ar-pin/pdc: flexible advance reservation of intradomain and interdomain lightpaths

GridNets, October 1, 20061

AR-PIN/PDC: Flexible Advance Reservation of

Intradomain and Interdomain Lightpaths

Eric He, Xi Wang, Jason LeighElectronic Visualization Laboratory

University of Illinois at Chicago

GRIDNETS 2006

October 1, 2006


LambdaGrid Requirements

• Massive bandwidth– DWDM

• Quality of Service guarantee– Dedicated lightpaths

• Dynamically configurable by various applications– Web services

• Collaboration from multiple domains– Inter-domain

• Advance reservation– Flexible

We want to get rid of ROUTERS!


Proposed Solution

• AR-PIN/PDC: A software system to let applications control both intra-domain and inter-domain lightpath resources through web services, with flexible advance reservation capability.

AR-PIN/PDC:

Advance Reservation Photonic Inter-domain Negotiator / Photonic Domain Controller


Outline

• Flexible Advance Reservation Model

• AR-PIN/PDC Architecture

• Simulation Results

• Deployment and Experiments

• Future Work


Flexible Advance Reservation Model

s, d: source and destination nodes.tstart, tend: the reservation window range.tmd: minimal duration.c: criteria, such as the earliest, the longest.


Peer-to-PeerTopology Advertisement

Client B

Lightpath

TL1 control messages

PhotonicSwitches

TopologyDatabase

AR-PIN 1

Slot Table

Device Driver

AR-PDC1

Signaling

Web Services

TopologyDatabase

AR-PIN 1

Slot Table

Device Driver

AR-PDC1

Signaling

Web Services

TopologyDatabase

AR-PIN 1

Slot Table

Device Driver

AR-PDC1

Signaling

Web Services

AR-PIN/PDC Architecture

Client A

Web Service

Interdomain

Routing

Interdomain

Signaling

PDC


Web Services

• Web services for applications– advanceReserveHH/SH/SS– immediateReserveHH/SH/SS– claim – unbind – terminate – modify – renew


Client Sample

package edu.uic.evl.pdc.client;import java.util.*;

public class claim { public static void main(String [] args) { try { PDCService service = new PDCServiceLocator(); PDCEndpoint endpoint = service.getPDCEndpointPort(); endpoint.claim(args[0]); } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}


Interdomain Routing

Border Switch

Internal Switch

1,2,3 Domain ID

A,B,C… Border Switch ID

1 2

3

A

B

CD

E

FG

• Domains separated at Switches.• Border Switch ID is globally unique.• Exchange topology summary only.• Exchange in publish/subscribe mode.


2D Matrix Join Operation

Time Slot

Wavelength

Join =

Both intra-domain and inter-domain


AR-PDC Device Driver

• Unified interface.

• The drivers talk to devices using TL1.


Simulation

• How the flexibility affects the blocking rate and resource utilization?

• How advance reservations affect immediate reservations?

• How to divide resources between advance reservations and immediate reservations?

• Define the degree of flexibility:


Blocking Rate Under Different Flexibilities

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

number of requests

bloc

king

rate

flex=0

flex=1

flex=2

flex=3

flex=10


Resource Utilization Under Different Flexibilities

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000

number of requests

reso

urce

util

izat

ion

flex=0

flex=1

flex=2

flex=3

flex=10


When ARs and IRs co-exist- Partition or Share Wavelengths?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

number of requests

blo

ckin

g r

ate

Partition-IR

Partition-AR

Share-IR

Share-AR

Shared case has much lower blocking rate!


However, IRs may be dropped for shared case!

• It is possible for IRs to be dropped (preempted) by ARs. In order to maintain a certain Quality of Service, we can add one more parameter for IRs: Minimum Duration.

• It is still acceptable if we could – satisfy the Minimum Duration– notify the user in advance

• In another word, being dropped is better than being blocked!

• Therefore, we need to add admission control for IRs.

time

ARIR

IR has be to dropped out


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

number of ARs

IR b

lock

ing

rate

MD=0

MD=180

MD=360

MD=900

MD=1800

MD=2700

Blocking Rate of IRs for Different Minimum Duration

1. IR load is fixed.2. More ARs, IR blocking rate increases.3. Longer MD, IR blocking rate increases.


Admission Control for ARs

• If there is no admission control for ARs, it is possible for IRs to be blocked seriously, even starved, because of the time advantage of ARs.

• A good method is to reserve some wavelengths only for IRs. e.g., ARs can only use 5 of 8 wavelengths.


We also need AR Admission Control

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

number of AR requests

bloc

king

rate

AR-woAC

IR-woAC

AR-w/AC

IR-w/AC


Findings From Simulations

• By introducing some flexibility on the time parameters of advance reservations, the system performance can be improved dramatically.

• IR minimum duration is necessary to have good Quality of Service.

• AR admission control is necessary in order to maintain a well-balanced AR/IR mixed environment.


Glimmerglass

Calient

cluster node 1-4

scylla node 11-16

yorda node 11-16

rembrandt node 3-6

charybdis nic 1-2

atlasnic 1-2

control plane

AR-PIN/PDC

UCSDEVL

StarLight

NetherLight

Photonic Testbed Topology

AR-PIN/PDCAR-PIN/PDC

AR-PIN/PDC

Glimmerglass

Glimmerglass


AR-PIN/PDC Web Interface - Schedule


AR-PIN/PDC Web Interface - View


Interdomain Claim Signaling Latency Analysis

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

ms

EVL-SL EVL-UCSD EVL-UvA EVL-SL-UCSD-UvA

S-C prop

ParallelClaims

C-S prop

EVL

SL

UCSD

UvA


Future Work

• LambdaBridge: An edge-based strategy to “bridge” applications on lambda networks.– Manage and adapt application flows and provide

cluster-to-cluster lambda connections.– Will be presented in BroadNets 2006.


Thank you!

And

Questions?

http://[email protected]


Interdomain Reservation Process

PIN1

A B

PIN2 PIN3 PIN4

1. Client A sends a lightpath request to PIN12. PIN1 Find doman-level route from topology database.

4. Each domain gathers resource availability info and sends it to PIN1.5. PIN1 joins all availability information, selects the best wavelength.6. PIN1 sends reserveRequest to the first domain.

8. PIN1 receives the reserveResponse from PIN4.9. PIN1 returns the reservation ID to the client A.

3. Send probeRequest msgs to other domains in parallel.

7. Hop by hop, each domain marks the slots in database.


Interdomain Claim Process

PIN1

A B

PIN2 PIN3 PIN4

1. Client A sends a claim request to PIN1

2. Send claimRequest msgs to other domains in parallel.

4. PIN1 returns success to the clientA

3. Each domain sets up its part of the lightpath. Then returns success to PIN1


Signaling Algorithm Complexity Analysis

• Reservation– The major time consumed by Reservation

process is slot table database access.– pdc-probe: O(hop)– pdc-reserve: O(hop*timeslot)– pin-reserve: O(domain*hop*timeslot)

• Claim– The major time consumed is switching time.– Parallelism will help.


Interdomain Reservation Signaling End-to-End Latency Analysis

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

EVL-SL EVL-UCSD EVL-UvA EVL-SL-UCSD-UvA

ms

scr-prop-bresv[4]r-prop-f[4]resv[3]r-prop-f[3]resv[2]r-prop-f[2]proc2MAX(p-prop-b)MAX(probing)MAX(p-prop-f)proc1cs

RTT: 1ms 60ms 104ms


The Reservation Time is proportional to the Time Slot Granularity

Effect of Slot Granularity

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Slot Granularity

mill

isec

onds

client-server propagation

server processing

server-client propagation

ar-pin/pdc: flexible advance reservation of intradomain and interdomain lightpaths

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