aquatic plant id - university of florida...aquatic plant id author lyn gettys created date 5/11/2017...
TRANSCRIPT
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Florida’s Dirty Dozen
Aquatic Weeds
Lyn Gettys, PhD
University of Florida IFAS FLREC and CAIP
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Florida’s environment
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Our dirty dozen aquatic weeds…
Floating-leaved
Shoreline/all-terrainFloating
Submersed
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Waterhyacinth
Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae): exotic
Brazil, S. America
FL Prohibited Aquatic Plant
Plant height to 3’
Leaves 5”, round
Leathery/rubbery
Spongy petioles; basal
Roots dark, feathery
Showy purple flowers
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Waterhyacinth
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Waterhyacinth
2,4-D, triclopyr
Diquat, glyphosate
Penoxsulam
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Waterlettuce
Pistia stratiotes (Araceae): exotic – probably…
S. America, Africa, SE US
FL Class 2 Prohibited Aquatic Plant
Plant width to 2’
Leaves to 1’, scalloped
Thick, dull green, sessile
Roots light, feathery
Inconspicuous flowers
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Waterlettuce
2,4-D, diquat, endothall
Flumioxazin
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Giant salvinia
Salvinia molesta (Salviniaceae): exotic (Brazil)
Federal Noxious Weed
Fern
Fronds to 4 cm
Upper fronds round/oval
Joined in pairs
“Egg-beater” hairs
Lower fronds = “roots”
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Giant salvinia
Diquat
Glyphosate
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Feathered mosquitofern
Azolla pinnata (Azollaceae): exotic (Africa, Asia)
Federal Noxious Weed
Fern
Fronds to 25 mm, deltoid
Green to red
Velvety
Roots up to 2” long
N fixation
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Feathered mosquitofern
Diquat
Glyphosate
Carfentrazone
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Landoltia duckweed
Landoltia (Spirodela) punctata (Lemnaceae): exotic
Monocot
Asia, Australia; FLEPPC Cat 2
Smallish (< 5 mm)
Oblong/ovate leaves
Dark green upper, red/purple lower
Pitted (punctate) surface
2 to 6 bodies in “clonal cluster”
2 to 5 roots
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Landoltia duckweed
Diquat, fluridone, flumioxazin
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Hydrilla
Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae): exotic
Multiple origins – Korea, India* (FL: dioecious ♀)
Federal Noxious Weed
Plant height to 25’
Leaves strap-shaped, 0.5”
Coarse serrations
Verticillate (4 to 8)
Rooted; tubers, turions
White flower to 0.25”
Long peduncle
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Hydrilla
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Hydrilla
Fluridone
Endothall, ALS
Topramezone
Flumioxazin
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East Indian hygrophila
Hygrophila polysperma (Acanthaceae): exotic
India, Malaysia
Federal Noxious Weed
Leaves simple, to 4”
Elliptic, smooth margins
Opposite
Square stems
Flowers in leaf axils
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East Indian hygrophila
Flumioxazin
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Fanwort
Cabomba caroliniana (Cabombaceae): native***
Plant height to 30’
Submersed leaves finely cut, fan-like, 3”
Gelatinous
Opposite or verticillate/whorled
Emergent leaves ◊
Usually rooted
Free-floating or anchored
Flowers emergent, 0.5”
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Fanwort
Flumioxazin
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Crested floatingheart
Nymphoides cristata: exotic (Asia)
FL Noxious Weed
Leaves 6”, cordate
Dark red markings
Smooth
Ridged white flowers
~5 petals
Spikey ramet
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Crested floatingheart
Glyphosate + imazapyr
Glyphosate + imazamox
Flumioxazin + diquat
???
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Torpedograss
Panicum repens (Poaceae): exotic
Africa, Asia
FLEPPC Cat 1
Plant height to 3’
Leaves to 1/4” x 10”
Blue-green
Clasping hairy ligule
Open panicle to 9”
Small yellow flowers
Sharp pointed rhizome
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Torpedograss
Glyphosate
Fluridone, imazapyr
Sethoxydim
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Alligatorweed
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Amaranthaceae): exotic
S. America
FL Prohibited Aquatic Plant
Plant height to 1’
Leaves simple, to 4”
Elliptic to lanceolate
Smooth margins
Opposite
Hollow stems
White flower on peduncle
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Alligatorweed
Imazapyr, imazamox
Glyphosate, triclopyr
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Rotala
Rotala rotundifolia (Lythraceae): exotic
Asia
FLEPPC Cat 2
Plant height to 8”
Leaves simple, smooth margins, opposite or whorled
Emergent round, to 0.5”
Submersed elliptic, to 1”
Bright red to green stems
Spike of bright pink flowers
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Rotala
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Rotala control: mechanical
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Rotala control: critters• They don’t like it…
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Rotala control: herbicides• 2,4-D and triclopyr
• F: Bispyribac, imazamox
• S: Fluridone
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Recap