archaedyn2008 weller brigand etal

8/9/2019 Archaedyn2008 Weller Brigand Etal

1/15

Preprints

ARCHAEDYN

ACI "Spaces and territories" 2005-2007

Final conference - Dijon, 23-25 june 2008

7 millennia of territorial dynamics

settlement pattern, production and trades

from Neolithic to Middle Ages


2/15

ArchæDyn – Dijon, 23-25 june 2008

Conference ArchæD yn – Dijon, 23-25 june 2008

Pre-proceedings directed by

Cristina GANDINI (UMR 8546 AOROC, ENS Ulm Paris)

François FAVORY*

Lar NuNINGeR*

Organisation committee

Cristina GANDINI,

Lar SALIGNY***

Laëtitia BASSeReAu**

Jan-Marc BOuRGeON***

Brigitt COLAS**

Marion LANDRÉ****

Isabll MOuReT****

Sophi BuI****

Sylvi COSTILLe-VAReY*

Nathali PuILLeT*

Scientifc committee co-chairs

François FAVORY*

Clad MORDANT**

Lar NuNINGeR*

* UMR 6249 ChronoEnvironnement

** UMR 5594 ARTeHIS

*** MSH Dijon UMS 2739

**** MSH C. N. Ledoux, Besançon USR 3124


3/15

ACI « Spaces and territories » 2005-2007

Contract ET 28

Spatial dynamics of settlement and natural ressources :toward an integrated analysis over the long term

from Prehistory to Middle Ages

Final Conference – University of Burgundy, Dijon, 23-25 june 2008

ARCHÆDYN7 millennia of territorial dynamics

settlement pattern, production and trades from Neolithic to Middle Ages

Preprints

1Conference ArchæD yn – Dijon, 23-25 june 2008


4/15

2 Conference ArchæD yn – Dijon, 23-25 june 2008

REMERCIEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REMERCIEMENTS

Le collectif Archaedyn remercie les institutions qui ont bien voulu accepter d’accueillir lesréunions de son groupe de pilotage, de ses séminaires,de ses ateliers et son colloque nal.

Groupe de pilotage :

Université Paris IV Sorbonne, ParisINHA, ParisUMR 8546 ENS Ulm-CNRS, Paris

Tables rondes :

DRAC Franche-Comté, BesançonZRC SAZU, Ljubljana (Slovénie)MSH Clermont-Ferrand

Ateliers :

INHA, ParisMMSH Aix-en-ProvenceUMR 5594 - ArteHis DijonMSHE BesançonMSH Clermont FerrandMSH ToursUMR 6130 CEPAM, Sophia Antipolis

Colloque fnal :

Université de Bourgogne

Le collectif Archaedyn tient également à remercier individuellement tous les personnelschercheurs et administratifs qui ont fortement contribué à l’organisation de toutes ces

rencontres et assurer le recrutement des personnels vacataires.

Sylvie COSTILLE-VAREY, Nathalie PUILLET UMR 6249, BesançonMonique SEGURA UMR 6173, ToursLaëtitia BASSEREAU, Brigitte COLAS UMR 5594, DijonIsabelle MOURET, Marion LANDRE, Soizic VIAOUËT, Sophie BUI USR 3124, Besançon Jean-Marc BOURGEON UMS 2739, DijonSasa CAVAL, IAPS ZRC SAZU LjubljanaBéatrice FIXOIS UMR 7041 NanterreMartine JOLY, M. MASSE, Mme FERNOUX Univ. Paris IV / INHA, Paris

Pour le colloque nal, les organisateurs remercient également chaleureusement :- les personnels de l’Université et du Crous de Bourgogne pour leursoutien logistique et administratif et les vacataires recrutés pourcette manifestation ;

- la ville de Dijon pour la réception du 23 juin ;- Patricia ALEXANDRE pour les traductions en anglais et les relectures

des textes anglais de l’équipe ArchaeDyn, réalisée dans des délaisextrêmement courts ;

- Bertrand TURINA pour la mise en page des pré-actes, égalementréalisée dans des conditions extrêmes ;

- Christian VERNOU, conservateur du Musée archéologique et sescollaborateurs pour l’organisation de la soirée inaugurale ducolloque ;

- L’ensemble vocal « Le Laostic » et son chef de choeur, FrançoisTAINTURIER ainsi que la paroisse Saint Bénigne qui a bien vouluaccueillir leur concert.


5/15


REMERCIEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The ArchaeDyn collective thanks the institutions which have kindly agreed to receive themeetings of his supervisory committee, seminars, workshops and nal conference.

Supervisory committee:

Université Paris IV Sorbonne, ParisINHA, Paris

UMR 8546 ENS Ulm-CNRS, Paris

Round-tables:

DRAC Franche-Comté, BesançonZRC SAZU, Ljubljana (Slovenia)

MSH Clermont-Ferrand

Workshops:

INHA, ParisMMSH Aix-en-Provence

UMR 5594 - ArteHis DijonMSHE Besançon

MSH Clermont-FerrandMSH Tours

UMR 6130 CEPAM, Sophia Antipolis

Final conference:

University of Bourgogne

The Archaedyn collective would also like individually to thank all the researchers and

administrative staff who greatly contributed to the organisation of all these meetings andto assure the recruitment of the temp staff.

Sylvie COSTILLE-VAREY, Nathalie PUILLET UMR 6249, BesançonMonique SEGURA UMR 6173, Tours

Laëtitia BASSEREAU, Brigitte COLAS UMR 5594, DijonIsabelle MOURET, Marion LANDRE, Soizic VIAOUËT, Sophie BUI USR 3124, Besançon

Jean-Marc BOURGEON UMS 2739, DijonSasa CAVAL, IAPS ZRC SAZU Ljubljana

Béatrice FIXOIS UMR 7041 NanterreMartine JOLY, M. MASSE, Mme FERNOUX Univ. Paris IV / INHA, Paris

Regarding the nal conference, the organizers also warmly thank :- the University staff and the Crous of Burgundy for their

logistical and administrative support and recruited tempsfor this event ;

- the city of Dijon for the reception of the June 23 ;- Patricia ALEXANDRE for english translations and corrections

of the texts of the ArchaeDyn’s team which have been doneaccording to extremely short delays ;

- Bertrand TURINA for the layout of the preprints which havebeen done according to extreme conditions too ;

- Christian VERNOU, Curator of the archaeological Museumand his collaborators for the organisation of the inaugural

evening of the conference ;- The vocal ensemble “Laostic” and his choral leader, François

TAINTURIER as well as the Saint Bénigne parish who agreedto host their concert.


6/15

SOMMAIRE CONTENTS

2 Scientic committee2 Steering committee3 Partners6 Presentation ArchaeDyn8 Archaedyn’s members13 Acknowledgments15 Program18 Presentation concert Laostic

19 Articles

21 Introduction

23 Session 1 “Methods and tools of spatial analysis” (workgroup 4)

Communications orales Oral communications

25 L. SALigNy, L. NUNiNger, k. OStir, N. POirier, e. FOvet, C. gANDiNi, e. gAUthier, Z. kOk ALj, F. tOLLe w collaboaon of AcaDn am

Models and tools for territorial dynamic studies

45 DUCke Bnamn, krOeFgeS P C. Managing complexity the simple way: examples from GIS modelling of human

behaviour.

55 kOhLer tmoAgent-Based Modeling and its Application to Prehispanic Settlement Ecodynamics inthe Central Mesa Verde Region: Testing Optimality in Site Location in the ArchaeologicalRecord.

63 hiLPert joanna, ZiMMerMANN Andas Estimations of population densities from the Neolithic up to the 19th century: methods

and results.

71 ZiMMerMANN Andas, hiLPert joanna Interpretive dimensions and variability of population densities

79 Session 2 “Catchment areas, terroirs and community lands” (workgroup 1)


81 POirier Ncolas, geOrgeS-LerOy Mull, tOLLe Floan, FOvet els The spatio-temporal dynamic of agricultural areas, from Antiquity to modern period

(ArchaeDyn Project)

95 BArge Ol, CASteL Conn Subsistence, sustainability and population at Tell Al-Rawda: a 3rd Millennium BC town

in the Syrian steppe/ Autosufsance alimentaire et population à Tell Al-Rawda: uneville du troisieme millenaire dans la steppe syrienne

107 BiNtLiFF jon Catchments, settlement chambers and demography: case studies and general theory

in the Greek landscape from prehistory to early modern times.

Posters

119 AUSSeL Sanda, gOgUey Domnqu, PAUtrAt ys, SALigNy Lau, ChArMOt A.,MOrDANt Claud, NUNiNger Lau

Spatial analysis of archaeological sites in the Châtillonnais forests (Côte-d’Or, France).

127 FOvet els, POirier Ncolas Characterization of Agrarian Resources for Archaeological Applications (ArchaeDyn

Project).

133 Le BrAS-gOUDe gwnaëll Diet of ancient and middle Neolithic populations in the northwest of Mediterranean.

Anthropological and isotopic studies

Sommaire Content



7/15

5

Sommaire Content


139 Session 3 “Settlement patterns, networks and territories” (workgroup 2)


141 Fdqu BertONCeLLO, els FOvet, Csna gANDiNi, Fdc tréMeNt, LauNUNiNger w collaboaon of mmbs of Wooup 2

The spatio-temporal dynamics of settlement patterns from 800 BC to 800 AD in Centraland Southern Gaul: models for an interregional comparison over the long term

155 BUriLLO Fancsco, AreNAS jsús, PiCAZO jsús, OrtegA julán, POLO Clmn,viLLAgOrDO Caolna, LÓPeZ raul, SAiZ espanza

The uncorrupting mountain. Historical dynamics in the Iberian Mountain Range from5.500 B.C. to 1.800 A.D.

167 POSLUSChNy Axl GIS as a means to investigate «Princely Sites», Space and Environs. New ways to answer

old questions.

175 vAN DeN BOSSChe Bnamn, MArCigNy Cl Changing settlement patterns in the Normandy countryside.

Posters

187 kOrOBOv Dm Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst for the investigation of the system of habitation in the

Kislovodsk basin (South of Russia).

193 NOUveL P, BArrAL Plpp Rural settlement dynamic during Iron Age in Central Gaul: the excavation and

eldwalking data head to head

195 Session 4 . “Diffusion of raw materials and manufactured objects” (workgroup 3)


197 gAUthier esll, WeLLer Ol, NUNiNger Lau

ac la collaboaon d : gABiLLOt Maa, QUiLLieC Bndc, PetreQUiN P Models for the study of the consumption and the circulation of resources and products

in France and Western Europe during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age (ArchaeDynproject)

211 COrNiQUet Cla Mobility and circulation of knowledge among potters of the Arewa (South-Western

Niger): impact of the frameworks of practice on the spatial distribution of ceramics’techniques.

Posters

221 FiSCher voa Pin consumption on the shores of lake Neuchâtel (Switzerland) during the palattic

Late Bronze Age.

225 WeLLer Ol, BrigAND robn, NUNiNger LauSpatial analysis of the Salt Spring exploitation in Moldavian Pre-Carpatic Prehistory(Romania).

233 Session 5 . Synthèse/Open synthetic session

Communication orale Oral communication

235 FAvOry Fanços, NUNiNger Lau Bilan général du programme triennal ArchaeDyn/synthesis of ArchaeDyn project

ArchaeDyn 2005-2007 : ambitions, achievements and accomplishments


8/15

This paper aims at presenting part of aninterdisciplinary French-Romanian projectfocusing on the dynamics and interactionsbetween human societies and a particularmineral resource, the salt springs. The OrientalCarpathian Mountains in Romanian Moldovaoffer a perfect research area for studying the

continued exploitation of salt springs fromNeolithic times to the present. This posterfocuses on the relation between Neolithic-Chalcolithic settlements (6000-3500 BC)and distribution of salt springs in the Neamtdepartment, where we have direct evidenceof their exploitation since the Early Neolithic(Weller, Dumitroaia, 2005).

1. Objectives and methodologyIn order to better understand the evolutionof the relation between Man and the

environment, notably human settlementsand salt springs, our general approach isinterdisciplinary (Weller et al ., 2007a) andinvolves the following:- Archaeological eld-walking around

the salt springs, identifying prehistorictechniques of exploitation , chronologicaland exploitation dynamics (Weller et al., 2007b);

- Paleo-environmental analysis of pollen,charcoal and remains of soil combustion(Weller et al ., 2008a);

- Spatial analysis, using GIS to correlatearchaeological and salt resource databases,settlement networks, viewshed and access(Weller, Nuninger, 2005; Weller et al .,2008b);

- Ethnographic investigations around thesalt resources (Alexianu, Weller, 2008);

- Geological and chemical analyses of thesalt springs.

Among these approaches, this study focuseson the spatial archaeological approach

involving GIS. The aim is to explore: 1) howdid the salt springs, exploited or not, impactthe settlement patterns during the Neolithicand Chalcolithic periods; 2) what are theways in which the salt resources, productionand circulation were controlled.

2. Settlement patterns overtimesThe rst step of this project aims at analysingthe relationship between settlementpatterns and the distribution of salt springsover time. Our GIS includes an archaeologicaldatabase (241 sites and 79 springs of which58 are salty and 8 are exploited) mainly basedon eldwork records (GPS measurements),a digital elevation model with a resolutionof 25 m made from satellite imagery by K.Ostir (IASS, ZRC SAZU, Slovenia) and theadministrative district map on the levelof the village (M. Consinschi, University ofLausanne).

First, we developed a mapping approach

based on municipality units for the Neamtdepartment (area 2, g. 1). Using a selectionof reliable archaeological sites (184 out of241), we attempted to show the relationshipbetween the settlement density and the


SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SALT SPRINGS EXPLOITATIONIN MOLDAVIAN PRE-CARPATIC PREHISTORY (ROMANIA)

OlivierWeLLer 1, Robin Brigand2 and Laure nuninger 2

1Protohistoire européenne, UMR 7041 ArScAn, CNRS-Universités Paris I et Paris X

[email protected]

2Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249, LEA ModeLTER, CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté[email protected]

[email protected]

This paper presents the rst results of the spatial analysis concerning the dynamics and interaction betweensettlement patterns from the Neolithic to Chalcolithic times (6000-3500 BC) and a particular mineral re-source exploited since the Early Neolithic, the salt springs in the Oriental Carpathian Mountains. Using kerneldensities and viewsheds, we propose some natural and anthropological factors which structure this regionalterritory.

Abstract:

Key words :

Settlement patterns, salt spring, Neolithic-Chalcolithic, Romania, Moldova


9/15

number of salt springs (g. 2). With theexception of the area of the CarpathianMountains, where the archaeologicalinventory is probably less reliable, this rstmap shows interesting results. In general,during the period studied, the high occupationdensity of salt springs is undoubtedly to thedetriment of alluvial plains in the east andthe Carpathian Mountains on the southwest.In detail, in the Pre-Carpathian Mountains,even if the higher number of salt springs isusually located within a settlement of highdensity, there is no strict correlation andsome highly inhabited areas do not have

any salt resources in their vicinity. Regardingoccupation type, the settlements on highposition are well linked to the location of saltsprings. Such observations suggest a specicorganisation of the settlement pattern

which is in all likelihood associated to thesalt resource economy, but probably complexand not directly linked to the exploitation ofsalt springs.

The settlement pattern changes over time(g. 3) were quantied by using mappingand the kernel density estimation method(KDE) to improve the rst approach in theCarpathian foothills (area 1, g. 1). The KDEmethod provides an estimation of densityfor a surface using the value from a startingpoint which decreases as soon as the distanceincreases, and according to the model of

curve chosen (kernel function). The kernelfunction used is based on a quadratic kernelfunction (Silverman, 1986). Since the resultof the analysis is not strongly inuenced bythe kernel function as long as the function

Fig. 1: Study areas inRomania

Weller, Brigand & nuninger Spatial analysis of salt springs exploitation in moldavian pre-carpatic prehistory


Fig. 2: Settlementdensity and saltsprings


10/15

is symmetrical (Silverman, 1978), we did notdo any tests with other kernel functions. Onthe other hand, the choice of the width ofthe window and the radius is very important(Silverman, 1978). Since our approach wasexploratory, we used the graphical methoddened by F. Tolle, ThéMA (UMR 6049) todetermine the optimal radius. Thus, the nalchoice in our case was a radius between1.5 and 2 km (g.3). The results show thatmost of the salt springs are located inprehistoric settlements of higher densityduring the entire period. In reality, theNeolithic archaeological sites show the mainbackground tendencies which insure theChalcolithic demographic development.

The same KDE method was used to computedensity per chrono-cultural period (about 1millennium for each period). By subtractingthe values of the KDEs of the Middle-LateNeolithic (5300-4600 BC) from these ofthe Cucutenian period (4600-3500 BC),an overview of the settlement patterndynamics is obtained according to itsstability or instability (g. 4). The main axesof circulation and a majority of the highlysalted springs are the object of settlementdensication, in particular during the rstperiod of Cucuteni (4600-4000 BC).

227



Fig. 3: Spring salinity and occupation density between6000-3500 BC

Fig. 4: Settlement dynamics between 5300 and 3500 BC


11/15

Fig. 5: Fortiedvillages, settlementsand salt springs



Fig. 6: Viewshedanalysis: 2 types ofvisual control


12/15

229



3. Territorial control

A qualitative approach is in progress in orderto qualify the type of control practised on saltresources, production and circulation. First,we mapped the distribution of salt springs,with or without archaeological remains ofexploitation, and the distribution of highground settlements in area 1 (g. 5). Directand systematic links were not observed,except in some cases.

With the 25 m Digital Elevation Model, asimple viewshed analysis was processedfrom the perspective of archaeological sites.The preliminary results show that two modesof visual control can be dened: 1) a directvisual control of the salt springs (exampleof Cetatuia promontory village, g. 6-left);2) an indirect visual control which impacts

the main access (example of Tazlau valley,g. 6-right). In this last case, the fortied

sites of Cucuteni A located on the right andleft sides of the Tazlau River (Cetatuia andLa Coboras) were taken into account. Theirvisibilities were overlaid to dene the visualcontrol area. The visual control of the saltsprings is null from both settlements, evenfrom the exploited ones where archaeologicalremains have been found, but the control ofthe Tazlau Valley and the access to the salt

spring valley seems to be optimal. A thirdone, a promontory settlement, within thevisual control of both main settlements, iswell located to control a secondary access tothe salt spring. It is probably an intermediatesettlement which served as a relay for moreaccurate territorial control.

This preliminary analysis has to be improvedby testing several types of viewshedprocessing, and generalized for all the studyareas in order to characterize the visualsystem of control (hierarchical organizationof sites according to the size of visual space,the number of visible sites and the numberof sites which can be seen from each site).

On the scale of the Pre-Carpatic Mountains,the results of the spatial analysis suggest thatthe Chalcolithic occupation (4600-3500 BC)integrates a complex settlement patternin which the network and hierarchicalorganization of settlement has to berecognized. Apprehending these networks,still in its forward-looking phase, brings tolight the importance of areas under visual

control or densely inhabited, even if thereis no direct relationship with the locationof salt springs. In a region known for theimportant economical role of salt (Weller,Dumitroaia, 2005; Alexianu, Weller, 2008),the study of such “disconnected” areas ispromising for territorial issues since theirpresence likely underlines a high level ofsocial organisation.


13/15



230

This project has been supported since 2004 by the CNRS (Humanities Department), the French Foreign Ofce andthe University of Franche-Comté, and is developed in association with the Museum of History and Archaeologyin Piatra Neamt, the Al.I. Cuza University and the Archaeological Institute in Iasi (Romania). This English versionwas revised thanks to the support of the ArchaeDyn programme.

Acknowledgments

A, W, B (in press) Alexianu M., Weller O., Brigand R. – Usages et enjeux autourdes sources salées de Moldavie précarpatique, Roumanie. In :O. Weller and al . (eds.), Sel, eau et forêt : hier et aujourd’hui .Colloque international, Saline royale d’Arc-et-Senans, 2006.Besançon, Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, Cahiersde la MSH Ledoux (coll. Homme et environnement, 1).

S Silverman B. W. – Choosing the window width when

estimating a density, Biometrika , 65-1 : 1-11.

S Silverman B. W. – Density Estimation for Statistics and Data

Analysis . Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability,London, Chapman and Hall.

W, B, A Weller O., Brigand R., Alexianu M. – Cercetari sistematiceasupra izvoarelor de apa sarata din Moldova, Memoria

Antiquitatis , XXIV.

W, B, N, D, M

(in press) Weller O., Brigand R., Nuninger L., Dumitroaia Gh., MonahD. – Analyses et modélisation spatiale autour des sourcessalées de Moldavie précarpatique durant la Préhistoire. In :N. Morère Molinero (ed.), Las salinas y la sal de interior enla historia : economía, medioambiente y sociedad , colloqueinternational, Sigüenza, 2006. Madrid, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-Dykinson.

W, D Weller O., Dumitroaia Gh. – Te earliest salt production inthe world : an early Neolithic exploitation in Poiana Slatinei -Lunca, Romania, Antiquity , 79 (306). www.antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/weller/index.html

W, D, M, N

Weller O., Dumitroaia Gh., Monah D, Nuninger L. –L’exploitation des sources salées en Moldavie : un exemplede ressource structurante du territoire depuis le Néolithique.In : D. Monah and al. (eds.), L’exploitation du sel à travers letemps. Colloque international de Piatra Neamt (Roumanie),2004. Piatra Neamt, Bibliotheca Memoriae Antiquitatis, XVIII : 99-113.

W, D, S, D, G,

M.

(in press)

Weller O., Dumitroaia Gh., Sordoillet D., Dufraisse A.,Gauthier E., Munteanu R. – Première exploitation desel en Europe : echniques et gestion de l’exploitationde la source salée de Poiana Slatinei à Lunca (Neamt,Roumanie). In : O. Weller and al . (eds.), Sel, eau et forêt :hier et aujourd’hui . Colloque international, Salines royalesd’Arc-et-Senans, 2006. Besançon, Presses Universitaires deFranche-Comté, Cahiers de la MSH Ledoux (coll. Hommeet environnement, 1).

W, N Weller O., Nuninger L. – Les eaux salées de Moldavieroumaine : étude interdisciplinaire autour d’une ressourcestructurante du territoire. In : J.F. Berger and al . (eds.), Tempset espaces de l’Homme en société, analyses et modèles spatiauxen archéologie . XXVe Rencontres internationales d’Histoireet d’Archéologie d’Antibes, 2004. Juan-les-Pins, APDCA :511-516.

Bibliography


14/15

231


Colloque ArchæDyn – Dijon, 23-25 june 2008


15/15

IAPSUMR 6042 GEOLABUMR 6130 CEPAM

UMR 6173 CITERES UMR 6573 Centre C. JullianUMR 7041 ArScan

Program's financial partners

Ministère de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Program's partnersUMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Besançon (MSHE C. N. Ledoux)

UMR 5594 ARTeHIS, Dijon (MSH Patrimoine, Espace, Mutation)

UMR 6042 GEOLAB, Clermont Ferrand et EA 1001, CHEC (MSH)

UMR 6130 CEPAM, Nice/Sophia-Antipolis (MSH Nice)

UMR 6173 CITERES, Tours (MSH Ville et territoires)

UMR 6573 Centre Camille Jullian, Aix-en-Provence (MMSH)

UMR 7041 ArScAn, Paris X Nanterre (MAE René Ginouvès)

APS, ZRC-SAZU, Ljubljana (Slovénie)

Réseau ISA (Information Spatiale et Archéologie)

Conference's financial partners

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique


MSH Dijon (UMS 2739)

MSHE Besançon (USR 3124)

Région Bourgogne

Région Franche-Comté

Ville de Dijon

Conference's organizers

ARTeHIS (UMR 5594)MSH Dijon (UMS 2739)

Chrono-Environnement (UMR 6249)

MSHE Besançon (USR 3124)

in collaboration with


Réseau ISA (Information Spatiale et Archéologie)

Conference's sponsorsESRI France

D3E Electronique

ACI "Spaces and territories" 2005-2007

Archaedyn (contract ET28)

Spatial dynamics of settlement and natural ressources :

toward an integrated analysis over the long term from Prehistory to Middle-Ages

archaedyn2008 weller brigand etal

Documents