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Page 1: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 1

ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop

http://www.arc.unr.edu/

Page 2: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 2

ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and WorkshopUniversity of Nevada, Reno

Page 3: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 3

ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and WorkshopMix Design for Cold in-Place Recycling

Page 4: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 4

Superpave Mix Design for CIR Mixture

• No performance-related mix design– Proctor test, Hveem procedure, Marshall stability.

• No fully established mix design procedure using Superpave Gyratory Compactor.

• Initial water and emulsion contents based on experience.

• Moisture sensitivity test and raveling test are the most common performance tests.

Page 5: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 5

Proposed CIR Mix Design Method

1. Selection of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).2. Selection of emulsified asphalt.3. Determination of theoretical maximum specific gravity .4. Determination of required number of gyrations.5. Determination of curing time.6. Determination of Optimum Emulsion Content (OEC) and

Optimum Water Content (OWC).7. Evaluation of moisture susceptibility.8. Evaluation of resistance to raveling.9. Evaluation of performance properties.

Page 6: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 6

Number of Gyrations

• Select initial water and emulsion content• Target AV = 13±1%; height = 115±5mm• Approach

– Trial samples to reach target air voids & height– Initial water content: 2 – 6%– Emulsion content: 1 – 3%– Compacted to 100 gyrations– The required number of gyrations was selected to reach

the target specimen height and air voids. – If the target specimen height is not achieved at the target

air void, the weight of the mixture is adjusted.

Page 7: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 7

Curing Time for CIR

• Time to reach a constant mass ≅ 0.025% mass loss/hr• 24 hrs curing at 60°C.

0.00%

0.05%

0.10%

0.15%

0.20%

10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

Perc

ent w

eight

loss

/hr

Time, (hr)

Curing curve at 60°C for graded RAP with CMS-2s emulsion

E-2.0%,W-4.0%E-3.0%,W-4.0%E-4.0%,W-4.0%Target

Page 8: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 8

OEC and OWC

• 4 levels of emulsion content (1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5)• 4 levels of water content (1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0)• Allow ± 0.5% of OWC for variations in the field• Select 2 Combinations that best meet the criteria

9%

11%

13%

15%

17%

19%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Perc

ent a

irvoi

d

Total water content, %DWR

Graded RAP with CMS-2s

Emulsion-1.0%Emulsion-1.5%Emulsion-2.0%Emulsion-3.0%

Page 9: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 9

OEC and OWC

Type of Mixes

Type of Emulsion

No of gyration for Mix Design

Design Emulsion

Content, %

Design water

Content, %

Graded RAP with 1.5% lime

CMS-2s 30 1.5 3.01.5 4.0

Engineered emulsion for CIR 10

2.0 3.02.0 4.0

Non-graded RAP with 1.5% lime

CMS-2s 35 2.0 2.02.0 3.0

Engineered emulsion for CIR 20

2.0 3.02.5 3.0

Page 10: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 10

Moisture Susceptibility of CIR Mixtures

0

100

200

300

400

500

Graded CIR with CMS-2s Graded CIR with EE Non-graded CIR withCMS-2s

Non-Graded CIR with EE

Tens

ile S

treng

th (k

Pa) TS Dry without lime TS Dry with lime TS wet without lime TS wet with lime

20 2616

28

70 7080 87

0

20

40

60

80

100

Graded CIR with CMS-2s Graded CIR with EE Non-graded CIR withCMS-2s

Non-Graded CIR with EE

Tens

ile st

reng

th ra

tio, T

SR

(%)

TSR without lime TSR with lime

Page 11: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 11

Resistance to Raveling and Cohesion Development• Resistance to Raveling (ASTM D7196)

– 150mm diam. by 70±5mm SGC samples– Compacted to 20 gyrations– Cured for 4 hrs at ambient condition– Abraded for 15 mins– Measured mass loss

• Cohesion development– Cohesion tester (for slurry and chip seals)– Pneumatically actuated 25mm rubber foot – Pressure of 193 kPa– Torque applied by turning wrench by 90°-120°– Time required to reach 20 kgcm

Page 12: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 12

Resistance to Raveling and Cohesion Development

4.4%

1.6%

6.8%

3.9%

2.4%1.6% 1.8%

1.1%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

Graded CIR withCMS-2s emulsion

Graded CIR withengineered emulsion

Non-graded CIR withCMS-2s emulsion

Non-Graded CIRwith engineered

emulsion

Rave

ling,

%

Type of mixRavelling, after 4hrs Ravelling after 20kgcm of torque in cohesion tester

Time required to reach cohesion criteria, hrs 5.0 4.5 5.5 4.5

Typically, a max raveling of 2.0% is recommended.

Page 13: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 13

Performance Properties of CIR MixesStiffness

4,369 4,112

5,1085,524

2,318 2,377 2,6463,076

943 981 1,075 1,298

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Graded CIR withCMS-2s

Graded CIR withEE

Non-graded CIRwith CMS-2s

Non-graded CIRwith EE

Modu

lus |

E*| a

t 10H

z (MP

a)

Type of CIR mixes

4°C 20°C 40°C

Notes: Cured for 48hrs at 60°C; Target air voids of 10.0 ± 1.0%

Page 14: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 14

Performance Properties of CIR MixesRutting Resistance

220

320

195

296

0

100

200

300

400

500

Graded CIRwith CMS-2s

Graded CIRwith EE

Non-graded CIRwith CMS-2s

Non-graded CIRwith EE

Flow

num

ber a

t 58°

C, F

N

Type of CIR mixes

• Cured for 48hrs at 60°C• Target air void of 10.0±1.0% • Temperature: 45, & 58°C• σd = 70psi; σc = 10psi• Pulse time: 0.1s; Dwell time: 0.6s

Page 15: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 15

Findings & Recommendations

• Addition of 1.5% of lime by weight of RAP improved moisture resistance and reduced resistance to raveling.

• CIR mixes had similar moduli values and were comparable to conventional HMA.

• CIR mixes showed good resistant to rutting when designed appropriately.

• Non-graded mixes showed big variations in test results.

Page 16: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 16

Findings & Recommendations

• The proposed CIR mix design method can potentially be used for designing performance-related CIR mixes.• The mix design is being validated.

• The curing time of dynamic modulus/RLT samples need to be standardized to represent either early or the later part of the CIR pavement life.

• Fatigue performance and low temperature performance of CIR mixes need to be evaluated.

Page 17: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 17

Thank You!

Visit our websites at:www.wrsc.unr.eduwww.arc.unr.edu University of Nevada, Reno, www.wrsc.unr.edu

Page 18: ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and … Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... ARC Deliverables/Products Presentation and Workshop ... – Proctor test, Hveem procedure,

www.wrsc.unr.edu ; www.arc.unr.edu Slide No. 18