's Academic Quality Improvement Program infuses the principles and benefits of continuous improvement into the culture of colleges and universities by providing an alternative process through which an already-accredited institution can maintain its accreditation.

• An institution in AQIP demonstrates how it meets accreditation standards and expectations through a sequence of events that align with the ongoing activities of an institution striving to improve its performance.

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Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP)

• The Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP) provides an alternative evaluation process for organizations already accredited by the Commission. AQIP is structured around quality improvement principles and processes and involves a structured set of goal-setting, networking, and accountability activities. AQIP uses direct, cost-effective processes including AQIP’s Strategy Forums, Systems Appraisals, and various other services.

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Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP)

• Institutional Experience with AQIP

• AQIP institutions provide reflections on what they have learned from their AQIP experience.

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Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP)

• Exploring AQIP and Quality Improvement

• AQIP’s Principles of High Performance Organizations describe the characteristics participating colleges and universities strive to embed within their culture. Research and experience indicate that these principles—Focus, Involvement, Leadership, Learning, People, Collaboration, Agility, Foresight, Information, and Integrity—permeate organizations that have achieved a systematic approach to continuous quality improvement.

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Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP)

• Exploring AQIP and Quality Improvement

• Lets get back to the basics!

• Quality Assurance• Quality Control• Quality Management• Information Analysis

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Quality Assurance:Quality Assurance:

• An all-encompassing management program used to An all-encompassing management program used to ensure excellence through the systematic collection and ensure excellence through the systematic collection and evaluation of data.evaluation of data.

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Quality Assurance:Quality Assurance:

• Deals with human factors that lead to Deals with human factors that lead to variations in quality improvement !!!!!!!!!!variations in quality improvement !!!!!!!!!!

• Primary objective is enhancement of Primary objective is enhancement of customer satisfaction.customer satisfaction.

• Internal and ExternalInternal and External

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Quality Assurance Program:Quality Assurance Program:

• Four activities of a QA program.Four activities of a QA program.

1. Monitoring1. Monitoring 2. Trouble shooting problems as they arise2. Trouble shooting problems as they arise 3. Keeping records on the operation of the 3. Keeping records on the operation of the

programprogram 4. Analyzing Information4. Analyzing Information

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Quality Assurance Program:Quality Assurance Program:

• Fundamental goals of a QA program.Fundamental goals of a QA program.

• Decrease wasteDecrease waste• Lowered costsLowered costs• Improved qualityImproved quality• Increased consistencyIncreased consistency• Improved efficiencyImproved efficiency

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Quality Assurance Program:Quality Assurance Program:

• Areas considered in a QA program.Areas considered in a QA program.

• EquipmentEquipment• PeoplePeople• CustomersCustomers

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Quality Assurance Program:Quality Assurance Program:

• Typical actions used to eliminate problems found by a Typical actions used to eliminate problems found by a QA Program include:QA Program include:

• Management techniquesManagement techniques• Dept. Policies & ProceduresDept. Policies & Procedures• Technical effectiveness & efficiencyTechnical effectiveness & efficiency• In-service educationIn-service education• Timeliness of reportsTimeliness of reports• Equipment or facility changesEquipment or facility changes• Staff changesStaff changes

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Quality Control:Quality Control:

• Part of the QM program that deals with techniques Part of the QM program that deals with techniques used in monitoring and maintenance of the used in monitoring and maintenance of the technical elements of a systems that affect quality.technical elements of a systems that affect quality.

• QC is a part of the QM program that deals with QC is a part of the QM program that deals with processes, instrumentation and equipment!!!!!!!!processes, instrumentation and equipment!!!!!!!!

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Quality Control:Quality Control:

• Ex.) Three levels of QC testing in X-RayEx.) Three levels of QC testing in X-Ray

Level I: Noninvasive and Simple - Performed by properly Level I: Noninvasive and Simple - Performed by properly trained trained radiographersradiographers. Ex.) wire mesh test & spinning top . Ex.) wire mesh test & spinning top testtest

Level II: Noninvasive and Complex - Performed by properly Level II: Noninvasive and Complex - Performed by properly trained trained radiographersradiographers. Ex.) special test tools & meters. Ex.) special test tools & meters

Level III: Invasive and Complex – Performed by Level III: Invasive and Complex – Performed by physicistsphysicists and and radiological engineersradiological engineers. Ex.) new equipment testing. Ex.) new equipment testing

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Quality Control:Quality Control:

• How about you. Fill in the blanks?How about you. Fill in the blanks?

Level I: Noninvasive and Simple - Performed by properly Level I: Noninvasive and Simple - Performed by properly trained trained ____________________. Ex.) _____________. Ex.) _____________

Level II: Noninvasive and Complex - Performed by properly Level II: Noninvasive and Complex - Performed by properly trained trained ____________________. Ex.) _____________. Ex.) _____________

Level III: Invasive and Complex – Performed by Level III: Invasive and Complex – Performed by ___________. ___________. Ex.) ____________Ex.) ____________

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Quality Management / Continuous Quality Improvement / Quality Management / Continuous Quality Improvement / AQIP:AQIP:

• Continually Continually improves quality by focusing on improving the system or improves quality by focusing on improving the system or process in which individual workers function rather than the process in which individual workers function rather than the individuals themselves.individuals themselves.

• For these processes to improve, it is essential to focus on the For these processes to improve, it is essential to focus on the organization as a whole, rather than on individual departments.organization as a whole, rather than on individual departments.

• Promotes the need for objective data to analyze and improve Promotes the need for objective data to analyze and improve processes.processes.

• Management needs to promote this atmosphere, effectively allocate Management needs to promote this atmosphere, effectively allocate resources needed for improvement, treat employees as resources needed for improvement, treat employees as assetsassets and and not not expensesexpenses and work together towards a and work together towards a shared goalshared goal..

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Quality Management Program:Quality Management Program:

• A Quality Management Program is the merging of a A Quality Management Program is the merging of a Quality Assurance Program with a Quality Control Quality Assurance Program with a Quality Control Program!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Program!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• QA + QC = QMQA + QC = QM

• QA + QC = AQIPQA + QC = AQIP

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Quality Management:Quality Management:

• Four main components of a QM Program:Four main components of a QM Program:

• Equipment QCEquipment QC• Evaluation of equipmentEvaluation of equipment

• Administrative responsibilityAdministrative responsibility• Establishment of different processes to accomplish specific Establishment of different processes to accomplish specific

required tasks. Ex.) Dept. Procedure manualsrequired tasks. Ex.) Dept. Procedure manuals

• Risk ManagementRisk Management• Ability to identify and minimize risks to workers and visitors.Ability to identify and minimize risks to workers and visitors.

• SafetySafety• OSHAOSHA

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Quality Management:Quality Management:

• Ways savings are created by changes made to Ways savings are created by changes made to QM programs over the past 25:QM programs over the past 25:

• Less equipment downtimeLess equipment downtime• Digital technologyDigital technology• Increased department efficiencyIncreased department efficiency• Increased employee effectivenessIncreased employee effectiveness• Higher customer satisfactionHigher customer satisfaction

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Information Analysis:Information Analysis:

• A considerable amount of data must be collected A considerable amount of data must be collected and analyzed for various components of a QM and analyzed for various components of a QM program to be implemented.program to be implemented.

• A basic knowledge of terminology and data A basic knowledge of terminology and data presentation tools that are used in statistical presentation tools that are used in statistical analysis is necessary by employees to assist the analysis is necessary by employees to assist the implementation of a QM program.implementation of a QM program.

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• Basic Terminology:Basic Terminology:

• Population Population • Comprises the entire set or group of items being measured.Comprises the entire set or group of items being measured.

• SampleSample• The number of items actually measured from a populationThe number of items actually measured from a population

• Reliability Reliability • refers to the consistency of repeated measurements of the same refers to the consistency of repeated measurements of the same

thing or the reproducibility of a result.thing or the reproducibility of a result.

• AccuracyAccuracy• The ability to measure what is purported to be measured.The ability to measure what is purported to be measured.

• Range• Standard Deviation• Variance• Validity

• Frequency• Mean• Median• Mode• Bias

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Information Analysis Tools:Information Analysis Tools:

Flowchart:Flowchart:• A pictorial representation of the individual steps that can be A pictorial representation of the individual steps that can be

contained in a process.contained in a process.

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Cause and Effect Diagram:Cause and Effect Diagram:

• Used to demonstrate graphically the cause and effects of Used to demonstrate graphically the cause and effects of different variables or conditions on a key quality characteristics different variables or conditions on a key quality characteristics and thereby potential areas of improvement.and thereby potential areas of improvement.

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Histogram:Histogram:

• A data display tool in the form of a bar graph that often plots the A data display tool in the form of a bar graph that often plots the most frequent occurrence of a quantity in the centermost frequent occurrence of a quantity in the center

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Pareto Chart:Pareto Chart:

• Causal analysis tool. A variation of the histogram, which Causal analysis tool. A variation of the histogram, which prioritizes the most frequent problems at the far left and the prioritizes the most frequent problems at the far left and the other problems in decreasing order to the right.other problems in decreasing order to the right.

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Scatter Plot:Scatter Plot:

• Traditional two-axis graph, with several data points that Traditional two-axis graph, with several data points that have been plotted throughout. Determines if a have been plotted throughout. Determines if a relationship exists between two different variables in a relationship exists between two different variables in a process. Once the data points are plotted the scatter plot process. Once the data points are plotted the scatter plot is then examined to see if these points are scattered in is then examined to see if these points are scattered in any particular pattern.any particular pattern.

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Trend Chart:Trend Chart:

• Pictorially demonstrates whether key indicators are Pictorially demonstrates whether key indicators are moving up or down over a given amount of time.moving up or down over a given amount of time.

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Control Chart:Control Chart:

• Modification of the trend chart, in which Modification of the trend chart, in which statistically determined upper and lower control statistically determined upper and lower control limits are placed with a central line that indicates limits are placed with a central line that indicates an accepted norm.an accepted norm.

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Process & Equipment QC:Process & Equipment QC:

• By understanding and utilizing all of the By understanding and utilizing all of the terminology and information analysis terminology and information analysis tools, we can properly execute the Process tools, we can properly execute the Process & Equipment QC component of a QM & Equipment QC component of a QM program.program.

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QA + QC = QMQA + QC = QM

QA + QC = AQIPQA + QC = AQIP

Merging these entities in a quality management program Merging these entities in a quality management program requires certain administrative requires certain administrative proceduresprocedures to be to be implemented by many people.implemented by many people.

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Threshold of Acceptability:Threshold of Acceptability:

• Includes levels of accuracy, sensitivity and specific of outcome. Includes levels of accuracy, sensitivity and specific of outcome. This is a pre-established level of performance applied to This is a pre-established level of performance applied to a specific indicator.a specific indicator.

Communication Network:Communication Network:

• Proper communication among all members of a department is Proper communication among all members of a department is essential for successful QM program.essential for successful QM program.

Customer Comfort:Customer Comfort:

• Customer comfort, convenience and privacy should be provided Customer comfort, convenience and privacy should be provided within reasonable limits in departments.within reasonable limits in departments.

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What does all of this mean?????

• We now know what AQIP is:

• A program used by the HLC to maintain accredited status.

• A Quality Management Program that is structured around quality improvement principles and processes and involves a structured set of goal-setting, networking, and accountability activities.

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What does all of this mean?????

• We now know some of the basics of a QM program:

• Quality Assurance:

• An all-encompassing management program used to ensure excellence through the systematic collection and evaluation of data.

• Deals with Human Factors.

• Ex.) Leadership Academy, Convocation, 6 Sigma, Strategy Forum.

• Ex.) Improvement Teams, Hot Teams.

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What does all of this mean?????

• We now know some of the basics of a QM program:

• Quality Control:

• Part of the QM program that deals with techniques used in monitoring and maintenance of the technical elements of a systems that affect quality.

• QC is a part of the QM program that deals with processes, instrumentation and equipment!!!!!!!!

• Ex.) The Memory Jogger (Will be available online?)• Ex.) Strategy Forum Book of Continuous Quality Improvement

Exercises. (Will be available online?)

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What does all of this mean?????

• We now know some of the basics of a QM program:

• Quality Management / Continuous Quality Improvement / AQIP:

• Continually improves quality by focusing on improving the system or

process in which individual workers function rather than the individuals

themselves.

• Promotes a quality focused atmosphere, effectively allocates

resources needed for improvement, treat employees as assets and

not expenses, and work together towards a shared goal.

• Ex.) AQIP Oversight and Administration

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What does all of this mean?????

• How does this all fit into AQIP and SFCC:

• We as a college are now and will continue to utilize these quality improvement measures.

• Understanding the basics will help us a college community develop a culture of continuous quality improvement.

• Over the next year, SFCC will be updating and educating the college community on all aspects of AQIP so to improve the quality of our services here at SFCC.

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Thank You