Presentation onCultivation of

ARHARPresented By,

Rashmi Ranjan MoharanaB.Sc. (Ag.) 4th Yr.

Adm. No.- 21B/10.

•Common name – Arhar•Scientific name – Cajanus cajan•Family – Fabaceae•Origin – Africa (Upper region of river Nile)

INTRODUCTIONAlso known as pigeon pea, red gram

, tur .Most drought tolerant crop among

pulses .Contributes about 15% in total

pulses area as well as production of India .

The second most important pulse crop of India ( 1st – chickpea )

Utility Values of Arhar:Dry seed is dehulled & the split

cotyledons (dal) are cooked to make thick soup primarily for mixing with rice (dal-rich source of protein).

The ability of pigeon pea to produce economic yields under soil moisture deficit makes it an important crop of dry land agriculture.

The husk of pods after threshing is also used as cattle feed.

Classification –

1. C.cajan var. bicolour

Perennial , late maturity , mostly grown in north india .

2. C. cajan var. flavus

Annual , early maturity , mostly grown in south india

Botany :

Deep rooted, Self pollinated Hypogeal germination C3 short day plant Hardy crop, most drought tolerant crop among major pulses

Area and Distribution: In India 90% area & 85% production on global basis . Ranks 6th in area and production in comparison to other

pulses.

India:-

Area-3.61 mha Production-2.7mt Productivity-747kg\ha

Area: Maharashtra > UP > KarnatakaProduction: UP > Maharashtra > GujratProductivity: Bihar > UP

Varieties Short duration ( 110 -125 days)

UPAS 120 Prabhat ICPH 8 (1st hybrid by ICRISAT in 1991) ICPL 870

Medium duration ( 150 – 180 days )

Mukta , C -11 , BDNI-2

Long duration – ( 180 – 300 days ) Pusa 9

Odisha varities – UPAS 120 ICPL 87

Criteria for selection of varieties:For kharif, early and extra-early varieties are

avoided because rain coincides with flowering and pod formation. Also late maturing varities face terminal stress. So medium are ideal.

E.g; ICPL 332 (Abhaya), ICPL 8719 (Asha), Maruti (LRG-41)

For Rabi, early maturing varieties are chosen. E.g; ICPL-87 (Pragati).

Soil & Land preparation :at least one ploughing during the dry season

followed by 2 or 3 harrowings. Summer ploughing

- to control weeds - to control soil moisture

Well-drained soils for good root and nodule development. Contour beds or a ridge-and-furrow systems

prevent water logging due to draining excess surface water, also soil erosion.

It can be grown on a wide range from Sandy loams to clay loams.

Avoid Saline, Alkaline and water logged

Climate :Temperature : •26° to 30°C in the rainy season (June to October) •17° to 22°C in the post rainy (November to March) season.

It tolerates heat and drought. It prefers moist and warm climate during

vegetative period and cool and dry period during reproductive stage.

It is susceptible to frost.

Seeds and sowing:Seed Rate: 1) Kharif: 12- 15 Kgs/ ha.

2) Rabi: 45 Kgs/ha.Spacing: 1)Short duration-60x10 cm 2) Medium & Long duration -75x20 cm.Plant population : 1) Kharif: 55,000 plants/ha.

2) Rabi: 3.33 lakh plants/ ha.Sowing time: 1st fortnight of June.

Kharif- June to July, Rabi- Sept. to Oct.Early sowings are always better.Harvesting index: 19% (Lowest in among pulses)

Nutrient management:-RDF = 20 – 50 – 20 kg/ha

NPKZinc Sulphate : 5 kg/ haManures: 5 tons/ha of

FYM

Bio-fertilizers: For early and

effective nodulation, seed treatment with Rhizobium.

Irrigation:-Pigeonpea is largely grown as a rainfed

crop.The critical periods for Irrigation are -flower-initiation -pod-filling stages. Redgram grown in Kharif does not

require any irrigation.Weed managementPigeonpea is a slow -growing crop during the first 6-8 weeks, and 2 harrowings during this period would be adequate to check weed growth.

Herbicides recommended :- pre -emergence application of Alachlor (Lasso) @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha, Fluchloralin (Basalin) @ 1.5kg a.i/ha.

Harvesting & Threshing:-harvested when 75 - 80 % of the pods are at

physiological maturity.The whole plants are cut when most of the pods

are dried. Plants are usually cut 7.5 – 25 cm above ground.

Delayed harvesting, during bad weather, may increase the risk of damage to mature seed.

The harvested plants are tied in bundles and transported to a threshing floor. These are stacked in upright bundles to dry. The pods and grain are separated by beating the dry plants with sticks or by using a thresher .

Yield:- For irrigated – 15-18 qt/haRainfed – 10-15 q/haInter/Mixed cropping- 5 - 6 q/ha Stick – 50 – 60 q /ha

IMPORTANT POINTS: Protein content : 25 %Highest productivity: Bihar (1115 Kg/ha.)Harvesting index : 19% ( Lowest among in all pulses )

Disease – Wilt , stem rot , Cankers , sterility mosaic

Insect and pest – Pod borer , plume moth , hairy caterpillar , leaf hopper , bean fly .

Fusarium wiltPod borer

Cropping system:-In India, it was estimated that 80 % - 90 % of the pigeonpea were intercropped. Intercropping:-Sorghum + pigeon peaMaize + pigeon peaPigeonpea + groundnut Sequential cropping:Pigeonpea – Wheat/mustard – greengramPigeonpea + greengram – wheat/mustardMaize – pigeonpea

Advantages of intercrops: Greater yield when other crop fails Intercropping may reduce the incidence of weeds.

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