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MiCOMho P443 and P445 High Performance Distance Protection Sept 2005 Sam Sambasivan Calvin Vo

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Page 1: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

MiCOMho P443 and P445High Performance Distance Protection

Sept 2005

Sam SambasivanCalvin Vo

Page 2: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P4432 2

MiCOMho Introduction

Page 3: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P4433 3

MiCOMho Introduction

MiCOMho P443

High performance distanceprotection

Universal mho characteristics

Quadrilateral characteristics forshort lines/cables, and whereboosting of resistive fault coverageis required

Sub cycle - no excuses (P443)Advanced protection and controlwithin one device

Includes directional comparisonand DEF schemes

Simple to set and testEasy set option

Page 4: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P4434 4

MiCOM Protection Portfolio

P900 P900 Frequency Protection RelaysFrequency Protection Relays

P800 P800 Autoreclose, Breaker Fail ...Autoreclose, Breaker Fail ...

P100 P100 Feeder Management RelaysFeeder Management Relays

P700 P700 Busbar Protection SchemesBusbar Protection Schemes

P600 P600 Transformer Protection RelaysTransformer Protection Relays

P500 Line Differential and Unit SchemesP500 Line Differential and Unit Schemes

P400 P400 Distance Protection RelaysDistance Protection Relays

P300 P300 Generator Protection RelaysGenerator Protection Relays

P200 P200 Universal Motor Protection RelayUniversal Motor Protection Relay

MiCOMho

Page 5: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P4435 5

MiCOMho P443:Subcycle Transmission Network ProtectionSubcycle tripping, single pole settable - no excuses

Trip time includes contact closure time

Full-scheme, non-switched distance protectionMho and quadrilateral characteristics freely selectablefor phase and ground faults“Setting-free” power swing blocking

No blinders or starter zones to set - universal application

Additional main protection: DEF and delta directionalcomparison

Deltas - fast signal send for channel-aided schemes

Optional InterMiCOM interface for teleprotection:InterMiCOM EIA (RS) 232 typically for MODEM linksInterMiCOM64 for 56/64kBits/s digital links or direct fiber

P443 - 80TE modular case for binary I/O up to 24/32.

Page 6: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P4436 6

50% 70% 80% 90%

10

20

30

40

0

Performance:Subcycle up

to 75% Reach

MiCOMhoExample Timing Contour, 60Hz, SIR = 5

P443: Subcycle Tripping Performance

Typical Operating TimeP443 - Fast:

0.7 to 1 cycleP445

General Purpose:1 to 1.3 cycle

P443

Page 7: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P4437 7

MiCOMho P445:Distribution / Subtransmission Protection

Three pole tripping typically 1 to 1.3 cycleSuccessor to popular Optimho and Quadramho ranges

Full-scheme, non-switched distance protectionMho or quadrilateral characteristics settable for groundfaults, mho phase characteristics.“Setting-free” power swing blocking

No blinders or starter zones to set - universal application

Additional main protection: DEFOptional InterMiCOM interface for teleprotection:

InterMiCOM EIA (RS) 232 typically for MODEM linksInterMiCOM64 for 56/64kBits/s digital links or direct fiber

P445 - specially designed for retrofit applications40TE (8” width) replaces vertical mount relays60TE models offer more binary I/O, up to 16/16

Page 8: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P4438 8

50% 70% 80% 90%

10

20

30

40

0

MiCOMhoExample Timing Contour, 60Hz, SIR = 5

P445: Tripping Performance

Typical Operating TimeP443 - Fast:

0.7 to 1 cycle(price premium)

P445General Purpose:

1 to 1.3 cycle

P445

Page 9: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P4439 9

P443 and P445 I/O and Comparison Table

MiCOMhoA versatile range: from simple retrofit to EHV

Case Optos Contacts Distance DEF DeltaSchemes

P443 A 80TE 16 24 Yes Yes

B 80TE 24 32

Subcycle…• Phase: Mho

and Quad• Gnd: Mho & Q Yes Yes

P445 A 40TE 8 8 Yes

B 60TE 12 12 Yes

C 60TE 16 16

1 to 1.3 cycle…• Phase: Mho• Ground: Mho

andQuadrilateral Yes

Page 10: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44310 10

CONFIGURATION

Distance

Directiona l E/ F

Directiona l Comp

Overcurrent

Neg Sequence O/ C

Broken Conductor

Earth Fault

Residua l O/ V NVD

Thermal Overload

Volt Protection

CB Fa il

CONFIGURATION

Supervision

Fault Locator

System Checks

Auto-Reclose

Disturb Recorder

Commission Tests

Control Inputs

Direct Access

InterMiCOM

21P/N/78

67N

∆I/∆V

50/51/67

46/67

46BC

67N

59N

49

27/59

50BF

25

CTS/VTS

79

Teleprot

Protection & Control:List of Main Features

* P443 only, not P445

* *

Page 11: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44311 11

Distance Elements

MiCOMho

Page 12: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44312 12

MiCOMho Introduction

Compares pre-faulted system

Acts as a fault detector and faulted phase detector

Can quickly recognize evolving faults and power swings

Provides secure phase selection for complex faultconditions

Sensitive to any fault type

P443/P445 Use Superimposed Current

MiCOMhoProven Delta Techniques

Page 13: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44313 13

Faulted = Unfaulted +Superimposed

MiCOMho

i rly =imem

+

i r

Prefault Fault

= Superimposed

Current:-

Proven Delta Techniques

Page 14: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44314 14

Superimposed Components -Simple Theory

AB

BC

CA

Change!

Change!

NoChange!

1 CycleComparison

1 CycleComparison

Ground Fault,Phase C

2 cycle window

MiCOMho

Page 15: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44315 15

Distance ZonesMho Characteristics

Z3

ZpZ2

Z1

Z4

Three independent Forwardzones

Z1, Z2, Z3 (Z3 optionalreverse offset)

One Reverse zoneZ4

Programmable Fwd/Revzone

Zone p

Available for Phase and GroundProtection (21P and 21G)

MiCOMho

Page 16: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44316 16

P443 Trip Times (60Hz)

P443Zone 1 Trip min. 12 msZone 1 Trip max. 16.5 ms

SUB CYCLESIR < 30

Speed: Sub-cycle Technology

MiCOMho

Page 17: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44317 17

Use of the Load Blinder to AvoidLoad Encroachment Trips

Z

R

X

Load Area

Blinder Angle

Blinder ImpedanceSetting

MiCOMhoBlinder Allows Stability Notch around Load

Page 18: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44318 18

MiCOMho

Removal of LoadBlinder For Faults

R

X

Load Area

Blinder disappears for volts below V<

Rf

Characteristic Expansion

Z

Better Resisitive Coverage on Fault Inception

Page 19: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44319 19

Quadrilateral Characteristics

Z3 (reverse offset)

Zp (if reverselooking)

Z4

Z2

Z1Independently selectable

eg. Mho phase + quadground fault

Ground faults only in P445

Available for Phase and GroundProtection (21P and 21G)

(Directional lineshown simplified)

Page 20: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44320 20

Setting Applied for PhaseFault Detection

Fault

IA - IBZS

VABVS R1 Ph / 2

Z1 Ph

Line Phase Reach

Positive Sequence Model

Rab

Xab

Z1R1ph/2

Z1 ph

A-B Zone 1 shown:

MiCOMho

Page 21: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44321 21

Setting Applied for GroundFault Detection

Fault

IAZS

VAVS R1 Gnd

Z1 Gnd

Line Ground Reach

Group Loop Model

Rab

Xab

Z1R1Gnd/(1+Kn)

Z1 ph

A-N Zone 1 shown:

IA

Line Residual Reach

kZn x Z1 GndIN

MiCOMho

Page 22: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44322 22

During a single phase to ground fault the Negative PhaseSequence current is approximately in phase with thefault arc current

The reactance line of the Ground Quad Elements ispolarized from Negative Sequence Current

Under and overreach effects are minimized dynamically

A downwards tilt can be implemented on the reactanceline

Ground Faults:

MiCOMho

Negating Under / OverreachEffects of Infeed

Phase Faults:

Removes the chance of a spurious trip

Page 23: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44323 23

Preventing Zone - 1 OverreachQuadrilateral Characteristic

R

IA

A B

RF EB

IB

IF

RF

XAllow reactanceline to tilt down

R

EA

B

jX

A

Prefault power export

MiCOMho

Page 24: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44324 24

Preventing Zone - 2/3 UnderreachQuadrilateral Characteristic

EA

IA

A

EB

IB

jX

B

RF

RA

X

RF

Prefault power import

R

Allow reactanceline to tilt up

B

MiCOMho

Page 25: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44325 25

Easy Setting of Distance ProtectionZones (1)

GROUP 1LINE PARAMETERSLine Length

Line Impedance

Line Angle

Residua l Comp

Residua l Angle

Mutua l Comp

Mutua l Angle

Mutua l cut- off (k)

Phase Rota tion

Trip Mode

GROUP 1DISTANCE SETUPSetting Mode

Digita l Filter

CVT Filters

SIR Setting

Load Blinders

Load/ B Impedance

Load/ B Angle

Load Blinder V<

Distance PolarisingABCCBA

ProtectedLine

Long Line?

CVT andhigh SIR?

% Memory?

* P443 only, not P445

* *

Page 26: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44326 26

GROUP 1LINE PARAMETERSLine Length

Line Impedance

Line Angle

Residua l Comp

Residua l Angle

Mutua l Comp

Mutua l Angle

Mutua l cut- off (k)

Phase Rota tion

Trip Mode

GROUP 1DISTANCE ELEMENTSPHASE DISTANCE

Z1 Phase Reach

Z1 Phase Angle

GROUND DISTANCE

Z1 Ground Reach

Z1 Ground Angle

Z1 Residual Comp

Z1 Residual Angle

% Ω

Easy Set Mode:Automatic Reach

Conversion

MiCOMho

Easy Setting of Distance ProtectionZones (2)

Page 27: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44327 27

A distance relay needs secure voltage polarizing toensure:

Immunity to CVT transient effects - correct forward/reversereaction for close-in faults

Characteristic expansion for mho elements to boostresistive fault coverage

Cross-polarizing from unfaulted phases where memory isunavailable

Maintained optimum polarizing, even throughout powerswings

Open book policy:The P443/P445 meets all of these stringent requirements

Distance Polarizing

Fine tuned from in-house and customer simulator experience

Page 28: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44328 28

Power Swing Blocking

Page 29: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44329 29

A power swing will result in continuous change ofcurrent

Continuous output from the relay superimposed currentelement can be used to block for a power swing

Using this method the relay is able to operate for faultsoccurring during a power swing

All detection relies on delta elements with adaptivethresholds - nothing for the user to set!

Power Swing Blocking

“Setting-Free” Power Swing / Out of Step MiCOMho

Page 30: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44330 30

Power Swing, Summary (1)

Locus ofpowerswing

Load area

∆I

Power swings are detected by continuous superimposedcurrent presence - “∆I”.Swings are detected much earlier than for conventionaldevices - where the locus must cross into a band whichsurrounds the trip characteristics.No PSB start-up zone, no blinders (or load encroachmentissues), no timers to set… “setting-free”.

“Setting-Free” Power Swing / Out of Step

Page 31: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44331 31

Power Swing, Summary (2)

Relay trips for all faults occurring during a power swing.The power swing block is removed instantly for anunbalanced fault, on reselection by the phase selectors.In the unlikely event of a 3 phase fault, a step change in∆I resets the block.

Continuous ∆IDuring Swing

FaultInception

Minimal ∆IPresent

Page 32: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44332 32

Pilot / Aided Schemes

Page 33: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44333 33

GROUP 1DIRECTIONAL FNDEF SETTINGS

DEF Polarising

DEF Char Angle

DEF VNpol Set

DEF V2pol Set

DEF Threshold

GROUP 1DIRECTIONAL FNDELTA DIRECTION

Delta Sta tus

Delta Char Angle

Delta V Fwd

Delta V Rev

Delta I Fwd

Delta I Rev

GROUP 1DISTANCE SCHEMESAIDED SCHEME 1

Aided 1 Dist dly

tReversa l Guard

WI Single Pole Trip

WI V< Threshold

WI Trip Delay

Directional Ground 67N• IN> faults• Sensitive

DirectionalWave/Compar.• LFDC delta….(P443 only)

Distance Aided 21PILOT• PUR.. POR• WI.. block

Channel Options for Aided Schemes,Permissive and Blocking

All IEC and ANSI/IEEE Scheme Types MiCOMho

Page 34: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44334 34

Directional Ground Fault

Page 35: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44335 35

ZA0398

Directional Ground FaultProtection (DEF)

High resistance ground faults

Instantaneous or time delayed

IEC and IEEE curves

Single or three pole tripping in aided scheme

Page 36: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44336 36

DEF Directional Security

Negative Sequence polarizing not affected by:Zero sequence mutual coupling

Standing zero sequence

May be used in parallel line applications

Use of Healthy Phase polarizing is very secure:Calculates -3V0 direction from the two unfaulted phases

No need for current polarizing even when 3V0 or V2 arenegligible

“Virtual Current” Polarizing MiCOMho

Page 37: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44337 37

Differentiating Factor -Virtual Current Polarizing of Aided DEF

All traditional DEF protection (ground fault pilotprotection scheme) relied on sufficient polarizing

voltage to make a directional decision. If this werenot available, current polarizing from an extra

CT input would be needed.“Virtual Current Polarizing” ensures correct

directional polarizing, even with no residual voltagegenerated, and without an extra CT input.

Market Leading Technology MiCOMho

Page 38: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44338 38

Healthy Phase (Zero Sequence)Polarizing

Virtual Current: to Calculate a pseudo (-Vres) MiCOMho

AFAULT

Va

Vc Vb

Va

Vc Vb

Va

Vc Vb

Voltage set:No fault

“V residual”

(P443/P445 and LFZR)Can cover faults with no VresPhase selector removes Va

“Residual” = Vb + VcAlways a voltage -Vres

(All relays pre-LFZR)Typical A-N fault:

A phase voltage fallsResult… Vres

-Vres is OK to directionalize

Ia

Ia

Vres

Page 39: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44339 39

DEF Backup Overcurrent Protection51P/51N/67

Four stages of directional/non-directional phaseovercurrent protection

I>1 and I>2 IDMT or definite time

I>3 and I>4 definite time (t=0, instantaneous)

Four stages of directional/non-directional earth faultprotection

IN>1 and IN>2 IDMT or definite time

IN>3 and IN>4 definite time (t=0, instantaneous)

Directional decision polarized from VN or V2, allowinguse of open delta VTs

I> and IN> elements can be enabled permanently, or onchannel failure

Page 40: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44340 40

Backup Overcurrent Protection51P/51N/67 IDMT Curves

IEC Curves

Current (Multiples of Is)

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1 10010

Operating Time (s)IEEE Curves

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100Current (Multiples of Is)

Operating Time (s)IEC SIIEC VIIEC EIIEC LTS

US MIUS VIUS EIUS IUS SI

Page 41: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44341 41

Fault and Disturbance Records

MiCOM S1 saves file in the COMTRADE format for advanced fault diagnostics

Fault location:

Distance to fault

V and I measurements

Prefault Postfault Analog channels

Digital channels

Sample 48 times per cycle

2.4kHz Resolution at 50Hz

Page 42: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44342 42

Distance to Fault Locator

16% 3.8Ω16km10miles

P443 Offers additional MutualCurrent Compensation

MiCOMho

Page 43: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44343 43

Programmable Scheme Logic

Px40 relays contain powerful PSL, for customizingprotection and control functionality where required

An internal programmable logic controller, set via MiCOMS1Comprises AND, OR, PROGRAMMABLE, MAJORITY, NOT,NAND and NOR gate functions.Internal timers for sequencing, and general delaysPermits latching of output contacts and LEDs

Use for extra protection functions such as Trip CircuitSupervision, and customized control (eg. Interlocking).

No inherent delay, designed to avoid “race” problems

Page 44: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44344 44

MiCOM Px4x Platform Communication Interface

MeasurementsStatus

ControlsRecords

Fault LocationDisturbances

SettingsPeer - Peer

Courier IEC103 DNP3 61850

X XXX

• Public• Private• Not supported by protocol

(Future)

X

Scope of Communication Interfaces

Page 45: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44345 45

Easy Set, and Easy Test:“Static Test” Commissioning Setting

Many secondary injection test sets are notdesigned to simulate a real dynamic fault.

To allow all test sets to be used with the relay there is a “Static Test Mode” in the commissioning menu

No need to change test sets MiCOMho

Bypasses delta phase selection

Reverts to simple (non-delta) directional line

Cross polarizing replaces memory

Page 46: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44346 46

MiCOM P443 Summary (1)

High performance distance protectionUniversal mho characteristics

Quadrilateral characteristics for short lines/cables, and whereboosting of resistive fault coverage is required

Sub cycle - no excusesIncludes output contact

Even in capacitor VT applications

Easy selection of aided schemes and backup options

From the same family as successful predecessors:LFZP Optimho: Over 11500 relays installed since 1989

SHNB Micromho: Over 2500 installed since 1983

P443 MiCOMho mixes experience with proven new technology

Proven design pedigree MiCOMho

Page 47: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44347 47

MiCOM P443 Summary (2)

Fast fault clearance for optimum network stability and voltageprofile management

Versatile characteristics shaped for stability under all load flows -load blinders defend the system in severe contingencies

Advanced protection and control within one devicePossible universal HV/EHV protection solution: distance ordirectional comparison

Simple to set and testEasy set option

Static test mode

MiCOMhoCustomer benefits

Page 48: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44348 48

MiCOM P445 Summary

Small case size - perfect for retrofitting in existing panels andcubicles

Easy selection of aided schemes and backup options

From the same family as successful predecessors:LFZP Optimho: Over 11500 relays installed since 1989

SHPM Quadramho: Over 6400 installed since 1984

P445 MiCOMho mixes experience with proven new technology

Simple to set and testEasy set option

Static test mode

MiCOMhoCustomer benefits

Page 49: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT

> MiCOMho P44349 49

Design Pedigree:AREVA HV/EHV Distance

GGC

GG

G

TRIP

ALARM

OUT OF SERVICE

HEALTHY

G

G

EDIT

= CLEAR

= ENTER

= READ

C

MiCOM

GGC

GG

G

G

G

TRIP

ALARM

OUT OF SERVICE

HEALTHY

EDIT

= CLEAR

= ENTER

= READ

C

MiCOM

GGC

GG

G

G

G

TRIP

ALARM

OUT OF SERVICE

HEALTHY

EDIT

O I L/R

PXLN SHNBPD571

P439

P432 EHVONE-BOXSOLUTION

P442/P444DISTANCE

PROTECTION

P443/P445MiCOMho

PROTECTION

P437 LFZPOptimho

LFZRLFDC

EPAC

Algos. Algos.Algos. Algos.

Algos. Algos.Ph/select

Algos. SOTF,Schemes

Algos.Control

∆ DirectionP44x/P54x H/W

µmho

Page 50: Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT