arcs model of motvational design

8/9/2019 ARCS Model of Motvational Design

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EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ARCSMODEL OF MOTIVATIONAL

DESIGN (KELLER)1. ATTENTIONA .Perceptual arousal

B. Inquiry arousalMethods for grabbing learners

attention:-

a. Specific examplesb. Active Participation or

Hands-onc. Incongruity and Conflict

d. Inquirye. Humour

f. Variability


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2.RELEVANCE

Experience

Present Worth

Future Usefulness Needs Matching

Modeling

Choice -


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3.CONFIDENCE

Provide Objectives andPrerequisites (required as aprior condition)

Grow the Learners

Feedback

Learner Control


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4.SATISFACTION

Satisfaction is based upon motivation

Provide opportunities

Provide feedbackSome basic rules:

Do not annoy the learner by over-rewardingsimple behaviour.

negative consequences-

too many extrinsic rewards


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EXPERIENTIAL LEARNINGby

David A. Kolb
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Kolbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Kolb


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Process of making meaning from directexperience.

Learning through reflection on doing, which isoften contrasted with rote learning.

Example:

Going to the zoo and learning throughobservation and interaction with the zoo

environment, as opposed to reading aboutanimals from a book. Thus, one makesdiscoveries and experiments with knowledgefirsthand, instead of hearing or reading about

others' experiences.


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Requires no teacher and relates solelyto the meaning making process of theindividual's direct experience.

However, though the gaining ofknowledge is an inherent process thatoccurs naturally.

For a genuine learning experience tooccur, there must exist certainelements.


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In order to gain genuine knowledgefrom an experience, certain abilities

are required:

1.) the learner must be willing to be

actively involved in the experience;2.) the learner must be able to reflect

on the experience;

3.) the learner must possess decisionmaking and problem solving skills inorder to use the new ideas gained

from the experience.


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Can be a highly effective educationalmethod.

Reason why games are popular asexperiential learning techniques is because

of the "fun factor. Learning through fun helps the learner to

retain the lessons for a longer period.

A fun learning environment, with plenty oflaughter and respect for the learner'sabilities, also fosters an effective experientiallearning environment.


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FACILITATIVE LEARNINGCARL ROGERS


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WHAT IS FACILITATIVELEARNING

Learning will occur when teacher actingas a facilitator.

Students are open to asks questions

and then they apply what they know tosolve the problems.

Teacher need to study their students tooffer facilitative conditions.

Students understand better becausethey are involve in the learningprocess.


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Teacher become facilitator to providemore:

a)Responses to students feeling.

b)Discussion with students.

c)Praise of students

d)Tailoring of contents to the individualstudents frame of reference( explanation created to fit the

immediate needs of the learners)e)To built up their discipline.


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ADVANTAGES

Students are motivated to learn.

Fewer discipline problems andvandalism.

All levels of learners can succeed.

Students apply their knowledge to thereal world.

Students gather important educationalconcepts and know how to solveproblems.


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DISADVANTAGES

The classroom can be more chaotic. Problems-solving can be difficult for

students who are used to a more

structured learning environment. Teachers must adapt quickly with the

changes in their teaching and allow

for more open-ended learning. Teachers must set clear, challenging

goals for students.


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HOW TO IMPLEMENT INCLASSROOM?

Example of the activity:

1.Teacher gives a questions to students.

2.Teacher facilitate and monitor the student.

3.Teachers are not providing the answer butmake a discussion with the students.

4.Students will provide the answer.


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Invitational Learning

By William W. Purkey


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What is invitational learning?

It is a remarkably direct but evocative model of

schooling.

To make school "the most inviting place in town.

School is a place where students feel welcome,

appreciated, and encouraged to realize their potential and

to respect the unique worth of themselves and others.


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The invitational approach to educationderives from two theoretical

perspectives:

Perceptual psychology

Self-concept theory.


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Perceptual psychology:

The perceptual tradition sees behaviour as afunction of the individual's perceived world.

Self-concept theory:

Self-concept consists of each person's uniquesystem of perceptions about the self inrelation to one's environment.


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Implementation in classroomsetting

To make your classroom more invitinginclude signs and posters that welcomevisitors and students themselves.

Offer validating messages to students,bulletin boards that advertise classactivities and events


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Advantages

They will feel proud of their school andthemselves.

They have the rules and the rules willmake them more discipline if the systemmanagement is perfect.


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Disadvantages

They might be make the school as a placeto meet with friends and gather to fighteach other.

The physical environment will damagebecause of those students attitudes.


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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

By: Abraham Maslow


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MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Abraham Maslow (1954) attempted to produce a large body

of research related to human motivation.

2 groupings: deficiency needs and growth needs..

The deficiency needs may be seen as "basic", and can be metand neutralized .

The first four levels are:

- Physiological

- Safety/security- Belongingness and Love

- Esteem


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An individual is ready to act upon the growth needs if

and only the deficiency needs are met.

The growth need of self-actualization is differentiate,specifically the first two growth needs as part of the

more general level of self-actualization (Maslow &

Lowery, 1998) They are:

-Cognitive

-Aesthetic

The other level is focused on growth beyond that

oriented towards self (Maslow, 1971). They are:-Self-actualization

-Self-transcendence


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IMPLEMENTATION IN

CLASSROOM SETTING The teacher must truly believe in her/his students.

These needs are addressed through love and the individualsimportance in the classroom.

Students are seen daily under all circumstances and work

with human stimulus-response patterns. The students must also develop a positive, constructive and

consistent self-image to make the classroom environmentstructured and supportive.

Teachers stress the intrinsic value on each student andattempt to motivate every student to do their best on theirwork and assignments.


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The advantages of Maslow's

hierarchy of needs

Helps to understand people's needs.

Helps to decide rewards at each level.

Helps in recognizing potential

Helps to motivate employees


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The disadvantages of Maslow's

hierarchy of needs

People are much less structured in the way they

satisfied their needs.

People with different cultural backgrounds and indifferent situations may have different hierarchies of

needs.

Other researcher claim that other needs are also

significant or even more significant.

arcs model of motvational design

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