arboles y huracánes - university of florida · •urban forest conditions such as overall tree...
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Arboles y Arboles y HuracHuracáánesnes
Henry MayerMiami-Dade Extension
July 2, 2009http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu
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South Florida es “Hurricane Country”
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PuedePuede ser su carro!!!ser su carro!!!
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Con dedicacion su comunidad puede ser un modelo para otras comunidades
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Un bosque urbano saludablepromueve:
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Bosque Bosque UrbanoUrbano 20072007--20082008
Los BosquesUrbanos son diferentes y cambiam!!
*http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/data/urban/state/?state=FL
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Recommendacion :Establezca y maneje un buen programamediante:
� Having a comprehensive
tree management plan
� Having a structural pruning program
for young and mature trees
� Choosing more wind
resistance species
� Selecting the right species
� Designing the right place
� Planting high-quality trees
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• Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition
Pérdida de árboles depende de:
• Tree species, age, health, and structure
• Conditions during the hurricane such as precipitation and the time to move through an area
• Site characteristics such as soil conditions (for example soil depth and moisture)
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http://treesandhurricanes.ifas.ufl.edu
Lista de árboles resistentes a los vientos
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Especies que resisten la podredumbre:
Laurel oakRoyal poinciana
FicusOrchid tree
Live oakMahogany
Gumbo-limboTamarind
Trees prone to decayTrees that resist decay
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A mayor velocidad del viento más árboles se caerán
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
75 95 115 135 155 175
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R2 polyn=0.7154
y = 0.0032x2 - 0.4948x + 30.57
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Siembre los árboles en grupos
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Cuando un árbol se cae
SIEMBRE otro!
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jeanne Ivan Charley120 mph 130 mph 145 mph
Bra
nche
s Lo
st (%
)
0000
0000
0000
0 - 8 in.
9 - 20 in.
21 - 39 in.
40 - 79 in. The larger and older a tree is,
the more branches it will lose.
Arboles viejos se caen y quiebran más!
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Arboles con daño interno se quiebran más!
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Arboles con mala estructura se quiebranmás!
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Arboles bien podadossobreviven más!
Live Oak Black Olive Gumbo Limbo0
20
40
60
80
100
1 �����
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Tree
s S
tand
ing
Aft
er H
urri
cane
(%)
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PorquePorque podarpodar ??
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Débil vs. Fuerte
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Buena Buena estructuraestructura!!
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Case Study: Weston Lakes Maintenance Association, Weston, FL
Structural Pruning of 100 Common Area and 700 Swale Mahogany Trees
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Case Study: Weston Lakes Maintenance Association, Weston, FL
Structural Remediation Complete
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64%survival
0 to 3 m2
(0 to 39 ft2)
Street trees,Parking lots, Yards
73%survival
91%survival
Yards,Parks
4 to 7 m2
(40 to 75 ft2)> 7 m2
(> 75 ft2#
Campuses, Parks, Yards
Los árboles necesitanespacio para las raíces!
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Falta de espacio!
Lack of mature rooting space/site constraints
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� Give small trees
at least 10’ by 10’
� Give medium
treesat least 20’ by 20’
� Give large trees at least 30’ by 30’
Recommendation:
Give trees enough rooting space according to their mature size
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Courtesy: James Urban
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1.Arbol se sale del hoyo
3.Tronco principal partido
2.Ramas quebradas
6.Perdida de hojas
5.Sin dañoaparente
4.Arbol 4.Arbol inclinadoinclinado
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Plan de RespuestaImmediately following stormStep 1: Remove hazards
Step 2: Stake fallen trees where possible
Step 3: Clean canopies of damaged trees
Before the next visit• Allow trees to regenerate energy reserves
• Develop a tree management program in the community
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RECOMMENDATION: If a large tree uproots and falls over, it is basically dead and should be removed.
ArbolArbol salidosalido del del hoyohoyo
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A small tree (under 4 inches in diameter) may be righted. Its future care needs to include staking and
watering as though it was freshly planted.
UprootUproot
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Resiembra• Water as if the tree were
recently planted. Irrigate 3x a week with 3 gallons/inch trunk diameter. There is no
need to fertilize at this time.•Stake the tree. Adjust stakes and remove when tree is stable.
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TroncoTronco principal principal partidopartido
� is essentially dead as an urban tree� should be removed
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Muchas ramaspartidas
� Large broken branches may be able to be repaired through pruning. � Small branches can be pruned.� If a tree has lost more than ½ its crown, it may never regain its structure and health
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Limpieza de la copa
Haga cortes lisos en los tocones y ramas.
Reduce back to lateral branch if one is present.
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Nunca hagacortes a ras
Wound wood does not develop evenly.
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Cola de leónLions-tailing:trees with foliage concentrated at the tips of branches because inner branches were removed.• More susceptible to hurricane damage• Difficult to restore
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Arboles caídos
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Programa de Poda
Time needed
to restore:
• 4 + yrs.• four or more visits
• 3 – 4 yrs.• about threevisits
• 2 – 3 yrs. • about two visits
Mature (over 10” dbh)
Medium-aged (5-10”
dbh)
Young (under 5” dbh)
* dbh – diameter at breast height
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Manejo de Brotes
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Reduzca algunos- Shorten 1/3 of the sprouts. They will continue to store energy, but will eventually be removed.
Remueva algunos- Remove 1/3 of the sprouts to allow space for the most vigorous ones to grow.
Deje algunos- These will develop into the new branches.
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RemueveRemueve a a DejeDeje??
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Remueva hojas que dañan al cogollo
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SIN PODA ACEPTABLE DEMASIADA PODA
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Pines may show no immediate visible damage after a hurricane but may decline over time
SIN dañosvisibles
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Contract specification requirements: All trees FL grade No. 1 or better; UF-IFAS planting detail; post-plant inspection;
SIEMBRA
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SE NECESITA VER LA RAíZ
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Antes
Después
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SiembraSiembra –– 5 5 ”” profundoprofundo!!
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Pre-plant root ball inspection, excavation and preparation
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Kept covered and moist, the cut ends do regenerate an amazing number of roots.
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Si daña las raices el arbol se caera!
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REMUEVALAS!
Poor maintenance practices
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REMUEVALAS!
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