Name :- Parghi Gautam V. M.Sc. Environmental sci.Topic :- Aquatic ecosystem

Aquatic ecosystem

Fresh water ecosystem

Marine water ecosystem

Two kind of fresh water :-1. Lentic : standing (lakes & ponds)2. Lotic: running (rivers & streams)

Which has low percentage of dissolved salt.

Fresh water

Lakes and ponds

The littoral zone of a lake is the region of lake with rooted vegetation.

The limnetic zone is the region of lack with no rooted vegetation.

Lakes and ponds

Lakes and ponds

A Lake is a good example of a fresh water ecosystem.

The components of ecosystem are

1. Abiotic 2. Biotic - Non living - living organism - physical - biological

Lack ecosystem

◦ Temperature◦ Pressure◦ Light ◦ pH value of water, and ◦ the basic inorganic and organic compounds

1. Abiotic components

Biotic Components

Producers Consumers Decomposers

•Primary Consumers •Secondary Consumers•Tertiary consumers:

•Macrophytes •phytoplankton's

•Bacteria•Actinomycetes•Fungi

◦ These are autotrophic, green plants and some photosynthetic bacteria.

◦ (a) Macrophytes : These are mainly rooted larger plants which include partly or completely submerged, floating and emergent hydrophytes.

◦ The common plants are the species of Trapa, Typha, Hydrilla, Vallisneria, Marsilea, etc.

◦ (b) Phytoplanktons : They are minute, floating or suspended lower plants.

◦ Majority of them are such filamentous algae as Ulothrix, Spirogyra, Cladophora etc.

Producers:

Emergent plants have leaves that float on the water’s surface.

Submerged plants stay submerged below the water’s surface.

Trapa

Typha

Marsilea

Vallisneria

Spirogyra

◦ They are heterotrophs which depend for their nutrition on the organic food manufactured by producers, green plants.

◦ (a) Primary Consumers (herbivores): Also known as Primary macroconsumers, these are herbivores feeding directly on living plants Benthos and Zooplanktons are primary consumers

◦ (b) Secondary Consumers (carnivores): They are the carnivores which feed on the primary consumers. Fishes and insects

◦ (c) Tertiary consumers: They are some larger fishes that feed on the smaller fish

Consumers

Benthos and Zooplanktons : Copepodkils

Fishes and insectsHalmal

Mozambique tilapia

insect

◦ They are also known as microconsumers, since they absorb only a fraction of the decomposed organic matter.

◦ They bring about the decomposition of complex dead organic matter of both – plants and consumers.

◦ Thus they play a important role in the return of mineral elements again to the medium of the pond.

◦ They are chiefly bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi

Decomposers

Decomposers

Bacteria pseudomonas_bacteria actinomycetes

Marine regions cover about three‐fourths of the Earth's surface and include many ecosystems like oceans, coral reefs, wetlands, mangroves, seaweeds, seagrass, backwater, brackishwater, saltmarshes, sand dunes, lagoon and estuaries.

Marine algae supply much of the world's primary production, oxygen supply and take in a huge amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Marine Ecosystem

• The marine biome is made up of three layers: - The euphotic zone, - The disphotic zone, and - The aphotic zone.

• The euphotic zone is where the most life is, because that's were sunlight pierces.

• The disphotic zone is dark and gloomy, and doesn't harvest as much life but still contains a large number.

The third zone, the aphotic zone, is home only to the plants and animals that have adapted to the extreme to life in such harsh conditions.

The marine environment as compared with fresh water appears to the more stable in their chemical composition due to being saline and moreover others physical and chemical factors as dissolved oxygen content, light and temperature are also different.

Abiotic components

Biotic Components

Producers Consumers Decomposers

•crustaceans molluscs, •fish

•Phytoplanktons like diatoms dinoflagellates and some microscopic algae

•Bacteria•Fungi

Producers:◦ These are autotrophs and also designated as

primary producers, since they are responsible for trapping the radiant energy of sun with the help of their pigments.

◦ Producers are phytoplanktons, such as diatoms, dinoflagellates and some microscopic algae.

Consumers:◦ (a) Primary consumers: The herbivores, that feed

directly on producers are chiefly crustaceans molluscs, fish etc.

Biotic components

◦ (b) Secondary consumers: These are carnivores fishes (herring, shad etc.) feeding on herbivores.

◦ (c) Tertiary consumers: Still in the food chain, there are other carnivorous fishes like Cod, Haddock, Halibut etc. that feed on other carnivores of the secondary consumers level.

Decomposers:◦ The microbes active in the decay of dead organic

matter of producers and macro-consumers are chiefly bacteria & some fungi.

diatoms

dinoflagellates

Sea star

fish

Cod fish

Carnivores fish

Thank you