argentina case study - babet-real5 · biomass locations with access to the electrical grid for ? kw...

This project is co-funded by the European Union within the Horizon 2020 Programme. Grant Agreement n°654365.

The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

New technology and strategy for a large and sustainable deployment of second generation biofuel in rural areas

BABET–REAL5Nuevas tecnologías para la producción de biocombustibles de segunda

generación en áreas rurales

New technology and strategy for a wide and sustainable deployment

of second generation biofuel plants in rural areas

INTA ArgentinaIng Agr. Jorge A. Hilbert

1

Biofuels Assessment on Technical Opportunities and Research Needs for Latin America

2008-2010

Global Assessment of Biomass and Bioproduct Impacts on Socio-economics and Sustainability

2010 – 2014 https://www.globalbiopact.eu/

New technology and strategy for a wide and sustainable deployment of second generation biofuel plants in rural áreas 2016 - 2020

https://www.babet-real5.eu/

New feedstock and innovative transformation process for a more sustainable development and production of lignocellulosic

ethanol 2009 - 2013

Digital Global Biogas CooperationDiBiCoo

2019 - 2024

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF OUR PARTICIPATION IN EU PROJECTS

https://www.globalbiopact.eu/

https://www.babet-real5.eu/

Suelos Termitas Picudo Rúmen de Llama

INTA WP1 BUSQUEDA Y DESARROLLO DE ENZIMAS LOCALES

Argentine case studyWP 4

Corn cobs and sugar cane residues

✓ Research area

✓ Initial selection of biomass and theoretical quantities.

✓ Agronomic potential

✓ Technical potential

✓ Non-competitive potential

✓ The net amount available and the mapping of the preselected biomass IN high concentrations within a

radius of 50 km.

✓ Logistics and operating costs of preselected biomass.

✓ Factors that generate the greatest risks for a sustainable supply in the short and long term.

✓ Scenarios with different risk scenarios and their impact on the preselected raw material

Preliminar selection of biomass source

The experts set a potential for waste collection at 5 t / ha / year.

With this yield, the theoretical biomass potential for sugarcane

crop residues in 2016 is estimated at 1.3 Mt. The departments that

could provide the most were Leales, Cruz Alta, Simoca and

Burruyacú, with a cane production of sugar between 57 and 75 t /

ha / year.

The theoretical biomass potential varied in the last 7

years between 700,000 t and 1,400,000 t.

The figure shows the theoretical variations of the

biomass potential: Variation were calculated

considering: 50% stems, 20% leaves, 20% cobs and

10% chalas

Agronomical potential

Soil erosion Soil organic matter Biodiversity

Risk areas that should be avoided, a recent study by INTA Gaitan

et al 2017 on erosion of national soil was used. This study

estimates the factors involved in the universal soil loss equation

(USLE) for the estimation of water erosion, integrates all the

factors involved in the equation, through geographic information

systems (GIS) and obtained the map with the land loss rate due.

To water erosion of the entire territory of the Argentine Republic.

The soil specialists of the INTA Pergamino experimental

station conducted a series of studies for the project on

soil carbon balance and projections (Irizar, A.; Milesi

Delaye; L .; Andriulo, A.). To simulate the evolution of

the SOC, the AMG model to predict the evolution of the

SOC. The model is executed annually and assumes

that fresh organic matter is mineralized or humidified in

the soil after one year.

A specific survey was conducted

in the two provinces under study.

Different layers of maps were

used to verify if there was any

conflict between potential raw

material supply areas and

environmental restrictions or

protections.

Nutritional balance

There is a low replenishment of

nutrients in Argentina that can be seen

in the work done by Cruzate and Casas

when the nitrogen, potassium and

phosphorus balance is mapped only

considering the extraction of grains from

the fields. This is corroborated with the

2019 study of INTA Fertilize

Technical potential

Losses during the supply chain can be

estimated from 10 to 20%. Therefore, it can

be concluded that the technical potential

is 80 to 90%.

Losses during the supply chain can be

estimated from 10 to 20%. Therefore, it can

be concluded that the technical potential

is 80 to 90%.

Non competitive potential

• Corn cobs are not usually collected. Harvest costs increase and time will be critical. The price will be more than € 25 / t. It is necessary to develop the entire chain, including a densification process. The use of cobs as feed for livestock will not be competitive at that price. Then the non-competitive potential is estimated at 100%.

• The sugarcane crop residues were left to decompose or burn in the fields. New projects for heating and electricity are being presented. Two contractors pick them up and sell them for fodder or boiler fuel. Commercial price of this biomass between € 17 and € 20 / t. The share of exportable sugarcane crop residues used as a complementary fuel with bagasse is estimated at 10%. Therefore, currently the non-competitive potential is estimated at 90%.

Mapping of net availability of preselected lignocellulosic biomass

• Most departments can concentrate at least 30,000

tons of cob waste within a radius of 50 km, even

under conditions of minimum performance, which

allows for a large potential deployment of 2G ethanol

plants in this region. There are concerns regarding

roads and soil conditions in the harvest season.

• Being an annual crop in rotation the places change

annually

• The results for the amount of waste available in the 500 mbuffer zones according to EEOC studies. The areas aroundthe paved roads for optimized transport are alreadysufficient to obtain a fair raw material of 127,000 tons of drybiomass. By adding the areas around the other types ofroads, the raw material total asciende a 481,000 t debiomasa seca

Production

Surface

ha

Available crop

residues

t

Cane crop area around paved roads

Low 14,002 55,448

Medium 10,313 61,259

High 1,444 10,657

Total 25,759 127,364

Cane crop area around consolidated

improved roads

Production

Low 3,903 15,456

Medium 2,114 12,557

High 229 1,690

Total 6,246 29,703

Cane crop area around dirty roads

Production

Low 38,528 152,571

Medium 24,936 148,120

High 3,198 23,601

Total 66,662 324,292

Total 500 m around the 3 types of roads 98,667 481,359

Department

Available amounts of cob in 50 km radius

(t)

Average Minimum

Colón 78,141 61,243

General Roca 45,049 30,504

General San Martín 54,007 31,070

Juárez Celmán 70,649 33,493

Marcos Juárez 84,808 55,284

Río Cuarto 65,073 22,805

Río Primero 78,900 63,134

Rio Segundo 78,853 39,092

Santa María 51,800 41,954

Tercero Arriba 74,078 38,140

Totoral 98,689 85,123

Unión 67,403 44,046

Operational and logistics costs of the selected biomass

The analysis of the road network was carried out using the

vector layer corresponding to the SIG250 of the National

Geographic Institute (IGN). It was coded according to a

specific bibliography on the relationship between the type of

road and the difficulty of movement (World Bank, 1995).

Thus, to perform the spatial analysis, accessibility was

weighted according to the characteristics of the road network

and, considering the attributes.

The 50% reduction in the speed of the corn harvester, increase

to $ 141 / ha, and the additional cost to harvest the marlo would

be $ 48 / ha (Maung & Al 2011).

Therefore, the general cost of collecting and separating the cob

in a single step would be $ 119 / ha (141-71 + 48) or $ 102 / t (€

82 / t 02/18 utilization rate ) using an average yield for the ear of

0.86 t / ha.

The total cost of supply of sugarcane waste, including

spinning, wrapping and field transport to storage facilities,

loading to the plant and cleaning before processing at the

factory would range between € 36 and € 43 / t ..

Risk and opportunities detection

CORN COBS

• Reduced availability of external collection contractors willing to invest in new machinery for CCR collection.

• Low willingness of producers to increase their risk of harvest due to increases in time

• Harvest concentration and low passability due to coincidence with wet period

• Technologies and transport and storage costs.

RAC

• Energy developers and sugar mills willing to use SCR to generate steam and electricity

• Economy in the use of SCR for the production of energy and paper.

• Availability of contractors for the SCR transport and storage harvest.

This project is co-funded by the European Union within the Horizon 2020 Programme. Grant Agreement n°654365.The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

New technology and strategy for a large and sustainable deployment of second generation biofuel in rural areas

BABET-REAL5WP5

DESARROLLO METODOLOGICO

ESTUDIO DE CASO ARGENTINO

External conditions

10/10/2019 14

• Policy scheme creates a Market through a mandatory 12% cut• Prices set from the central government with differences by raw material (cane /

corn).• 1G plants are gaining in Technology, efficiency and environmental impact.• New co-products are added that benefit the system.• The increase in blending levels is in constant discussion with possibilities of

increase as well as special markets.• Work began on the New Biofuels Law with divergent positions. The carbon

credit scheme is being studied as the recent program of Brazil called RenovaBio

Common methodology

10/10/2019 15

- Applicable within the framework of the duration of the project (maximum 18

months)

- Based primarily on real and available data found at the local / national level

by each participant in the consortium

- Step by step research with goals and decision points happens does not

happen to optimize available resources. (i.e. horan hobre and resources)

- Close cooperation between WP participants seeking and providing

information (eg Arterris, INIA, INTA, Ovalie, WIP) and those in charge of

processing technical information for economic and environmental purposes

(ie INPT, UNAM, CIEMAT, MAGUIN, APYGEC, CMM )

Best scenario for the deployment of plant

10/10/2019 16

Logistics for supplying the

biomass

Logistics for exporting the

ethanol biogas and

byproducts

Access to the facilities and

synergies with other

industrial plants

Mapping of the nearest fuel storage

facilities in or near the area of biomass

concentration

Mapping of the nearest gas storage or

gas injection network facilities in or near

the area of biomass concentration

Mapping of the nearest biofuel

production plants in or near the area of

biomass concentration

Mapping of the nearest biogas

production plants in or near the area of

biomass concentration

Zoom mapping of fields/roads/existing or potential

intermediate storage facilities in the selected area of

concentrated biomass production

Scenarios for the locations of ethanol production

plant(s) taking into account best logistics solutions

(i.e. cost and environmental wise) for supplying

biomass

Locations with access to the electrical

grid for ? KW in the area of

concentration of biomass

Locations of major industrial plants in or

near the area of concentration of

biomass

Location of industrial plants reducing or

ceasing activities (distilleries, 1G

ethanol…)

Locations of distributors and sub-

contractors for raw materials and

services (notably the building and

maintenance of the plant)

Best scenarios for the locations of ethanol production plant(s) taking into account

best logistics solutions for the supply of biomass, the exportation of ethanol and

biogas, the disposal of residues or buproduct use and the access to the facilities

and other raw materials and services

General synoptic

10/10/2019 17

Biomass feedstock:

Defined area(s):

Best scenario for the deployment of

plants taking into account theLogistics for supplying the biomass

Logistics for exporting the ethanol and biogas

and byproducts ex digestate

Access to the electrical and water supplying

grids/networks

Synergies with existing industrial plants

NEXT ROAD MAP + until Dec/18

Local economical data for Feedstock purchasing costs

Chemical products purchasing costs

Electricity, water purchasing costs

Ethanol sales price

Methane sales price

Digestate valorisation

NEXT ROAD MAP

Techno-economic and environmental

evaluation STEP1

Not taking into account local operating

conditionsBiomass samples processing by research labs

(INPT, CIEMAT, UNAM)

WP11, 21, 31 & WP12, 22, 32

AS SOON AS BIOMASS AVAILABLE

Techno-economic and environmental evaluation

STEP2

Taking into account local operating conditions

Preliminary business planProfit & Loss statement for production unit

processing 30,000 t DM

Financial/investment plan for production unit

processing 30,0000 t DM

Socio-economical benefits

Risk analysis

M27-M35 M27-M32 M27-M42

M36-M45

M42-M48

Study area

Ha

10/10/2019 18

Resultados para Tucuman Argentina

10/10/2019 19

10/10/2019 20

Agronomical potential

RAC

❖ 70% of the total reidues in the specific humid area

10/10/2019 20

AREA HUMEDA

Technical availability

RAC

80 to 90%

Losses are estimated between 10 & 20 %

10/10/2019 21

Non competitive use

SCR competitive use

90%

Could be used

It is now left to decompose and sometimes it burns.

Few applications in the area o study for forage

Ther are new projects to produce heat and energy from

RAC and bagazze

10/10/2019 22

Storage step study

❑ 400 kg BalesCost: 13 US$/tn

❑ Rollos de 380 kg12.9 US$/tn

❑ 32.400 tn biomass(8% Humidity)

❑ Storage time: 7 month

❑ Storage 47.500 bales ➔ 94.500 m3

1. Altitude 6 bales: 18.900 m2 967.000 US$ (Valor Oct 2018)

2. Altitude 12 bales: 8.750 m2 ➔ 448.000 US$

❑ Storage altitude 6 bales:

19.684 m2 plastic 200 micrones

➔ 65,6 bobinas/year ~ 3.936,8 kg

Storage considerations

10/10/2019 24

• Feeding requirements of the plant in TMS / day (day distribution)• Area to consider• Harvest period in days / months• Number of storage days required• Type of centralized or decentralized logistics• Type of temporary or permanent storage (roofs or plastic covers)• Maximum height• Final density achieved (bales, pellets)• Amortization of facilities in years• Stabilize Humidity Achieved• Investment in handling and transport equipment

• Number size and power• Amortization in hours of operation• Costs and working conditions

Principal gas and electricity grid in the area Tucumán

Principales input products

Gas Campo Durán, Salta NaOH y H2SO4 : Fábricaciones Militares Río III

UREA: PROFÉRTIL y BUNGE, Bahía Blanca

Results Tucuman Argentina

10/10/2019 27

Harvesting step Know technique 1 Know technique 2

Specify which technique Large square bales 500 kg Large square beles 400 kg

Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the harvesting of the biomass in liters per ton equivalent dry matter 1,20 1,10

Post-harvesting step

Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the uploading of the harvested biomass on the transportaion vehicule to the plant

in liters per ton equivalent dry matter 0,23 0,24

If additional conditioning of the biomass is required prior to transportation (e.g. pressing for wheat chaff) not applicable not applicable

Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the conditioning of the harvested biomass in liters per ton equivalent dry matter not applicable not applicable

Transporting step Selected mean of transportation Selected mean of transportation

Specify which type of transport and full load capacity (e.g. truck 20 t) truck with trailes 240 HP 30 tons truck with trailes 240 HP 30 tons

Estimated diesel fuel consumption in liters per 100 km at full load 31 - 35 31 - 35

Pre-storing step (if applicable) Selected pre-storing technique Selected pre-storing technique

Downloading of the biomass from the transporting vehicule and assembling of the biomass for the pre-storage not applicable not applicable

Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the downloading of the biomass in liters per ton equivalent dry matter not applicable not applicable

If plastic sheets or other consumables are required to condition the biomass, specify which type not applicable not applicable

Estimated quantity in kg per ton equivalent dry matter not applicable not applicable

Storing step Selected storage technique Selected storage technique

Specify which type (under shed, under silage if biomass harvested wet, etc.) permanent covered storage covered storage with plastic sheets

Downloading of the biomass from the transporting vehicule and assembling of the biomass for the storage type manitou MT 742 type manitou MT 742

Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the downloading of the biomass in liters per ton equivalent dry matter 0,1 0,1

If plastic sheets or other consumables are required to condition the biomass, specify which type of plastic permanent roof no cement floor

poliethilene 200 micrones UV

protection

Estimated quantity in kg per ton equivalent dry matter 0,3 0,3

DATA related to the biomass for APYGEC/CMM to run the Life Cycle Assessment


10/10/2019 28

Data to help defining the best scenario of the plant(s) location(s) and for the LCA evaluation of APYGEC/CMM

N.B. The objective of collecting the geographical coordinates is to be able to map the different locations in a GIS in the country

Location of the plant ruta Provincial 322 y la ruta Nacional 9. 27°04'32.8"S 65°09'28.9"W

Exportation of the products GPS or UTM geographical coordinates

Means of transportation (i.e. truck + capacity in

tons per trip; train + capacity; boat + capacity)

Estimated distance between the location and the

centre of the targeted area(s) of biomass supply

Location of the nearest ethanol storage or fuel

blending facility in or near the targeted area(s) of

biomass supply 31°21'18.5"S 63°59'01.8"W Trucks by road capacity 34 to 39000 liters

Location of the nearest methane storage facility in or

near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -22.205288, -63.660642 By pipeline from Campo Duran, Salta

Location of the nearest methane injection port to the

national grid in or near the targeted area(s) of 27°05'14.6"S 65°14'54.5"W

Location of the nearest 1G ethanol production plants

in or near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply27°04'17 S 65°13'40"W

Leales biorefinery produces 1 generation

bioethanol

Location of the nearest methane production plants in

or near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply26°50'41.9"S 65°08'22.9"W

Location of the nearest energy production plant from

gas fuel in or near the targeted area(s) of biomass

supply

26°59'33.5"S 65°10'59.5"W

Importation of the facilities to the

plant gateLocations of the electricity substation(s) with

sufficient delivery capacity in or near the targeted

area(s) of biomass supply

Locations of the natural gas substation(s) with



Locations of the tap water substation(s) with sufficient

delivery capacity in or near the targeted area(s) of

biomass supply

Importation of the chemicals to the

plant gate GPS or UTM geographical coordinates



Estimated distance between the departure and

arrival locations by type of means of

transportation

Location of the nearest bulk distribution station(s) for

NaOH to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -26.776815, -65.226885 Truck 43 km

Location of the manufacturing plant(s) for NaOH

inside or outside the country

See details bellow A60 of all the locations of

plants in Argentina Truck

659 km( Considering Transport from Fábrica Militar

Río Tercero ). There are more options


H2SO4 to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -26.776815, -65.226885 Truck 28.800 L 43 km

Location of the nearest manufacturing plants for

H2SO4 inside or outside the country


plants in Argentina Truck 28.800 L




urea to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply 26°42'07.6"S 65°13'40.4"W LUBRE SRL 44,3 km

Location of the nearest manufacturing plants for urea


Profertil 38 47 09 S 62 16 39 W Bunge 34 10

59 S 59 00 37 W By truck 29 tons

Distance from PROFERTIL: 1496 KM .

Distance from BUNGE: 1152 km

Within a radius of 20 km around the plant

Substations 1, 2, 3 ...GPS or UTM coordinates

30 and 150 Kv lines pass by the location

Main gas pipe that takes gas to the south goes my the plant. According to the company the posibility of injection is conditioned to the volume and cost of a

substation.

Groundwater extraction from the aquifer is needed (well with pump)

10/10/2019 29

Data to help defining the best scenario of the plant(s) location(s) and for the LCA evaluation of APYGEC/CMM

N.B. The objective of collecting the geographical coordinates is to be able to map the different locations in a GIS in the country

Location of the plant ruta Provincial 322 y la ruta Nacional 9. 27°04'32.8"S 65°09'28.9"W

Exportation of the products GPS or UTM geographical coordinates



Estimated distance between the location and the

centre of the targeted area(s) of biomass supply

Location of the nearest ethanol storage or fuel

blending facility in or near the targeted area(s) of

biomass supply 31°21'18.5"S 63°59'01.8"W Trucks by road capacity 34 to 39000 liters

Location of the nearest methane storage facility in or

near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -22.205288, -63.660642 By pipeline from Campo Duran, Salta

Location of the nearest methane injection port to the

national grid in or near the targeted area(s) of 27°05'14.6"S 65°14'54.5"W

Location of the nearest 1G ethanol production plants

in or near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply27°04'17 S 65°13'40"W

Leales biorefinery produces 1 generation

bioethanol

Location of the nearest methane production plants in

or near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply26°50'41.9"S 65°08'22.9"W

Location of the nearest energy production plant from

gas fuel in or near the targeted area(s) of biomass

supply

26°59'33.5"S 65°10'59.5"W

Importation of the facilities to the

plant gateLocations of the electricity substation(s) with



Locations of the natural gas substation(s) with



Locations of the tap water substation(s) with sufficient

delivery capacity in or near the targeted area(s) of

biomass supply

Importation of the chemicals to the

plant gate GPS or UTM geographical coordinates



Estimated distance between the departure and

arrival locations by type of means of

transportation


NaOH to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -26.776815, -65.226885 Truck 43 km

Location of the manufacturing plant(s) for NaOH



plants in Argentina Truck




H2SO4 to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -26.776815, -65.226885 Truck 28.800 L 43 km

Location of the nearest manufacturing plants for

H2SO4 inside or outside the country


plants in Argentina Truck 28.800 L




urea to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply 26°42'07.6"S 65°13'40.4"W LUBRE SRL 44,3 km

Location of the nearest manufacturing plants for urea


Profertil 38 47 09 S 62 16 39 W Bunge 34 10

59 S 59 00 37 W By truck 29 tons

Distance from PROFERTIL: 1496 KM .

Distance from BUNGE: 1152 km

Within a radius of 20 km around the plant

Substations 1, 2, 3 ...GPS or UTM coordinates

30 and 150 Kv lines pass by the location

Main gas pipe that takes gas to the south goes my the plant. According to the company the posibility of injection is conditioned to the volume and cost of a

substation.

Groundwater extraction from the aquifer is needed (well with pump)

10/10/2019 30

Pasos Tecnicas seleccionadas Costo € / t DM

Cosecha Fardos prismatico (400/500 kg each) 11,4

Post-cosecha

Transporte distancia 10 km 1,24

Pre-almacenamiento Descarga 1,15

Almacenamiento altura de 6 fardos 1,61

Costo total 15,36

Compensación por pérdidas de material orgánica y reposición mineral -

Ganancia estimada para el productor 20

Precio estimado de compra 35,36

Preliminary results WP52 Argentina

RAC Tucumán

Preliminary results WP52 Argentina

10/10/2019 31

Products Prices Comments

Etanol a venta €/l – Precio corriente 0.508 Actualizado SE

Rango del los últimos cinco años 0.80

Methane to sale €/MWhLHV 30,80 GNC vehicular

Rango del los últimos cinco años

Compra gas natural €/MWhLHV 19.45

Rango ultimos 5 años 18.70 Precio mínimo

NaOH €/t producto puro 855 Actual

H2SO4 €/t producto puro 189 Actual

RAC Tucumán


10/10/2019 32

Points to continue working till the end of

the project

10/10/2019 33

• Markets and posibilities & selling prices of coproducts• Biomethane posibilities in the región• Test new data on the techno economic and environmental

tool.• Sensibility analysis• Electric generation competition with 1G plants on bagaze• Effluent volumes and treatment• Residues post-treament and posible use• Economics & energy balances• Environmental impact and GHG results

Gracias por la atención !!

Jorge Antonio Hilbert

Instituto de Ingeniería Rural INTA

[email protected]

EQUIPO DE TRABAJOWP4 y 5

Jorge A. HilbertJoaquin M OrtizDaniel GrassoLuis E ErazzuJonatan Manosalva

argentina case study - babet-real5 · biomass locations with access to the electrical grid for ? kw...

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