ArchitectureArchitecture

By:By:

Eric AugustineEric Augustine

Period 6 apPeriod 6 ap

Chapters 1-3Chapters 1-3

The anasazisThe anasazis

• Lived in pueblos- Spanish for towns• Pueblos were clustered around central plazas with

circular underground kivas.• Made canals flowing from mountain catchment bases• Stone and adobe dwellings built along cliff walls• Constructed with bricks made from sand, clay, and water

with some fibrous or organic material• Known for their pottery• Pottery was used for cooking or storage • Pottery was usually painted black designs on white or

light gray backgrounds

European Community’sEuropean Community’s

• Rural Europeans lived in family households clustered in farming villages

• Land was divided into hundreds of small territories, each ruled by a family of lords.

• Noble lords lived in great estates and castles

First communities of new franceFirst communities of new france

• Encouraged families to settle along the narrow belt of fertile land along the St. Lawrence

• With the buildings that they built, manor house of the lord, the catholic churchand a couple public buildings, it resembled the towns of northern france

Mississippian cultureMississippian culture

• Constructed large earthwork pyramid mounds, or platform mounds

• Usually square, rectangular, or sometimes circular

• Houses temples, burial buildings, and others were usually constructed at the top of the mounds.

CahokiaCahokia

• Urban cluster of about 30,000 people• Its farm fields were made up of corn, beans, and

pumpkins, crops Europeans had never seen• There was a temple, a huge pyramid, covered 15 acres

at its base and rose up to about 10 stories high• On the top were sacred residences of chiefs and priests• A wall surrounded the ceremonial core of the city• thousands of homes formed neighborhoods• 20,000 residents more populous than London.• Had a huge central plaza, like a downtown.• With pyramids and platforms• Thousands of homes in the area formed neighborhoods

5 terms 5 terms

1. Pueblos- communities that consisted of apartment-like structures made from stone, adobe mud, and other local material. These structures were usually multi-storied buildings surrounding an open plaza and were occupied by hundreds to thousands of Pueblo People.

2. Fertile land- Producing fruit or vegetation in abundance; fruitful able to produce abundantly.

1. Urban- Of, relating to, or located in a city.

2. Temple- A building dedicated to religious ceremonies or worship.

3. Noble-  Having or showing qualities of high moral character, such as courage, generosity, or honor.

Two people that pertain to Two people that pertain to architecturearchitecture

• Samuel de Champlain- in 1605, he helped establish the outpost of Port Royal on what is now Nova Scotia, he also found the town of Quebec at a site strategically located so that he could intercept the traffic in furs to the Atlantic.

• Pope of San Juan Pueblo- Spanish rule of the Pueblo Indians of the Rio Grande valley of New Mexico began in 1598. Although they numbered 40,000 to 80,000 people at that time, the many independent towns, often speaking different languages and hostile to each other were unable to unite in opposition to the Spanish.

10 multiple choice questions for 10 multiple choice questions for chapters 1-3chapters 1-3

1. What was the name of the home the Anasazis lived in?mud house’s b the manor house c pueblos d flannels answer-c

2. what were the Anasazi’s walls constructed with?A bricks b wood c concrete d metal answer- a

3.What were the Anasazis known for?defeating a clan of aliens b their pottery c their women d their pets answer-

b

4. With the buildings that the French built, what part of France did it resemble? A northern b southern c eastern d western answer- a

5. what culture constructed large platform mounds or earthwork pyramid mounds?

A the Egyptians b the French c the Italians d the Mississippians Answer- d

6. the mound could be found as a square, rectangular or sometimes a/an ___________ shape?

A circular b octagon c ugly d pentagon answer-a

7.one of the two examples of what was constructed on top of these mounds is…

A a cross b statue c burial buildings d a plaque of who was buried in them. Answer-c

8. How many stories high was the Cahokia pyramid?A 3 b 4 c 9 d 10 answer- d

9 what surrounded the ceremonial core of the Cahokia city?A. A moat b. wall c forests’ d the French! Answer-b

10. What was on top of the Cahokia pyramids?A names of every tribe member b sacred residences of chiefs and

priests c. fountain of youth d sacred fruit answer- b

Reference/ works cited:Reference/ works cited:

• Out of Many Author- John Faragher, Mari Jo Buhle

• http//:www.wikipedia.org

• http//:www.thefreedictionary.com

Chapters 4-6Chapters 4-6

Slave plantations 1700’s- Slave plantations 1700’s- page 86page 86

On the slave house on rice On the slave house on rice plantations, had steep roofs plantations, had steep roofs on the slave cabins, which is on the slave cabins, which is an African architectural an African architectural feature introduced in America feature introduced in America by slave builders.by slave builders.

Kept living quarters cool down Kept living quarters cool down by allowing the heat to rise by allowing the heat to rise and dissipate in theand dissipate in the rafters rafters..

Dark colored roof which I Dark colored roof which I assume was used to make assume was used to make the heat rise up easier to the heat rise up easier to escape through the rafters. escape through the rafters.

Built in 1714 by Thomas Built in 1714 by Thomas Broughton.Broughton.

one of the earliest plantation one of the earliest plantation homes in the United Stateshomes in the United States

Very small compared to the Very small compared to the manor house.manor house.

Appears to be a dark green Appears to be a dark green as the roof and a light brown as the roof and a light brown as the rest of the cabin.as the rest of the cabin.

No windows in the cabins.No windows in the cabins. Cabins appear as huts, brought Cabins appear as huts, brought

design from Africa.design from Africa. Manor houseManor house is more than triple is more than triple

the size of each individual cabin.the size of each individual cabin. Also has a dark roof and light Also has a dark roof and light

colored walls. colored walls. Many windows.Many windows. Has a steep rood for either the Has a steep rood for either the

heat as well or can be for snow to heat as well or can be for snow to fall off easier. Depending on fall off easier. Depending on where this plantation is locatedwhere this plantation is located

As well as the cabins, the manor As well as the cabins, the manor house appears to have a couple house appears to have a couple rafters.rafters.

Two stories, most likely brought Two stories, most likely brought the design from Britain. the design from Britain.

Manor house is placed facing the Manor house is placed facing the cabins, I believe this is so the cabins, I believe this is so the owner or “master” can see what owner or “master” can see what the slaves are doing.the slaves are doing.

Built in 1714 by Thomas Built in 1714 by Thomas Broughton.Broughton.

One of the earliest plantation One of the earliest plantation homes in the United States.homes in the United States.

Architecture of London’s old Architecture of London’s old Custom house Quay- page Custom house Quay- page 9393

Made mostly of bricks to stay strong for storms Made mostly of bricks to stay strong for storms or floods.or floods.

Built high up not across to avoid possible Built high up not across to avoid possible floods from storms.floods from storms.

Slanted roof to allow rain to fall off easily to Slanted roof to allow rain to fall off easily to prevent leaks in roof. prevent leaks in roof.

Multiple windows for light to pass throughMultiple windows for light to pass through Also built up to be able to spot incoming ships Also built up to be able to spot incoming ships

to dock on the port.to dock on the port. Partially made of woodPartially made of wood Located directly on the Located directly on the seawall.seawall.

Kahnawake architecture- Kahnawake architecture- page 105page 105

Community of Catholic Indians that lived Community of Catholic Indians that lived like Deerfield, located in Montreal.like Deerfield, located in Montreal.

Farming town of about fifty or sixty Farming town of about fifty or sixty homes clustered around a central church.homes clustered around a central church.

Surrounded by Surrounded by stockadestockade to protect it from to protect it from enemy raiders.enemy raiders.

Church of San Xavier del Church of San Xavier del Bac- Page 110Bac- Page 110

Acclaimed as the most striking example of Acclaimed as the most striking example of Spanish colonial architecture in the United Spanish colonial architecture in the United States. States.

Has a white, Has a white, MoorishMoorish- inspired design. - inspired design. Decorated EntranceDecorated Entrance   No records of the architect, builders, No records of the architect, builders,

craftsmen and artisans responsible for creating craftsmen and artisans responsible for creating and decorating it are known.and decorating it are known.

Labor was provided by Indians, and many Labor was provided by Indians, and many believe they provided most of the artisans as believe they provided most of the artisans as well.well.

  Interior is decorated with ornaments.Interior is decorated with ornaments.

The house of the Seven The house of the Seven Gables in Salem- page Gables in Salem- page 113113

Constructed in 17th Constructed in 17th centurycentury

““In this style of In this style of Architecture, function Architecture, function prevailed over form as prevailed over form as structures grew to structures grew to accommodate their accommodate their residents”residents”

Rooms were added Rooms were added where and when they where and when they were neededwere needed

Style came from Style came from EnglandEngland

Wood for building was Wood for building was scarce, but the scarce, but the abundance of forests in abundance of forests in north America created north America created the conditions for an age the conditions for an age of wood construction.of wood construction.

Very steep roofs to Very steep roofs to prevent snow damage, prevent snow damage, allowed snow to easily allowed snow to easily slide off to not break slide off to not break roofsroofs

Multiple stories highMultiple stories high Made out of dense woodMade out of dense wood Has a couple of Has a couple of

chimneys made of what chimneys made of what appears to be bricks, for appears to be bricks, for the winters to provide the winters to provide warmth warmth

Many windowsMany windows

5 terms that pertains to 5 terms that pertains to architecturearchitecture

Rafters- one of a series of sloped structural Rafters- one of a series of sloped structural members (beams), that extend from the ridge or hip to members (beams), that extend from the ridge or hip to the down slope perimeter or eave, designed to support the down slope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.the roof deck and its associated loads.

Manor House- The main house on an estate; a Manor House- The main house on an estate; a mansionmansion

Seawall- An embankment to prevent erosion of a Seawall- An embankment to prevent erosion of a shoreline.shoreline.

Stockade- A defensive barrier made of strong posts or Stockade- A defensive barrier made of strong posts or timbers driven upright side by side into the groundtimbers driven upright side by side into the ground

Moorish-  a style of architecture common in Spain from Moorish-  a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by horseshoe-the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by horseshoe-shaped archesshaped arches

Two people that pertain Two people that pertain to Architecture to Architecture

Eunice Williams- like Eunice Williams- like the other Deerfield the other Deerfield captives, lived at captives, lived at Kahnawake. an English Kahnawake. an English colonist taken captive colonist taken captive by French and Mohawkby French and Mohawk warriors as a seven- warriors as a seven-year-old girl year-old girl from Deerfield,from Deerfield,

  Massachusetts in 1704.Massachusetts in 1704.

Thomas Broughton- Thomas Broughton- built the Mulberry built the Mulberry plantation in 1714 and plantation in 1714 and soon became the Royal soon became the Royal governor of South governor of South Carolina.Carolina.

Multiple choice questions Multiple choice questions

1. Who Built the Mulberry Plantation? 1. Who Built the Mulberry Plantation? Thomas Edison b. George WashingtonThomas Edison b. George Washingtonc. Thomas Broughton d. The boogie manc. Thomas Broughton d. The boogie mananswer- canswer- c

22. . What was London’s old Custom house Quay made of?What was London’s old Custom house Quay made of?a. all wood b. all concrete c. bricks d. metala. all wood b. all concrete c. bricks d. metalanswer-canswer-c

3. Where was the house of the Seven Gables located?3. Where was the house of the Seven Gables located?a. north pole b. Salem c. Boston d Manhattana. north pole b. Salem c. Boston d Manhattananswer- banswer- b

4. The Church of San Xavier del Bac had a _______ design.4. The Church of San Xavier del Bac had a _______ design.a. Moorish b. Jewish C Native American d. Yankeea. Moorish b. Jewish C Native American d. Yankeeanswer- aanswer- a

5. Where were the Kahnawake located?5. Where were the Kahnawake located?a. South pole b New York c Montreal d Salema. South pole b New York c Montreal d Salemanswer is canswer is c

6 there were no ____ in the cabins for slaves on plantations.6 there were no ____ in the cabins for slaves on plantations.A windows b doors c roofs d petsA windows b doors c roofs d petsAnswer- aAnswer- a

7. the cabins on plantations were very ____ compared to the Manor house.7. the cabins on plantations were very ____ compared to the Manor house.A. small b dark c large d bright A. small b dark c large d bright Answer- aAnswer- a

8 The slaves slept in ______8 The slaves slept in ______A comfy dorms b motels c The manor house d small cabins A comfy dorms b motels c The manor house d small cabins answer- danswer- d

9. The cabin’s roofs were very.9. The cabin’s roofs were very.A steep b flat c large d light colored A steep b flat c large d light colored Answer- aAnswer- a

10. London’s old Custom house Quay was built high to protect from10. London’s old Custom house Quay was built high to protect fromA Godzilla b King Kong c mudslides d floodsA Godzilla b King Kong c mudslides d floodsAnswer- dAnswer- d

ReferenceReference

Out Of Many Out Of Many authors- John Faragher, Mari Jo authors- John Faragher, Mari Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, and Susan H. ArmitageBuhle, Daniel Czitrom, and Susan H. Armitage

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafter http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/

Mission_San_Xavier_del_BacMission_San_Xavier_del_Bac http://www.thefreedictionary.com/manorhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/manor http://www.thefreedictionary.com/seawallhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/seawall http://www.thefreedictionary.com/moorishhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/moorish http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice_Williamshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice_Williams

Chapters 7-8Chapters 7-8

Bank of North America- 1781, page Bank of North America- 1781, page 177 177

Samuel Blogdett made the design for the Bank of America, he was the Samuel Blogdett made the design for the Bank of America, he was the superintendent of buildings for the capital in Washington, DC.superintendent of buildings for the capital in Washington, DC.

Made of stone.Made of stone. Very large and tall building for its time.Very large and tall building for its time. Has large pillars in the front on the steps for support of the massive Has large pillars in the front on the steps for support of the massive

building.building. Has many windows for lighting, 13 just in the front.Has many windows for lighting, 13 just in the front. Has many designs on the building such as the pillars in the front are Has many designs on the building such as the pillars in the front are

ridged, there is a picture at the top displaying a bird and other items. ridged, there is a picture at the top displaying a bird and other items. All white.All white. Has a white painted railing at the top of the roof. Has a white painted railing at the top of the roof. Has 2 chimneys to produce heat for the cold.Has 2 chimneys to produce heat for the cold. At the top, it has engraved into it, Founded A: D: MDCCXCV.At the top, it has engraved into it, Founded A: D: MDCCXCV. Has 6 pillars on the front steps.Has 6 pillars on the front steps. Tallest building in Pennsylvania at that time.Tallest building in Pennsylvania at that time. Two stories. Two stories. Flat roof. You didn’t have to worry about this building falling down Flat roof. You didn’t have to worry about this building falling down

because of snow at that time because it is so massive compared to the because of snow at that time because it is so massive compared to the buildings at that time.buildings at that time.

The Monticello The Monticello

Located in Charlottesville, VirginiaLocated in Charlottesville, Virginia The estate of Thomas JeffersonThe estate of Thomas Jefferson Built in 1772Built in 1772 Thomas Jefferson was the architect Thomas Jefferson was the architect Style was neoclassical architecture.Style was neoclassical architecture. Even the interior was all of Jefferson’s ideas himself. Even the interior was all of Jefferson’s ideas himself. The south wing includes Jefferson's private suite of rooms.The south wing includes Jefferson's private suite of rooms. beds were built into alcoves cut into thick walls that beds were built into alcoves cut into thick walls that

contain storage spacecontain storage space On the south end, there was A row of outhouse buildings On the south end, there was A row of outhouse buildings

and slave dwellings known as Mulberry Row.and slave dwellings known as Mulberry Row. The house was the center of a plantation of 5,000 acresThe house was the center of a plantation of 5,000 acres About 150 slaves on the plantationAbout 150 slaves on the plantation Has 6 pillars on the front steps for supportHas 6 pillars on the front steps for support Made of bricks with a little wood for detail outlining Made of bricks with a little wood for detail outlining Outlining was painted white.Outlining was painted white. Appears to have a basement as well as a balcony on the Appears to have a basement as well as a balcony on the

second floor.second floor.

Independence hall/ State House Independence hall/ State House

located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvanialocated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania location where both the Declaration of Independence and location where both the Declaration of Independence and

the United States Constitution were debated and chosen.the United States Constitution were debated and chosen. Also called the State house.Also called the State house. completed in 1753completed in 1753 Was the meeting place for the Second Continental Was the meeting place for the Second Continental

Congress from 1775 to 1783Congress from 1775 to 1783 Home to the liberty bellHome to the liberty bell Has a clock on its tower on the roofHas a clock on its tower on the roof Main building is 2 stories high with multiple windows.Main building is 2 stories high with multiple windows. Made of bricksMade of bricks designed with a Georgian style designed with a Georgian style designed by Edmund Woolley and Andrew Hamiltondesigned by Edmund Woolley and Andrew Hamilton Built by Edmund WoolleyBuilt by Edmund Woolley 135 feet tall(from highest point)135 feet tall(from highest point)

Charles Willson Peale Charles Willson Peale

Born April 15, 1741, died February 22, 1827Born April 15, 1741, died February 22, 1827 American painter, and naturalist.American painter, and naturalist. born in Chester, Marylandborn in Chester, Maryland 1776, Peale painted portraits of American notables 1776, Peale painted portraits of American notables

and visitors from overseas on the capital of and visitors from overseas on the capital of Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.

organized the first U.S. scientific expedition in organized the first U.S. scientific expedition in 1801. 1801.

Owned a museum, Philadelphia Museum, and was Owned a museum, Philadelphia Museum, and was later renamed the Peale Museumlater renamed the Peale Museum

Has many notable works.Has many notable works.

Massachusetts State House Massachusetts State House

Located in Boston, MassachusettsLocated in Boston, Massachusetts Built in 1795Built in 1795 The building is on 6.7 acres of landThe building is on 6.7 acres of land It was built on land once owned by John HancockIt was built on land once owned by John Hancock Charles Bulfinch was the architectCharles Bulfinch was the architect Inspired by two London buildings, William Chambers's Inspired by two London buildings, William Chambers's

Somerset House, and James Wyatt's Pantheon.Somerset House, and James Wyatt's Pantheon. The dome, at the top, was originally made of wood. But The dome, at the top, was originally made of wood. But

leaked, so it was covered with copper.leaked, so it was covered with copper. The dome was first painted grayThe dome was first painted gray Made of bricks.Made of bricks. The dome is now gilded in 23 karat gold.The dome is now gilded in 23 karat gold. The second floor under the dome is decorated by muralsThe second floor under the dome is decorated by murals 2 stories tall with many windows.2 stories tall with many windows. Has a federal architectural style.Has a federal architectural style.

Two people that pertain to Two people that pertain to architecture architecture

Thomas Jefferson-Thomas Jefferson- the the third President of the third President of the United States, and the United States, and the principal author of the principal author of the Declaration of Declaration of Independence. Also the Independence. Also the architect for his architect for his building, the building, the Monticello.Monticello.

Benjamin west-Benjamin west- first first American to achieve American to achieve prominence in the prominence in the artistic world of Europe. artistic world of Europe. The second president of The second president of the Royal Academy in the Royal Academy in London. Painted London. Painted Benjamin Franklin’s Benjamin Franklin’s portrait.portrait.

5 terms 5 terms Pillar- architectural element similar to a column in its role Pillar- architectural element similar to a column in its role

as a vertical support structure, but the base section is any as a vertical support structure, but the base section is any shape but circular.shape but circular.

neoclassical architecture- an architectural style produced neoclassical architecture- an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century.century.

Portrait- a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic Portrait- a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person.representation of a person.

Debate- a formal method of interactive and Debate- a formal method of interactive and representational argument.representational argument.

Gild- decorative technique for applying fine gold leaf or Gild- decorative technique for applying fine gold leaf or powder to solid surfaces such as wood, stone, or metal to powder to solid surfaces such as wood, stone, or metal to give a thin coating of gold.give a thin coating of gold.

Multiple choice questions Multiple choice questions

1. Who made the design for the bank of America?1. Who made the design for the bank of America?William forge b. Samuel blogdett c. George William forge b. Samuel blogdett c. George

Washington d none of the above answer- bWashington d none of the above answer- b2. what was the bank of north America made out of?2. what was the bank of north America made out of?A metal b wood c brick d stone answer- dA metal b wood c brick d stone answer- d3. what state is the Monticello located in?3. what state is the Monticello located in?A Florida b Virginia c New york d new jersey answer A Florida b Virginia c New york d new jersey answer

–b–b4. about how many slaves lived on the Monticello 4. about how many slaves lived on the Monticello

plantation?plantation?A 23.5 b 55 c 5000 d 150 answer- dA 23.5 b 55 c 5000 d 150 answer- d5. What state is the State house located in?5. What state is the State house located in?A Pennsylvania b Florida c new york d none of the A Pennsylvania b Florida c new york d none of the

above answer- aabove answer- a

6 what another name for the state house?6 what another name for the state house? A. the big cumfy couch b independence hall c hall A. the big cumfy couch b independence hall c hall

of ordinance d a and c answer- bof ordinance d a and c answer- b 7 what is the state house made of? 7 what is the state house made of? A wood b stone c tiles d brick answer- brickA wood b stone c tiles d brick answer- brick 8 what is the State house home to?8 what is the State house home to? a.a. Boston fans b. liberty bell c declaration of Boston fans b. liberty bell c declaration of

independence d all the above answer- bindependence d all the above answer- b 9 Originally, what was the dome of the 9 Originally, what was the dome of the

Massachusetts’ state house made of? Massachusetts’ state house made of? A wood b silver c gold d monkey skin answer- aA wood b silver c gold d monkey skin answer- a 10. what color was the dome first painted?10. what color was the dome first painted? A grey b purple c red d blue answer- aA grey b purple c red d blue answer- a

Reference Reference

Out of many, Out of many, Authors- John Faragher, Mari Jo Authors- John Faragher, Mari Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, Susan H. ArmitageBuhle, Daniel Czitrom, Susan H. Armitage

Http://www.wikipedia.orgHttp://www.wikipedia.org http://www.freedictionary.comhttp://www.freedictionary.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

First_Bank_of_the_United_StatesFirst_Bank_of_the_United_States http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/

commons/a/a2/commons/a/a2/Thomas_Jefferson's_Monticello_Estate.jpgThomas_Jefferson's_Monticello_Estate.jpg