arizona soils and their importance - maricopa
TRANSCRIPT
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Arizona Soils and Their Importance
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What is the world’s most valuable natural resource?
What is one of the world’s most extensive natural resource?
Soil is!
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Why is soil the world’s most valuable natural resource?
• Food – plants depend on soil to grow, animals depend on plants to live
• Water holding capabilities• Pollution filter• Temperature control• Habitat for plants and animals• Many important biological processes
carried out here
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Soil
• Minerals derived from rocks
• Organic material derived from life
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The 5 C’s of Arizona• Copper• Cotton• Citrus• Cattle• Climate (tourism)
How many of these depend at some level on soil?Cotton- it grows in soil
Citrus- grows in soil also
Cattle- eat what grows from soil
Climate- some aspects of Arizona’s tourism industry depend on soil (plants, animals, food)
Some other Arizona C’s
Cacti- dependant on soil
Canyons- soil developed from them but not dependant on soil
Cactus wren- dependant on plants which are dependant on soil
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What is soil?
• The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the
growth of land plants
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What makes a soil?
1. Soil starts as a rock2. Weathering breaks down the rock
-Heat, water, freezing, wind, plant roots3. Rock particles (sand, silt, and clay)
separate into horizons through further weathering
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Development of soil
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Development of soil
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Soil Air
• Air is trapped between grains • Air diffuses through soil to and from the
atmosphere• Provides organisms with O2 and other
gasses• Removes CO2 and other gasses released
by organisms
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Soil Water
• Water is trapped between grains • Water percolates down through soil• Minerals and organic molecules dissolve
in the water• Dissolved materials are leeched
downward
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Alluvial Fan Soil
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Soils
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Alluvial Fan Soil
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Soil Horizons
• Organic Horizon-O• Topsoil-A (organic and
mineral)
• Pale Soil-E (leeched)
• Subsoil-B (leechate)
• Quiet Horizon-C(sand & gravel)
• Bedrock-R (solid rock)
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What people typically think
of soil
What typical desert soil is
like-Black organic matter from plants near surface
-Loose, lots of space for air and water
-Not as complicated
-Tan to red in color
-Organic matter from plants nearly absent
-A lot more complex
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Soil from near Oracle, Arizona
• Parent material deposited by running water
• Arid climate• Steep topography,
alluvial fan• Desert scrub vegetation• Time: 2 million years
Source: CD from Environmental Science:Toward a Sustainable Future, 9/e, Richard T. Wright
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Desert Soils• Coarse textures = high water infiltration• Fine textures = low water infiltration
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Desert Soils• Cryptobiotic crusts
– Microscopic algae, lichens and mosses
– Easily destroyed by trampling and off-road vehicles
– Current area of research
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Desert Soils
• Desert pavement
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Desert Soils• Desert varnish
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Desert Soils• Desert pavement
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Distribution of soil
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Plants and soil
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Plant roots
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Soil Bacteria
• Decomposers• Mineralizers
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Rooting structure
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Soil interactions