ARIZONA JUVENILE JUSTICE COMMISSION

May 2, 2019

Arizona Criminal Justice Commission

2018 Arizona Youth Survey Highlights Presentation to the Arizona Juvenile Justice Commission

Jaimie Jeffords, PhD

Director of Research

May 2, 2019

What is the Arizona Youth Survey (AYS)?

Mandated by A.R.S. §41-2416

Biennial survey of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students in schools across all 15 counties

Assesses the frequency of risk behaviors and related risk/protective factors

Based on nationally recognized surveys, including Communities that Care (CTC) and Monitoring the Future (MTF)

History of Participation:

Survey

Year 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Number of

Schools 319 372 349 243 249 246

Number of

Students 54,734 63,784 62,817 48,244 57,170 49,009

What kinds of questions are asked?

The survey covers a variety of topics including:

Substance Use

Gang Involvement

Problematic Behaviors (Impaired Driving, Gambling, etc.)

School Experiences and Interactions

Bullying

Family / Household Interactions

Goal-Setting and Future Orientation

Risk and Protective Factors (RPFs)

Other Contextual Factors

Survey Administration

The AYS is administered by teachers or other administrators in schools

that agree to participate.

The survey is:

Anonymous

Voluntary

Free for schools

Available in online or paper-pencil formats

Administered on a day specified by the school

Passive parental consent forms

2018 Sample Characteristics: Grade

[CATEGORY

NAME]

[PERCENTAGE]

Grade 10

36%

Grade 12

29%

2018 Sample Characteristics: Sex

Male

50%

Female

50%

2018 Sample Characteristics: Race/Ethnicity

[CATEGORY

NAME]

[PERCENTAGE]

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

3% Black/African

American

5%

Asian/Pacific

Islander

3%

Multiracial

5%

[CATEGORY

NAME]

[PERCENTAGE]

State Trends: 2014 – 2018 Substance Use

30-Day Substance Use

33.3%

66.7%

2014

31.4%

68.6%

2016

Any Use No Use

35.2%

64.8%

2018

30-Day Use: All Substances

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Synthetic Drugs

OTC Drugs

Prescription Drugs

Steroids

Ecstasy

Heroin or Other Opiates

Methamphetamines

Inhalants

Cocaine

Hallucinogens

Marijuana Concentrates

Marijuana

E-Cigarettes

Cigarettes

Alcohol

2014 2016 2018

30-Day Use: Most Common Substances

5%

20%

4%

16%

20%

7%

13%

5%

12%

20%

10%

6%

14%

24%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Cigarettes

E-Cigarettes

Prescription Drugs

Marijuana

Alcohol

2014 2016

30-Day Use: Tobacco

10%

7%

13%

5%

20%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Cigarettes E-Cigarettes

2014 2016

Sources of Substances: Marijuana

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Other

Internet

Parties

School

Friends

Home

Family/Relatives

Dispensary outside AZ

Dispensary within AZ

Someone with a Medical…

2014 2016

Sources of Substances: Alcohol

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Other

Internet

Party

Someone Under 21

Someone Else Over 21

Family Member Over 21

Gave Someone Else Money for…

My Parent(s)/Guardian(s)

Stole from Home

Stole from Someone Else's…

Outside of U.S.

Public Event

Store

Bar/Restaurant/Club

2014 2016

Sources of Substances: Prescription Drugs

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Other

Internet

Party

School

Friends

Home

Family/Relative

Doctor/Pharmacy Outside the U.S.

Doctor/Pharmacy Inside the U.S.

2014 2016 2018

Reasons for Using

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Other

Be like someone famous

Get back at my parents/get…

Keep from feeling sad or down

Get high/have a good feeling

Needed it, craved it, or am…

Stress from school

Stress from parents/family

Have fun

2014 2016

Reasons for Not Using

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Other

Harm my body

Illegal

Friends would stop talking to…

Bad reputation with peers

Kicked out of school or…

Parents would take away privileges

Other adults would be disappointed

Parents would be disappointed

Couldn't get it/wasn't offered

Tried before and didn't like

Not interested

2014 2016

Reasons for Not Using

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100%

Other

Harm my body

Illegal

Friends would stop talking to me/hanging out…

Bad reputation with peers

Kicked out of school or extracurricular…

Parents would take away privileges

Other adults would be disappointed

Parents would be disappointed

Couldn't get it/wasn't offered

Tried before and didn't like

Not interested

2014 2016 2018

Perceived Risk

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Smoke one or more packs of cigarettes per dayTry marijuana once or twiceSmoke marijuana regularly1-2 alcoholic drinks nearly every day5+ drinks once or twice a weekAbuse Rx drugsUse illegal drugs besides marijuana

2014 2016 2018

Parent-Child Conversations

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Tobacco Use Alcohol Use Rx Drug Use Marijuana Use Other Illegal

Drug UseConversation Topic

2014

2016

2018

Risky Behaviors (last 12 months)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Harassed or made fun of another person…

Placed a bet or gambled on anything for…

Threatened, shot at, or shot someone with a…

Physically assaulted boyfriend/girlfriend

Been in a physical fight

Taken a handgun to school

Drunk or high at school

Attacked someone with the idea of seriously…

Been arrested

Stolen or tried to steal a motor vehicle

Stolen something worth more than $5

Sold illegal drugs

Carried a handgun

Suspended from school

2014 2016

Risky Behaviors: Binge Drinking and Polysubstance Use

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Binge Drinking

(last 2 weeks)

Polysubstance Use

(last 30 days)

Rx Pain Relievers +

Alcohol

(last 30 days)2014 2016 2018

Risky Behaviors: Impaired Driving (last 30 days)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

RIDE (alcohol) RIDE

(marijuana)

DRIVE (alcohol) DRIVE

(marijuana)

DRIVE

(texting/talking

on phone)

2014 2016 2018

County 2018 Results: Key Takeaways

Arizona’s most commonly used substances: alcohol, e-cigarettes, and marijuana

Most common source of marijuana: Friends

Most common source of alcohol: Party

Most common sources of Rx drugs: Friends

Most common reason for using: To have fun

Things to Remember

Survey data

Generalizability to non-surveyed students

Participation is voluntary, not random

Other potential correlates

Consider magnitude of changes over time

How can I access AYS data?

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Visit our website: http://azcjc.gov/statistical-analysis-center

Email: aysdatarequest@azcjc.gov

Jaimie Jeffords, PhD

Director of Research

jjeffords@azcjc.gov

ARIZONA JUVENILE JUSTICE COMMISSION

May 2, 2019

Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections

Trauma-Informed Approaches

Shannon Hendrickson, Psy.D., HSPP

Clinical Director

Overview • Make trauma-informed screening, assessment and care the standard.

• Evaluate juvenile justice correctional practices that traumatize youth and further reduce their opportunities to become productive members of society.

• Provide juvenile justice services appropriate to youth’s ethno-cultural background that are based on an assessment of each violence-exposed youth’s individual needs.

• Provide care and services to address the special circumstances and needs of girls.

• Provide care and services to address the special circumstances and needs of LGBTQ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/transsexual/questioning) youth.

• Help, do not punish, child victims of sex trafficking.

STAFF TRAINING

• Part I

• Academy

• In-Service

• Department-Specific

• Unit-Specific

Staff Training

• Suicide Prevention

• Behavior Development

• Adolescent Development

– Social, Cognitive, Moral, Physical, Identity, and Neurological

• Evidence-Based Practices

• Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) &

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Staff Training

• Gender Responsive Services

• Clinical Interventions

• Substance Abuse

• Sex Trafficking

• Vicarious Trauma, Burnout, and Self-Care

• Therapeutic Crisis Intervention (TCI)

• Handle With Care (HWC)

Staff Training

INTAKE AND SERVICES

• Part II

• Record Review

• Clinical Interview

• Family Questionnaire

• ACEs Questionnaire

• Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children

• Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth

• Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory

• Suicide Probability Scale and Massachusetts Youth

Screening Instrument

Initial Intake Assessment

Treatment Services

• Treatment recommendations

• Continuous Case Plan

• Unit, staff, and group assignment

• Individual therapy

• Family therapy

• Group therapy

Treatment Services

• Psychiatric services

• Medical services

• Educational and vocational services

• Prosocial activities

• Progress monitoring

• Re-entry planning and continuity of care

Group Therapy

• Aggression Replacement Training

• Dialectical Behavior Therapy

• Seven Challenges

• Sex Trafficking Awareness and Recovery

• Resource Guide Groups

Individual Therapy

• Eye Movement Desensitization and

Reprocessing (EMDR)

• Mindfulness

• Stages of Accomplishment

• Victim Empathy

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

• Part III

Future Developments

• Training

• Staff Interventions

• Classification and Assessment

Future Developments

• Policies

• Treatment services

• Re-entry Planning

Future Developments

• TARGET (Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide

for Education and Therapy)

• TIERS (A Trauma Informed Effective

Reinforcement System)

• Think Trauma

QUESTIONS?

Shannon Hendrickson, Psy.D., HSPP, Clinical Director

Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections

SHendrickson@azdjc.gov

ARIZONA JUVENILE JUSTICE COMMISSION

May 2, 2019