areas of opportunities for ict accessibility axel leblois executive director g3ict kampala, uganda 6...

Areas of Opportunities for ICT Areas of Opportunities for ICT accessibilityaccessibility

Areas of Opportunities for ICT Areas of Opportunities for ICT accessibilityaccessibility

Axel LebloisExecutive Director G3ict

Kampala, Uganda6 May 2010

ICT ACCESSIBILITY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Areas of OpportunitiesAreas of OpportunitiesAreas of OpportunitiesAreas of Opportunities

Wireless Services TV Broadcasting e-government web sites Internet cafés and community

access Assistive Technologies in schools

Connectivity in Africa: Mobile Phones Connectivity in Africa: Mobile Phones LeadershipLeadershipConnectivity in Africa: Mobile Phones Connectivity in Africa: Mobile Phones LeadershipLeadership

Example of Mobile Phones Accessibility Example of Mobile Phones Accessibility Features for Persons with DisabilitiesFeatures for Persons with DisabilitiesExample of Mobile Phones Accessibility Example of Mobile Phones Accessibility Features for Persons with DisabilitiesFeatures for Persons with Disabilities

Accessible hardware and software is available addressing various types of impairments: visual, cognitive, hearing, speech, physical. For example:

Blind and visually impaired people can adjust display settings such as font size or color contrast;

Persons unable to use a keypad can use voice recognition software Blind or visually impaired people can use text to speech to access

menus, receive audio feedback and have text, such as SMS, read aloud; Pictorial address books (containing an image of the person beside their

name and phone number) has considerably empowered persons with cognitive disabilities to use cell phones;

Deaf persons can use a range of services including: SMS text messages

sign language via video calls (on 3G networks)

other services such a text message to Avatar for deaf illiterate persons

And many more!

Mobile Manufacturers ForumMobile Manufacturers Forumhttp://www.mobileaccessibility.info/http://www.mobileaccessibility.info/

Wireless Services Accessibility Wireless Services Accessibility InnovationsInnovationsWireless Services Accessibility Wireless Services Accessibility InnovationsInnovations

Basic accessibility features are easy to implement, exist today

New handset based technology includes: Text to Speech, voice recognition Scanner capability GPS – triangulation positioning Bone sound conduction

Remote services Emergency services Digital libraries E-Government services Blue tooth proximity services

A Glimpse into the Future Now… (Video)

Mobile Phones Accessibility Policy Mobile Phones Accessibility Policy Making: Three Case Studies Making: Three Case Studies Mobile Phones Accessibility Policy Mobile Phones Accessibility Policy Making: Three Case Studies Making: Three Case Studies

1. Market driven operator strategy (Japan)

2. Consensus building among stakeholders (France)

3. Regulatory policy (Canada)

1.1. Market Driven Strategy: JapanMarket Driven Strategy: JapanThe Raku Raku Story 2001-2009The Raku Raku Story 2001-2009

1.1. Market Driven Strategy: JapanMarket Driven Strategy: JapanThe Raku Raku Story 2001-2009The Raku Raku Story 2001-2009

NTT DoCoMo Market Situation in 2001 Overall penetration of cell phones in Japan: 82.6%

NTT DoCoMo market share: 51%

Opportunity: rate of utilization decreases significantly with age (90+% aged 20 to 50; less than 30% above 70)

Decision to tackle issue across organization, products and services Adoption of Universal Design principles

Cell phone handsets, stores & services

Source: NTT DoCoMo presentation at ITU – UNESCAP meeting in Bangkok, August 26, 2009

Example of “Raku Raku” Accessible Example of “Raku Raku” Accessible and Assistive Features and Servicesand Assistive Features and ServicesExample of “Raku Raku” Accessible Example of “Raku Raku” Accessible and Assistive Features and Servicesand Assistive Features and Services

A large screen with large characters Dedicated buttons to call certain pre-recorded

numbers automatically “Read aloud” menus and text Voice input text messages and email Access to a network of talking books (Bibulio-

net, 12,395 titles as of March 2009) with an integrated DAISY player

An optional bone conductor receiver to transmit sound waves directly from bone to nerve

Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001

How many Raku-Raku phones have been sold by NTT DoCoMo in Japan since then?

Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001

How many Raku-Raku phones have been sold by NTT DoCoMo in Japan since then?

15 Million!

As African Market Matures, Operators May As African Market Matures, Operators May Benefit from a “Raku Raku” StrategyBenefit from a “Raku Raku” StrategyAs African Market Matures, Operators May As African Market Matures, Operators May Benefit from a “Raku Raku” StrategyBenefit from a “Raku Raku” Strategy

Source: African Mobile Factbook Published by AfricanTelcom News

2 – Consensus building strategy 2 – Consensus building strategy Accessibility – France Case StudyAccessibility – France Case Study2 – Consensus building strategy 2 – Consensus building strategy Accessibility – France Case StudyAccessibility – France Case Study

Government, users, operators sign charter in 2005

Voluntary program with milestones for implementing features with defined priorities:

1. Necessary features

2. Comfort features

3. Desirable new features and evolution

Comprehensive and detailed analysis

Marketing codification of accessibility features

Mobile Operators Association Drives Mobile Operators Association Drives National CampaignNational CampaignMobile Operators Association Drives Mobile Operators Association Drives National CampaignNational Campaign

Results: Each operator offers between 10 and 20 accessible

handsets in 2009

Specialized point of sales with trained personnel

New services launched (News in sign language, accessible city and accessible tourism web sites etc.)

3 – Regulatory Path: Mandates – 3 – Regulatory Path: Mandates – Canada Case StudyCanada Case Study3 – Regulatory Path: Mandates – 3 – Regulatory Path: Mandates – Canada Case StudyCanada Case Study

Regulatory Policy of Canadian RT Regulatory Policy of Canadian RT Commission (21 July 2009):Commission (21 July 2009):Regulatory Policy of Canadian RT Regulatory Policy of Canadian RT Commission (21 July 2009):Commission (21 July 2009): Initiates further investigation into possible

improvements to emergency 9-1-1 service, including text messaging to 9-1-1.

Requests that wireless service providers, in consultation with persons with disabilities, offer at least one type of wireless mobile handset to serve the needs of people who are blind and/or have moderate-to-severe mobility or cognitive disabilities, noting that it will consider imposing such a requirement in the future if necessary.

Requires telecommunications service providers and broadcasting distribution undertakings to improve the accessibility of the information, service and support they offer to Canadians.

TV BroadcastingTV BroadcastingTV BroadcastingTV Broadcasting

Television Accessibility ResourcesTelevision Accessibility Resources www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.orgwww.e-accessibilitytoolkit.orgTelevision Accessibility ResourcesTelevision Accessibility Resources www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.orgwww.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org

Closed captioning, sub-titling and sign language—Definitions / process—Features most desired by persons with disabilities—Applicable standards—Sample of regulations

Video Description Services—Definitions / process—Features most desired by persons with disabilities—Applicable standards—Sample of regulations

Transition to Digital Television: IPTV and Convergent Media —IPTV and Web video accessibility—DTV / IPTV equipment, interface and controls—IPTV and Web video accessibility standards—Sample of regulations

TV Broadcasting – U.S.TV Broadcasting – U.S.TV Broadcasting – U.S.TV Broadcasting – U.S.

1990 Television Decoder Act, in effect since 1993, requires all televisions 13 inches or larger manufactured for sale in the United States to have built-in decoder circuitry.

Captions now reach millions of viewers: Deaf and hard-of-hearing

Persons learning to read or learning English as a second language

Educational benefits of captioned television are being realized as families "read" TV together.

Captions are visible in public places, such as airports or bars, where the audio is often difficult to hear.

Currently, all programs airing in prime time (daily 8-11pm) on the commercial networks and PBS are captioned

Some daytime, cable and syndicated programs remain uncaptioned.

JapanJapanJapanJapan

NHK started closed-captioning and audio description services in the 1980s by developing teletext and sound-multiplex broadcast adapted to the analog TV system

Digital TV has standard slots for closed-captioning and audio description.

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan (MIC) guidelines:

By the end of 2017, followings should be accomplished, 100% of closed-caption including live programs

(excluding technically impossible programs)

10% of audio description for applicable programs

Japan: Innovative ProcessesJapan: Innovative ProcessesJapan: Innovative ProcessesJapan: Innovative Processes

Large proportion of automated speech to text conversion

Speed Rate conversion offered: Radio and TV receiver equipped with Speed Rate

Conversion Chip

Listeners can slow down the rate of speech in a program.

Speeding up speech may be also useful for visually impaired person.

Canada: Regulatory Policy of CRT Canada: Regulatory Policy of CRT Commission (21 July 2009):Commission (21 July 2009):Canada: Regulatory Policy of CRT Canada: Regulatory Policy of CRT Commission (21 July 2009):Commission (21 July 2009):

Directs television broadcasters to improve and control the quality of closed captioning, including in digital formats. It intends to impose conditions of licence in these areas at the broadcasters' licence renewals.

Intends to require additional television broadcasters to provide described video through conditions of licence imposed at their licence renewals. The Commission also sets out various measures designed to increase the awareness and accessibility of described video.

Intends to require television broadcasters to provide high-quality audio description through conditions of licence to be imposed at the time of their licence renewals.

Australia – Outsourced ServicesAustralia – Outsourced ServicesAustralia – Outsourced ServicesAustralia – Outsourced Services

The government of Australia provided seed funding in 1981 for the establishment of the Australian Caption Centre (ACC) and the purchase of equipment.

Captioning by the ACC commenced in 1982 and a further grant from the Australian government enabled the ACC to achieve and maintain financial self-sufficiency.

The ACC, now known as Media Access Australia, sold its commercial captioning division to Red Bee Media in December 2005. Red Bee Media continues to provide captioning services to Australia today.

e-Government Accessibilitye-Government Accessibilitye-Government Accessibilitye-Government Accessibility

E-Government Web Sites Policies & E-Government Web Sites Policies & W3C – WAI Guidelines W3C – WAI Guidelines E-Government Web Sites Policies & E-Government Web Sites Policies & W3C – WAI Guidelines W3C – WAI Guidelines

W3C – WAI guidelines a solid foundation for e-government accessibility policies and programs

Benefits for Governments: eliminating conflicting requirements

providing proven & free authoring tools

enabling sharing of training and implementation resources

enabling improved conformance testing

Considerations for ImplementationConsiderations for ImplementationConsiderations for ImplementationConsiderations for Implementation

Accessible web sites are not more expensive to produce than inaccessible web sites

Large overlap (80%) of WAI Guidelines with Mobile Guidelines

Great benefits in Africa to pursue Mobile and e-Government accessibility strategies simultaneously

Important for governments to commit to web accessibility and to promote awareness of the W3C-WAI guidelines and tools among web masters at major government agencies

See Case Study of City of Chicago:

http://www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org/toolkit/local_government

TunisiaTunisiaTunisiaTunisia

All e-Government web sites to be accessible by the end of 2009

2007 Presidential Order Tunisian government issued RFP for

consulting services funded by the World Bank

High visibility of initiative

Korea: e-Government Web Accessibility Korea: e-Government Web Accessibility Performance as Measured by Annual SurveyPerformance as Measured by Annual SurveyKorea: e-Government Web Accessibility Korea: e-Government Web Accessibility Performance as Measured by Annual SurveyPerformance as Measured by Annual Survey

※ Source : Ministry of Public Administration and Security & Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity

and promotion, 2008 Web Accessibility Annual Survey

Presented at the 2009 ITU=UNESCAP Asia Pacific Workshop on ICT Accessibility

Exhibit: Web accessibility Annual Survey(2008) Unit : 100 Scale

Making Community Centers and Making Community Centers and Internet Cafés AccessibleInternet Cafés AccessibleMaking Community Centers and Making Community Centers and Internet Cafés AccessibleInternet Cafés Accessible

Internet Cafes and Community Internet Cafes and Community Centers: Market Driven e-InclusionCenters: Market Driven e-InclusionInternet Cafes and Community Internet Cafes and Community Centers: Market Driven e-InclusionCenters: Market Driven e-Inclusion

Benchmark Country: BrazilBenchmark Country: BrazilBenchmark Country: BrazilBenchmark Country: Brazil

Total number of connections at Internet Cafés greater than all other types of access combined in Brazil in 2007

Benchmark: Socio-Demographic Benchmark: Socio-Demographic Analysis of Internet Usage in BrazilAnalysis of Internet Usage in BrazilBenchmark: Socio-Demographic Benchmark: Socio-Demographic Analysis of Internet Usage in BrazilAnalysis of Internet Usage in Brazil

Source: Survey on the Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Brazil 2007, COMITÊ GESTOR DA INTERNET NO BRASIL

%

Promoting Accessibility of Internet Promoting Accessibility of Internet Cafés and Community CentersCafés and Community CentersPromoting Accessibility of Internet Promoting Accessibility of Internet Cafés and Community CentersCafés and Community Centers

Physical access to centers Computer accessibility User support for assistive technologies

Few examples of programs and policies

Good potential for public-private cooperation to reach out to many users leveraging existing infrastructure

Promoting Assistive TechnologiesPromoting Assistive TechnologiesIn EducationIn Education

Promoting Assistive TechnologiesPromoting Assistive TechnologiesIn EducationIn Education

Assistive Technology: It’s All About Assistive Technology: It’s All About Individual NeedsIndividual NeedsAssistive Technology: It’s All About Assistive Technology: It’s All About Individual NeedsIndividual Needs

“An assistive device opens doors to learning, employment and social participation. There is always a possibility of viewing people with disabilities as a homogeneous group, all requiring the same kind of intervention and the same type of device. The reality is that people with disabilities are as diverse as society itself, each with their own unique contributions and requirements”

Manto Tshabalala-Msimang,

Minister of Health, South Africa

Assistive Technologies, Key StepsAssistive Technologies, Key StepsAssistive Technologies, Key StepsAssistive Technologies, Key Steps

Identification of need Evaluation and testing

solutions User training Environment

accommodation (family, school, workplace)

Continuous assessment

Example: how educators match a student’s needs, abilities and tasks with a variety of tools

Assistive Technology: a Continuum of Assistive Technology: a Continuum of Tools, Strategies, and ServicesTools, Strategies, and Services

Low Tech ToolsPencil gripsColor codingHighlightersSlanted surfacesReading and writing guidesEnlarged worksheets

Mid Tech ToolsBooks on tapeTalking spell checker, dictionaryWord processorTape recorderAdaptive eating utensilsSwitch controlled toy, light, blender

High Tech ToolsText readersVoice recognitionEnvironmental control devicesAugmentative communication deviceSoftware for manipulation of objectsElectronic books

Example cited by Michigan Department of Education report on AT

Assistive Technologies in EducationAssistive Technologies in EducationAssistive Technologies in EducationAssistive Technologies in Education

Assistive Technologies require training and support

Education ministries best organized to implement such programs

Successful case studies emerging from around the world

Opportunity to support transition to the work place

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www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org

www.g3ict.com

Request for information:[email protected]

+1 (404) 641 5661

AnnexesAnnexes

Resources for Assistive TechnologiesResources for Assistive Technologies

AnnexesAnnexes

Resources for Assistive TechnologiesResources for Assistive Technologies

ICT Tools: Computer Based Assistive ICT Tools: Computer Based Assistive TechnologiesTechnologiesICT Tools: Computer Based Assistive ICT Tools: Computer Based Assistive TechnologiesTechnologies

Common computer based solutions for education, workplace and home applications by types of impairments:

• Visual

• Auditory

• Motor

• Cognitive

Visual Impairments: Solutions Visual Impairments: Solutions for Computer Interactionfor Computer InteractionVisual Impairments: Solutions Visual Impairments: Solutions for Computer Interactionfor Computer Interaction

Severe visual impairments, including complete blindness Screen reader software, with either voice or braille output or a

combination of the two. Free Solutions: Fire Vox, Thunder, System Access To Go, NVDA

Low vision Possible use of screen readers, screen magnification, high-

contrast settings, in-browser/program font enlarging. Free Solutions: CLC STAR, iZoom Web, System Access To Go

Forms of color blindness/color vision deficiencies (red-green being the most common (5% of males)) Need for information to not be conveyed solely by color

differences. Free Solutions: Users of Windows or Mac may alter contrast.

For the web, CLC STAR may be useful.

Source: Ohio State University

Auditory Impairments: Solutions for Auditory Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with ComputersAuditory Impairments: Solutions for Auditory Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with Computers

Typical accommodations: On the web or with video content, synchronized

captioning of audio and video

Text transcripts for audio-only presentations/podcasts.

Text messaging systems

TTY devices and software for text communication via telephone


Motor Impairments: Solutions for Motor Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with ComputersMotor Impairments: Solutions for Motor Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with Computers

Mobility and motor control disabilities caused by injury (nerve, nerve stress, or loss of limbs) Switches, pointing devices, such as head-

mounted or eye-controlled pointers, or trackballs that do not require fine limb movement

Mobility and motor control disabilities caused by disease or genetic conditions Issue: tremors and loss of ability to

control hand movement Track balls, switches, tremor-

compensating mice, etc. Voice recognition software to perform

input, including scrolling, clicking, and moving the mouse.

Free Solution: Click-n-Type

Cognitive Impairments: Solutions for Cognitive Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with ComputersCognitive Impairments: Solutions for Cognitive Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with Computers

Conditions ranging from reading and linguistic disabilities to attention deficits to problem-solving and memory conditions to various forms of learning disabilities

Largest category of disability affecting the most people.

Solutions:

• Programs that offer word prediction when writing and that can read aloud and highlight text are useful for mild to moderate cognitive disabilities.

• Visual markup, word lookup, and electronic bookmarking facilities offered by high end programs such as Freedom Scientific WYNN and TextHELP Read and Write Gold

Free Solutions: CLiCk, Speak, WordTalk, LetMeType, Power Talk


Control Panel in Windows includes both Voice Recognition and Text to Speech settings, which, combined with free or inexpensive software, allows for effective, inexpensive solutions

Basic Hearing Accessibility FeaturesBasic Hearing Accessibility FeaturesBasic Hearing Accessibility FeaturesBasic Hearing Accessibility Features

Visual alerts to notify the user of incoming calls/messages

Adjustable volume control Display of missed, received or dialed calls through

call logs Visual or tactile indicators showing what has been

pressed on the keypad, and visual display of text Text based messaging options SMS to Avatar translation for deaf illiterate (Tunisia) One on one video for sign language communications

Vision – Basic Accessibility FeaturesVision – Basic Accessibility FeaturesVision – Basic Accessibility FeaturesVision – Basic Accessibility Features

Tactile markers to help orient fingers on the keypad

Audible or tactile feedback to confirm a button has been pressed

Adjustable font sizes Audible cues for low battery, caller waiting

or ending a call and volume level Adjustable brightness/contrast controls for

the display The size of the main display Backlit display

Speech – Basic Accessibility FeaturesSpeech – Basic Accessibility FeaturesSpeech – Basic Accessibility FeaturesSpeech – Basic Accessibility Features

Text Messaging/SMS Email Instant Messaging Multi-media Messaging Predictive Text Re-use of personalized SMS messages Video one on one for sign language

DexterityDexterityDexterityDexterity Ability to use the phone in 'hands-free' mode Predictive text input Call answered by pressing any key Voice recognition for dialing or accessing

features within the phone No pinching, twisting or rotation of the wrist

needed Candy bar design to avoid extra movements (that

a phone with a folding or sliding design requires) Flat back on the phone to allow for operation on

a table top rather than having to be held Optional accessories such as a Bluetooth headset

or keyboard making texting and talking much easier

CognitionCognitionCognitionCognition

Menus and instructions clear and simple to understand Providing simple instructions when something is required from the

user Providing enough time for people to enter the required information Ability to associate photos with telephone numbers

Other features that may be useful include: Having a choice between audio, visual or vibrating alerts to let users

know when they're receiving a call Keys provide audio, visual and tactile feedback when pressed Popular functions such as placing a call controlled by repeating pre-

recorded voice commands Help menus designed to anticipate the information being sought Keypad shortcuts to make every step quick and efficient

Features Available on Mobile DevicesFeatures Available on Mobile DevicesFeatures Available on Mobile DevicesFeatures Available on Mobile Devices

Audio/Voice only (18%) Small display and voice (< 40 character)

(49%) Text messaging with disambiguation

(52%) Camera (34%) (2D barcode capability) Mobile browser (26%)

Kenyan study, 2009, 2 major carriers

AccessForAll Rendering for Mobile AccessForAll Rendering for Mobile DevicesDevicesAccessForAll Rendering for Mobile AccessForAll Rendering for Mobile DevicesDevices

Simple audio stream Audio file with navigation keys

(e.g., navigating the document object model tree - next header, next chapter, etc.)

Text messages with text message query and control

Web application for small displays

Simple Audio StreamSimple Audio StreamSimple Audio StreamSimple Audio Stream

For small sections of text or continuous narrative, e.g. a novel

Play, pause and stop control only Call in codes for specific topics Interactive voice and dial tone

menus Using text-to-speech and recorded

audio

Audio File with NavigationAudio File with NavigationAudio File with NavigationAudio File with Navigation

Using Daisy document structure Navigating the document object

model tree using numeric keys or voice

Either text-to-speech or recorded speech

Local caching capability where possible (memory on device)

areas of opportunities for ict accessibility axel leblois executive director g3ict kampala, uganda 6...

Documents

disabilities slide

video slide

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africantelcom news slide

mobile phones leadership

regulatory policy canada

rakuraku phones

raku raku story