are indigenous people conservationists: from forested landscapes to monocultures domination in...
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Feintrenie (CIFOR) Stefan Schwarze (University of Göttingen)Patrice Levang (IRD, CIFOR) Presentation for the conference on Taking stock of smallholders and community forestryMontpellier FranceMarch 24-26, 2010TRANSCRIPT
Are indigenous people conservationists?From forested landscapes to monocultures domination in Indonesia
Laurène Feintrenie (CIFOR)
Stefan Schwarze (University of Göttingen)
Patrice Levang (IRD, CIFOR)
Bungo, in Jambi
Pesisir, in Lampung
Lore Lindu region, in Central Sulawesi
A changing landscape
Innocent victims of economic globalization,or active stakeholders of agriculture
intensification?
Bungo, in Jambi
Pesisir, in Lampung
Lore Lindu region, in Central Sulawesi
Quick perception survey
• Pros and cons of agroforestry vs monoculture
• Merits and draw-backs of the different plantations
• Perception of the landscape and prediction of its
evolution
• 9 to 12 villages per site, on a range of agriculture
intensification and distance to the forest
• 30 respondents/village
• Total: 802 respondents
Malaya
Gunung Kemala Pahmungan
Tenumbang
Sumber Agung
Pekonmon
Pardasuka
Rajabasa
Pagar Bukit
Watumaeta
Lelio
Moa
RatuTomua
Sungku
Bobo
SintuwuPandere
- 50 100
Technical constraints
Economic results
Sentimental attachment
Cultural arguments
Cons
Jambi (1)
Lampung
Sulawesi
- 50 100
Technical advantages
Economic results
Sentimental attachment
Cultural arguments
Pros
Jambi (1)
Lampung
Sulawesi
Pros and Cons of agroforests versus monoculture plantations
- 20 40 60 80
Secondary products
High productivity
Low labour requirements
Short immature period
Easy commercialization
Low costs (investment and inputs)
No seasonality, weekly or monthly income generation
Jambi (1)
Lampung
Sulawesi
Merits of a plantation
What will the landscape look like in 20 years?
100 % Traditionalforested system
100 % Intensifiedtraditional crop
100 % Challengingcrop
0102030405060708090
100
Very pleased
Pleased Not pleased
SulawesiLampungJambi (1)
(1) Adapted from Feintrenie et al, 2010 and complementary data from field survey; (2) Adapted from Seeberg-Elverfeldt et al, 2009; (3) Personal communication from Yulia Ramah Fitriana, 2010; (4) Adapted from Kusters, 2009 and complementary data from field survey
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
Return to land of plantations depending on prices at farm gate
(€/ha)
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Return to labour of plantations depending on prices at farm gate
(€/manday)
Comparison of land uses profitabilityFor min, max and average prices (2008-2009)
Neither passive, nor victim
• Farmers are active and informed actors of agriculture
expansion and intensification.
• Their decisions are driven by economic opportunities
and local/regional constraints.
• Cultural and sentimental attachments to forest are
weak in comparison with livelihoods needs and
desires.
Relevance to the global forestconservation issue
• Only economic benefits from forest can secure theirconservation by local communities.
• Devolution of forest management to local communities must consider this fact when aiming atforest conservation.
• International funds raised for forest conservation could be used to promote education (grants for rural pupils) in order to fasten the process of agrariantransition.
Thank you for your attention.