NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Prof. Tobias Holler AIA, LEED AP tholler@nyit.edu

ARCH325 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 2 PROF. TOBIAS HOLLER, AIA, LEED AP tholler@nyit.edu

“If Nature had been comfortable, mankind would never have invented architecture.” Oscar Wilde, 1854-1900

Introduction The provision for comfort, health and safety is one of the most basic objectives in architecture. Developing a basic understanding of how to achieve and maintain these provisions and how to integrate them into the architectural design process is the main goal of the Environmental Systems course sequence.

Through a combination of theoretical seminars and practical design assignments the following main topics will be addressed over the course of the semester:

Illumination (Daylighting and Electric Lighting Design), Electricity, Fire Protection, Vertical Transportation

Building on the assignments from ARCH324 Environmental Systems 1, three sequential studio assignments explore the inter-relationship between passive architectural design and active electrical/lighting design through direct application on a series of small project assignments.

Integrated Design The design of environmental control systems cannot be understood as an isolated technical discipline that follows once the architectural design of a project is completed. On the contrary, in order to design a building that offers maximum user comfort while using the least amount of energy, an integrated design process needs to be adopted where architectural design and building services technology are part of one coordinated holistic system.

Even though architects are rarely responsible for the design of building services it is crucial that they understand the underlying principles and basic design approaches so they can productively communicate and collaborate with engineers and other design team members. The structure of the Environmental Systems course sequence and assignment requirements emphasize collaboration and clear communication as important aspects of the integrated design process.

Marc-Antoine Laugier, Essai sur l'Architecture 1755: Allegorical engraving of the Vitruvian primitive hut

The Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park, Cook+Fox Architects Sun Path Diagram

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Prof. Tobias Holler AIA, LEED AP tholler@nyit.edu

“Solar Design is not about fashion - it is about survival” Sir Norman Foster

Green Design and Sustainability In the United States, the construction, renovation and maintenance of the built environment consume huge amounts of non-renewable energy and are responsible for over 40% of all nationwide CO2 emissions. Green design is no longer a choice but a necessity.

Even though this is not a course specifically or exclusively about green design, all lecture content and assignments will be analyzed and evaluated based on their environmental impact. By permeating all aspects of the course, green design is understood as a cohesive design methodology rather than a series of environmental strategies applied to a design project.

Course Structure Classes typically are structured in the following way:

Seminar (1-1.5hrs):

The seminar portion consists of lectures focusing on the different types of environmental systems, their history, underlying concepts and applications. Case studies illustrate these systems’ influence on the architectural design process and the final architectural project. Seminars are also used for student presentations of the reading assignments and discussions of the readings in relation to the shown projects.

Studio:

Work and review sessions fill the remaining class time and are used to develop and discuss the studio assignments in a studio-like setting. Each class will have required assignments, due at the beginning of class.

Reading Assignments: There are two required textbook for this course:

1. Heating, Cooling, Lighting – Sustainable Design Methods for Architects, 3rd edition, Norbert Lechner, Wiley (HCL).

2. Plumbing, Electricity, Acoustics – Sustainable Design Methods for Architects, Norbert Lechner, Wiley (PEA)

Students are required to purchase their own copy, new or used.

Natural Light and Shading SIEEB Beijing, Mario Cucinella Architects Psychometric Chart

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Prof. Tobias Holler AIA, LEED AP tholler@nyit.edu

Additional sources of information which all of you should become familiar with and accustomed to using are:

Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings by Stein, Reynolds

The architect’s studio companion by Allen, Iano

Sun, Wind & Light by Brown, DeKay

The green studio handbook by Kwok, Grondzik

Mechanical Systems for Architects by Dadras

In preparation for the lecture each week there will be a reading assignment from the either HCL or the PEA books and/or from additional handouts. It is imperative that students read the required reading before class.

Studio Assignments: There are three sequential design exercises throughout the semester exploring the inter-relationship between passive architectural design and active electrical design through direct application on a small project. All studio assignments will be completed as teamwork (group size TBD). Teams will be determined in the first class.

Assignment 01: Empirical Daylighting Design

Build a physical model of a room and test different façade designs in terms of their daylighting potential. The room has only one exterior wall and it is the goal to create an even light distribution inside of the room. The models will be taken outdoors and interior daylighting levels will be measured with a light level meter.

The assignment will also include an Ecotect analysis exercise.

Assignment 02: Office Building Daylighting Excercise

Design the façades and the roof of a three story office building in order to maximize the use of daylight. The following design parameters apply: For energy efficiency reasons, the maximum glazing area of the envelope cannot exceed 50% (per floor, measured from finish floor to finish floor. Average Daylight Factor for daylit general office areas as per recommendations on page 60, Green Studio Handbook. More details and requirements see assignment hand out.

The assignment will also include an Ecotect analysis exercise.

Assignment 03: Electrical System Design

Use your “solar shelter project” from ES1 to perform a series of exercises related to the use of electricity in buildings. The building will be used as a writer’s retreat.

If you don’t have a solar shelter project use the provided design.

Load Estimate: Perform a preliminary electrical load estimate by finding wattages for appliances and equipment used in the building.

Electric Wiring Design: Based on the recommendation in the reading and as described during the lecture draw an Electric Plan (1/4”=1’-0”) and locate appliance outlets, lighting outlets with respective switches/dimmers, duplex convenience receptacles. Carefully study the example plan (MEEB p.1292) and use the correct symbols and drawing conventions.

In addition there will be a required field trip report (Trip Schedule and Details to be determined)

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Prof. Tobias Holler AIA, LEED AP tholler@nyit.edu

Assignment Values 50% Studio Assignments plus Field Trip report (4 total at equal weight)

30% Exams (2 total at 15% each)

20% Class Participation during Seminar

Each student is required to keep detailed, graphic notes from class lectures and the readings.

5% Adjustment factor to any evaluation based on the students’ intensity of effort and commitment to the course. It can be assumed that a minimum effort on these assignments will result in a poor evaluation.

Attendance Attendance at every class is expected. No work-related issues or medical appointments are to be scheduled for class time regardless of convenience.

The School of Architecture has a very specific policy regarding attendance: two unexcused absences will result in a substantial lowering of your grade; three unexcused absences require a withdrawal from the course. In order for an absence to be considered excused, the student has to inform the professor by email either before or during the duration of the class as to the reasons for the absence.

Arriving to class more than 15 minutes late will be considered an absence. All of you are well aware of traffic and public transportation problems, so give yourself ample time to arrive in the classroom.

Cell phones are to be turned off during class time and will be confiscated if they disrupt the class.

No eating during class time.

Portfolio It is required that students submit a portfolio – hard copy and digital – at the end of the semester in order to receive a final grade. It is to include reproductions of all final drawings and calculations of all assignments.

A Note on Computer Use It is important to remember that the computer is a tool for production and not an excuse for late or unfinished work. If you are new to using the computer do not use this class as a means to learn how to use it. The expectations for both computer and hand drawings will be the same.

Evaluation Grades will consider the appropriateness of the idea, the project's completeness, the quality of presentation, and the effort put into the submission. Both content and presentation are crucial to the evaluation of assignments. Evaluation for content is based on the general quality, clarity, and development of the solution. Evaluation of presentation will consider the quality, precision, and craft of the presentation. As in studio, neither merely completing all the presentation requirements, nor merely having a good idea, will be enough to achieve a good grade. All work is expected to be completed by the assigned due date at the beginning of class.

The grading scale put forth in the university catalog will be used in this course:

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Prof. Tobias Holler AIA, LEED AP tholler@nyit.edu

A Superior A - Excellent

B+ Very Good B Good

B - Competent C+ Fair

C Satisfactory, Average C - Marginal

D Unsatisfactory F Failure

I Incomplete; this will only be assigned when a student misses class with an Institute-approved absence and is unable to make up the work by the end of the term.

Preliminary Weekly Schedule PART 1 - Illumination 01/24 Class 01 Lecture: Lighting Fundamentals

Physics of Light, Light and Architecture, Quality/Quantity of Light

Studio: - 01/31 Class 02 Lecture: Light Sources, Lighting Design Process

Daylight Sources, Electric Light Sources, Energy Considerations

Studio: Handout and Explanation of Assignment 01 Architectural Daylighting Adaptation 02/07 Class 03 Lecture: Daylighting Design

Human Factors, Site Strategies, Aperture Strategies

Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 01 Architectural Daylighting Adaptation 02/14 Class 04 Lecture: Daylighting Design

Daylight Factor, Components of Daylight, Simulation Programs

Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 01 Architectural Daylighting Adaptation

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Prof. Tobias Holler AIA, LEED AP tholler@nyit.edu

02/21 Class 05 Lecture: Electric Lighting Design

Daylight Factor, Components of Daylight, Simulation Programs

Studio: Assignment 01 due Presentation and discussion of solutions

Handout and Explanation of Assignment 02 Electric Lighting Design 02/28 Class 06 Lecture: Electric Lighting Design

Daylight Factor, Components of Daylight, Simulation Programs

Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 02 Electric Lighting Design

PART 2 – Electricity 03/07 Class 07 Lecture: Principles of Electricity

Electric Energy, Units, Power and Energy, Electric Power Generation

Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 02 Electric Lighting Design 03/14 Class 08 Lecture: Electric Wiring Design

Load Estimating, Energy Conservation Considerations, Design Procedure

Studio: Assignment 02 due Presentation and discussion of solutions

Handout and Explanation of Assignment 03 Electric Wiring Design and Load Calculation 03/21 SPRING BREAK - NO CLASSES 03/28 Class 09 Lecture: Photovoltaic Systems

Design Context, Terminology, System Overview

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Prof. Tobias Holler AIA, LEED AP tholler@nyit.edu

Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 03 Electric Wiring Design and Load Calculation 04/04 Class 10 Exam 01 PART 3 – Fire Protection, Signal Systems 04/11 Class 11 Lecture: Fire Protection, Signal Systems

Resistance, Egress, Alarm Systems for Different Building Types

Studio: Assignment 03 due Presentation and discussion of solutions PART 4 – Vertical Transportation 04/18 Class 12 Lecture: Vertical Transportation

Elevator Design Principles, Equipment, Energy Conservation Considerations

Studio: Review of all assignments, Preparation for final presentation 04/25 Class 13 Lecture: Vertical Transportation, Special Topics

Freight Elevators, Hydraulic Elevators, Moving Stairways and Walks

Studio: Review of all assignments, Preparation for final presentation 05/02 Class 14 Lecture: Synthesis and Evaluation

Recap of Semester Topics, Reflection on Integrated Design Process

Studio: Final Presentation of all Assignments Presentation and discussion of solutions 05/9 MAKE UP DAY - NO CLASS 05/16 Class 15 Exam 02/Final Presentation