architecture faq
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9I ARCHITECTURE FAQ
1. What is an Oracle Server
Oracle server is a database management system which consists of an
oracle instance and an oracle database.
2. What is an Oracle Instance
Instance is a combination of SGA and background processes.
3. What is an Oracle database
Oracle database consists of database files which provides the physicalstorage for database information .
4. What is SGA
System Global Area used to store database information that is shared by database
processes.
5. What are the mandatory background processes
SMON, PMON, DBWR, LGWR, CKPT.
6. What are the components of SGA
Shared pool, Database buffer cache, Redo log buffer, Large pool, Java pool.
7. What does shared pool contain
Shared pool contains most recently executed SQL statementsMost recently used data definitions.
8. What does database buffer cache contain
It contains copies of data blocks that have been retrieved from the datafiles.
9. What does redo log buffer contain
Redo log buffer records all changes made to the data for recovery purpose.
10.What is the function of SMON
SMON performs instance recovery by roll forwarding the committed asWell as uncommitted transactions and rollbacks the uncommitted transactions.Colease free space in datafiles.
11. What is the function of PMON
PMON cleans up after failed processes by rolling back the user’s current transactions,Releases table or row locks, resources held by user processes, restarts the deadDispatchers.
12. What is the function of DBWR
DBWR writes dirty buffers (buffers which are modified but not yet written to
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Datafiles.) from buffer cache to datafiles.
13. What is the function of LGWR
LGWR writes the data from redo log buffer to redo log files.
14. What is the purpose of checkpoint Purpose of checkpoint is to make sure that all the buffers in the buffer cache that wereModified prior to point in time have been written to the datafiles.
15. When does DBWR writes dirty buffers from buffer cache to datafiles
When a check point occursWhen dirty buffers reach thresh holdWhen time out occursWhen a tablespace is taken offlineWhen a tablespace is taken to read onlyWhen a tablespace is kept in begin backup mode
When a table is dropped or truncatedWhen the database is shutdown.
16. When does LGWR writes to redo log files
When redo log buffer is one third fullWhen a commit occursBefore DBWR writes to datafilesEvery 3 secondsWhen there is 1MB of redo in redo log buffer
17. What is a parameter file
Parameter file defines the characteristics of the instance
18. What are the types of parameter files
Pfile, spfile
19. What is the difference between pfile and spfile
Pfile is a text file , spfile is a binary fileChanges to entries in pfile take effect on the next startupChanges to entries in spfile are persistent across startup and shutdown
20. What is the default location of pfile
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
21. What is the use of control file?what information it contain?
Control file is used to maintain the integrity of the database.It contains informationLike database name, timestamp of database creation, tablespace names, location of Datafiles and redo log files, checkpoint information, current redo log sequence Number
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22. What are the logical structures of the database
Tablespaces, segments, extente, blocks
23. What is a tablespace
Tablespace is a logical structure of the database that consists of one or more datafiles
24. What is a segment
Segment is a space allocated for a specific object within a tablespace
25. What is an extent
An extent is a set of contiguous oracle blocks
26. What is an oracle block
Block is a smallest unit of storage for read write operations.
27. What is the default standard block size in 9i
8k
28. What are the parameters for sizing the buffer cache,shared pool,redo log buffer
Db_cache_size, shared_pool_size, log_buffer
29. What is a password file
Password file authenticates privileged users to start up and shut down an oracleInstance
30. What is an archived redo log file
Archived redo log files are offline copies of the redo log files that are necessary for Recovery from media failures.
31. What is a session
A session is a specific connection of a user to an oracle server
32. What is PGA
Memory reserved for each user process connecting to an oracle database
33. What Is dedicated server
Server process handles the request of a single user process in dedicated server
34. What is shared server
In shared server, multiple server process handles the requests of several user Processes
35. What is server process
Server process is a program which interacts directly with oracle server
36. What is user process
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User process is a program which requestsinteraction with the oracle server
37. How can we control the size of SGA
SGA_MAX_SIZE parameter can control the size of sga.