arctic circle arctic boundary according to amap arctic boundary according to ahdr
TRANSCRIPT
Arctic Circle
Arctic Boundary according to AMAP
Arctic boundary according to AHDR
Icelandic Arctic foreign policy developments early 21st C
US closes military bases, 2006 Economic crash, 2008Comprehensive, risk assessment, 2009Report: 'Iceland and the High North' , 2009 Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy, 2011
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
1. Strengthening the Arctic Council
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
1. Strengthening the Arctic Council 2. Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
1. Strengthening the Arctic Council 2. Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state3. Promoting extended Arctic region
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
1. Strengthening the Arctic Council 2. Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state3. Promoting extended Arctic region4. Resolving differences through UNCLOS
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
1. Strengthening the Arctic Council 2. Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state3. Promoting extended Arctic region4. Resolving differences through UNCLOS5. Strengthening West Nordic cooperation
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
1. Strengthening the Arctic Council 2. Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state3. Promoting extended Arctic region4. Resolving differences through UNCLOS5. Strengthening West Nordic cooperation6. Supporting the rights of indigenous peoples
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects 9. Safeguarding security interests through civilian means and working against militarisation
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects 9. Safeguarding security interests through civilian means and working against militarisation10. Developing trade relations between States
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects 9. Safeguarding security interests through civilian means and working against militarisation10. Developing trade relations between States 11. Advancing knowledge of Arctic issues
Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011
7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects 9. Safeguarding security interests through civilian means and working against militarisation10. Developing trade relations between States 11. Advancing knowledge of Arctic issues 12. Increasing cooperation at the domestic level
Iceland as EU’s northernmost State?
EU Accession talks – Special Arctic reportMay 2013, Elections EU talks suspended indefinitely
Coalition platform of the Progressive Party and the
Independence Party
• Iceland should become a leading power in Arctic and West Nordic cooperation, and should act upon possible opportunities relating to oil and gas in the High North
Further developments
• European cooperation through the EEA and Schengen
• 2013 Report of Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Parliament.
• Icelandic consulate at Nuuk, Greenland• FM’s statement of interest to increase
cooperation with the Faroe Islands
Arctic issues in bilateral and multilateral relations
• NATO and other allies • Defence cooperation since 2006• UNCLOS• Arctic Council– PAME & CAFF working groups– SAR, 2011, and oil-spill response, 2013– Secretary-General (Magnús Jóhannesson) AC
permanent secretariat
Arctic issues in bilateral and multilateral relations
• EU• ‘Northern Dimension’ programme with
Norway, Russia and all EU • Barents Euro-Arctic Council • Nordic Cooperation framework – Parliamentary Nordic Council - Nordic Council of
Ministers (NCM) – West Nordic sub-group
Arctic issues in bilateral and multilateral relations
• NCM Stoltenberg report– Nordic security cooperation – Haga
• Mutual aid in civilian emergencies (‘Nordic solidarity clause’)
• West Nordic and Arctic joint risk analysis and response
West Nordic Council: Greenland, Iceland & the Faroe Islands
BRICs & Asia
Where next?
• Is Iceland ‘playing all sides’ to its detriment?• Is it dealing sufficiently ?– with climate change?– With military threats?– Militarization of the arctic– Wider security and safety
• Pros and cons of West Nordic & non-arctic cooperation
• Is the Small States approach too simplistic?