MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq

cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v

†Rjv Z_¨ t PÆMÖvg

Avey †gv —dv Kvgvj DwÏb Ges

†gvt mvB` Bd‡ZLvi

Rvbyqvwi, 2005

†cÖvMÖvg †W‡fjc‡g›U Awdm mgwš^Z DcK~jxq AÂj e¨e ’vcbv cwiKíbv cÖKí

†Rjv Z_¨ : PÆMÖvg cÖKvkKvj : Rvbyqvwi, 2005 cÖKvkbvq : wcwWI-AvBwm‡RWGgwc mvqgb †m›Uvi (5g I 6ô Zjv) evwo : 4 G, †ivW : 22 ¸jkvb 1, XvKv 1212| †dvb : (880-2) 8826614, 9892787 d¨v· : (880-2) 8826614 B-†gBj : pdo@iczmpbd.org I‡qe mvBU : www.iczmpbangladesh.org I cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v (Iqvi‡cv) evwo : 103, †ivW : 01 ebvbx, XvKv 1213| †cÖvMÖvg †W‡fjc‡g›U Awdm - mgwš^Z DcK~jxq AÂj e¨e¯’vcbv cwiKíbv (wcwWI-AvBwm‡RWGgwc) evsjv‡`k, †b`vij¨vÛ I hy³ivR¨ miKv‡ii A_©vq‡b cwiPvwjZ GKwU eûLvZwfwËK Ges eûcÖwZôvbwfwËK D‡`¨vM, †hLv‡b cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq n‡”Q g~j gš¿Yvjq Ges cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v (Iqvi‡cv) g~j ms ’v| gy`ªb mn‡hvwMZvq : ISBN :

Z‡_¨i cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi ¶gZvq‡bi GKwU cÖqvm †Rjv Z_¨ : PÆMÖvg

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq A‡ji f~-cÖK…wZ Ab¨ AÂj †_‡K ^Zš¿| GKw`‡K cÖK…wZi Acvi m¤ú` Ab¨w`‡K cÖK…wZi weiƒcZvi cÖwZ j¶¨ †i‡LB G A‡ji 19wU †Rjvi Dbœqb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| G j‡¶¨ wcwWI-AvBwm‡RWGgwc cÖKí GKwU bxwZgvjvi Lmov cÖ ‘Z I Kg©‡KŠkj wba©viY K‡i‡Q| Kg©‡KŠkj¸‡jvi wfwˇZ Kvh©µg ev Íevqb Kiv n‡e| Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡g RbM‡Yi mwµq AskMÖnY Kvh©Kwi Ki‡Z DcK‚jxq A‡ji 19wU †Rjvi cÖwZwUi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i Z_¨ eB †jLv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z K‡i †Rjvi RbMY ¯^-¯ †Rjvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv I ev¯Íevq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡e| Avey †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj DwÏb Ges †gvt mvB` Bd‡ZLvi †hŠ_fv‡e GB eBwU wj‡L‡Qb| Ab¨vb¨ hviv GB eB wjL‡Z wewfbœ mg‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb Zviv n‡jb gwnDwÏb Avng` I W. †gvt wjqvKZ Avjx| A¶i wŸb¨vm I †j- AvD‡U mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb †gvt byi“¾vgvb wgqv| eBwUi ch©v‡jvPbvmn gZvgZ w`‡q‡Qb wcwWI I Iqvi‡cv-i we‡klÁ e„›`| G Qvov PÆMÖvg †Rjvi wewfbœ e¨w³eM© gZvgZ w`‡q eBwU‡K mg„× K‡i‡Qb| W. Gg. iwdKzj Bmjvg eBwU wjL‡Z mvwŸ©K civgk© I w`K wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q‡Qb|

gyLeÜ evsjv‡`‡ki e¨e ’vcbv Kvh©µg †RjvwfwËK| HwZn¨MZ fv‡eB gvby‡li †RjvwfwËK cwiPq i‡q‡Q| Aciw`‡K †Rjv¸‡jviI mywbw`©ó ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Êi †K› ªI †Rjv| Ab¨w`‡K DcK~jxq Rxebgv‡bi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev —evqb Kivi bxwZMZ wm×vš— DcK~jxq AÂj bxwZgvjvq i‡q‡Q| mgwš^Z DcK‚j AÂj e¨e¯’vcbvi g~j bxwZ nj RbM‡Yi AskMÖn‡Y Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev —evqb| DcK‚jxq AÂj Dbœq‡b †RjvwfwËK D‡`¨vM‡K Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb †Rjvi RbM‡Yi mwµq AskMÖnY| ZvB, †Rjvi RbMY‡K Zv‡`i wbR wbR †Rjvi Ae¯’v, Ae ’vb, cÖvK„wZK m¤ú`, mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kivi Rb¨ †RjvwfwËK GB eB †jLv n‡q‡Q| DcK‚jxq 19wU †Rjvi Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v eB †jLv I cÖPvi Kiv n‡”Q| GB eBwU †jLv n‡q‡Q PÆMÖvg †Rjvi RbMY‡K Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡g mswk−ó Kivi Rb¨| G‡Z i‡q‡Q †Rjvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i eY©bv, †fŠZ I gvbe m¤ú‡`i eY©bv Ges fwel¨‡Z G m¤ú‡`i Ae ’v Kx n‡Z cv‡i †mB eY©bv| GB eB-Gi cÖavb Ask¸‡jv n‡”Q Õmgm¨v I cÖwZeÜKZvÕ Ges Õm¤¢vebv I my‡hvMÕ-Gi Dci wek` eY©bv| GB eY©bvi Z_¨wfwËK we‡k−lY Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q Ab¨vb¨ As‡k| ZvB †Rjvi mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv¸‡jv †R‡b wb‡q Dbœqb cwiKíbvq AvMÖn m„wó I Ae`vb ivL‡Z GB eB RbMY Z_v Dbœqb Askx`vi‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Zv QvovI ÕDcK~jxq Dbœqb †KŠkj wba©viYÕ Av‡jvPbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb mnvqK Av‡jvPbvq GB eB mnvqZv Ki‡e e‡j Avgiv Avkv Kwi|

GB eB‡qi Rb¨ Z_¨ †bqv n‡q‡Q cÖavbZ weweGm-Gi wewfbœ cÖKvkbv †_‡K| Gi c‡iB me‡P‡q †ewk Z_¨ G‡m‡Q cÖK‡íi wewfbœ cÖKvkbv †_‡K| G QvovI cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v, ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi, Rb¯^v¯’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi, evsjv‡`k cj−x Dbœqb †evW©, evsjvwcwWqv, g„wËKv m¤ú` Dbœqb Bbw÷wUDU, evsjv‡`k AvenvIqv cwi`ßi †_‡K Z_¨ †bqv n‡q‡Q| mvnvh¨ †bqv n‡q‡Q PÆMÖv‡gi Dc‡i wjwLZ wewfbœ eB †_‡K - 1. we.we.Gm., 2002| K…wl ïgvix 1996 : †Rjv wmwiR PÆMÖvg| evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv| XvKv,

AvMó, 2002|

2. Iqv‡R`, Ave`yj, 2002| evsjv‡`‡ki b`xgvjv| cvjK cvewjkvm©| XvKv, †deª“qvwi, 2002|

3. †`ee¤§©v, †PŠayix kªxc~Y©P›`ª, 2004| PÆMÖv‡gi BwZnvm| MwZaviv| XvKv, gvP©, 2004|

4. PDO-ICZMP, 2001. Inventory of Coastal & Estuarine Island & Char lands (Draft Report), Program Development Office for Intergrated Coastal Zone Management Plan Project; Bangladesh. Dhaka, Augus, 2001.

5. CEGIS, 2004. Vulnerability Analysis of Major Livelihood Groups in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh, Final Report, Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services. Dhaka, May 2004.

6. Rizvi, S.N.H., 1975. Banglaesh District Gazetteers Chittagong, Establishment, Division, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Dhaka, 1975.

Z_¨ †bqv n‡q‡Q wewfbœ RvZxq ˆ`wb‡K PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Dci cÖKvwkZ msev` I wbeÜ †_‡K| G QvovI eBwUi we‡kl ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨evb Z_¨ I gZvgZ w`‡q‡Qb :

Rbve †gvt Avãym mvËvi, evsjv‡`k we`y¨r Dbœqb †evW©, gywRe †ivW, PÆMÖvg| Rbve gywbi †njvj, †Kv‡WK, Puv`MuvI, PÆMÖvg| Rbve †gvt bRi“j Bmjvg f~Bqv, ˆ`wbK mycÖfvZ evsjv‡`k, †gvwgb †ivW, PÆMÖvg| Rbve GGgGg †Zvnv, Bcmv, Puv`MuvI, PÆMÖvg| Rbvev ˆmq`v †di‡`Šm Av³vi, mgvR‡mev Awa`ßi, †iŠdvev`, PÆMÖvg| Rbve †`Iqvb Kvdi“j nvmvb, eb wefvM, b›`b Kvbb, PÆMÖvg|

m~PxcÎ gyLeÜ †Rjv gvbwPÎ m~Pbv 1

GK bR‡i PÆMÖvg 2 †Rjvi Ae ’vb 3 Dc‡Rjv Z_¨ mvibx 4

cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek 7

cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek 7 LwbR m¤ú` 10 K…wl m¤ú` 10 `y‡h©vM 11 wec`vcbœZv 13

Rxeb I RxweKv 15

RbmsL¨v 15 Rb ^v ’ 15 wk¶v 16 Awfevmb 17 mvgvwRK Dbœqb 17 A_©‰bwZK Ae ’v 17 cÖavb RxweKv `j 17 `vwi ª 18

bvix‡`i Ae ’vb 19 AeKvVv‡gv 21

iv¯—v-NvU 21 †cvìvi 21 N~wY©So Avkªq‡K› ª 21 mvgvwRK I ag©xq cÖwZôvb 21 M‡elYv cÖwZôvb 21 A_©‰bwZK AeKvVv‡gv 21 wkí I evwYR¨ AeKvVv‡gv 22 K…wl AeKvVv‡gv 23 Dbœqb cÖKí 23

mgm¨v I cÖwZeÜKZv 25

cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v 25 wkí Dbœq‡bi mgm¨v 27 AeKvVv‡gvMZ mgm¨v 28 Av_©-mvgvwRK mgm¨v 29

m¤¢vebv I my‡hvM 31

wkí Dbœqb 31 Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb 32 cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` e¨envi I msi¶Y 32 K…wl m¤ú` Dbœqb 33 AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb 34

fwel¨‡Zi iƒc‡iLv 35 `k©bxq ¯’vb 37

†Rjv gvbwPÎ

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

1

Dc‡Rjv 26wU †cŠimfv 6wU BDwbqb I IqvW© 308wU †gŠRv/gnj−v 1,299wU MÖvg 1,329wU

m~Pbv e›`i bMix PÆMÖvg cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡KB evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb I mg„w×i PvwjKvkw³ wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| Abb¨ cÖvK…wZK ˆewk‡ó¨i AwaKvix GB †Rjv PÆMÖvg wefv‡M Aew ’Z| GB †Rjvi Dˇi †dbx †Rjv I fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv ivR¨, `w¶‡Y K·evRvi †Rjv, c~‡e© ev›`ieb, iv½vgvwU I LvMovQwo †Rjv Ges cwð‡g †bvqvLvjx †Rjv I e‡½vcmvMi Aew¯’Z| PÆMÖv‡g mf¨Zvi †MvovcËb N‡U AZ¨šÍ cÖvPxbKv‡j| PÆMÖvg e›`i wek¦e¨vcx mycwiwPZ wQ‡jv cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB| beg kZvãx‡Z Avie ewYK‡`i e¨emvi †K›`ª ’j wQ‡jv GB e›`i| GB mgq GB GjvKv ÒØvi-B-e½Ó ev e‡½i `iRv bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jv| lô kZvãx †_‡K gymjgvbiv Avmvi AvM ch©šÍ PÆMÖvg AÂj AvivKvb A_ev evg©v iv‡R¨i AšÍfy©³ wQ‡jv| 1340 mv‡j †mvbvi MuvI‡qi myjZvb dLi“wÏb †gveviK kvn PÆMÖvg AÂj `Lj K‡i| cieZx©‡Z 1538 mv‡j AvivKvwbiv Avevi GB AÂj `Lj K‡i| GB mgq †_‡K †gvNj‡`i Awfhv‡bi AvM ch©šÍ GB GjvKv cZz©MxR I gM‡`i `L‡j wQ‡jv| 1666 mv‡j †gvNjiv cyZ©MxR‡`i weZvwoZ K‡i GB GjvKv `Lj K‡i| Zviv PÆMÖv‡gi bZzb bvgKiY K‡i Bmjvgvev`| wewfbœ mgq PÆMÖvg AÂj wewfbœ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jv, †hgb - Av`k©‡`k, myþ‡`k, Kxs ev Kv‡jb, ig¨f~wg, wPZvMuvI, wPrMuvI, PÆj, ˆPZ¨MÖvg, mßMÖvg, PÆjv, PÆMÖvg, Pµkvjv, P›`ªbv_, PiZj, wPZvMÄ, PvUxMuv, kªxPÆj, mvZMuvI, mxZvM½v (mxZvMv½), m‡Zi KvDb, cy®úcyi, iv‡gk, KY©eyj, mn‡imeyR, cveŸ©Zx, †LvÏ©-Avev`, Portogrando (e„nr e›`i), d‡Zqvev`, AvbK, †ivkvs, Bmjvgvev`, gMivR¨ Ges Chittagong| wZbwU cvnvwo †Rjvmn PÆMÖvg †Rjv cÖwZwôZ nq 1666 mv‡j| 1860 mv‡j cvnvwo †Rjv¸‡jv‡K c„_K K‡i cÖwZwôZ nq PÆMÖvg wnj Uªv±m| cieZx©Kv‡j 1984 mv‡j K·evRvi‡K Avjv`v †Rjv wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv Kiv nq| GB †Rjvi †gvU AvqZb 5,283 eM© wK. wg., hv mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki AvqZ‡bi 3.58%| †Rjvi †gvU †jvK msL¨v 65.44 jvL| AvqZ‡bi Ges RbmsL¨v Df‡qi w`K w`‡q DcK~jxq †Rjv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GB †Rjvi Ae¯’vb 1g| 26wU Dc‡Rjv/_vbv, 6wU †cŠimfv, 308wU BDwbqb I IqvW©, 1299wU †gŠRv/gnj−v I 1329wU MÖvg wb‡q PÆMÖvg †Rjv MwVZ| Av‡bvqviv, ev‡qwR` †ev¯Ívgx, euvkLvjx, evKwjqv, †evqvjLvjx, P›`bvBk, Puv`MuvI, wPUvMvs †cvU©, Wvej gywis, dwUK Qwo, nvwj kni, nvU nvRvwi, Kb©dzwj, †Kv‡Zvqvjx, Lyjwk, †jvnvMov, gxi mivB, cvnvo Zjx, cuvPjvBk, cwUqv, c‡Z½v, iv½ywbqv, ivDRvb, m›Øxc, mvZKvwbqv, mxZvKzÛ †Rjvi 26wU Dc‡Rjv/_vbv| Dc‡Rjv/_vbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ dwUK Qwo AvqZ‡b me‡P‡q eo Ges GLv‡b me‡P‡q †ewk †jvK evm K‡i| G‡`i g‡a¨ m›Øxc GKwU Øxc Dc‡Rjv| D‡j−L¨, evsjv‡`‡k DcK~jxq A‡ji f~wgwfwËK mxgv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ wZbwU m~PK we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q : †Rvqvi-fvUvi cÖfve, †bvbv cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek Ges N~wb©So / R‡jv”Q¡vm| Gi wfwˇZ PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Av‡bvqviv, ev‡qwR` †ev¯Ívgx, euvkLvjx, wPUvMvs †cvU©, Wvej gywis, nvwj kni, †Kv‡Zvqvjx, gxi mivB, cvnvo Zjx, cuvPjvBk, c‡Z½v, m›Øxc, mxZvKzÛ ZxieZx© (Exposed Coast) DcK‚jxq GjvKv |

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

2

GK bR‡i PÆMÖvg

welq GKK PÆMÖvg DcK‚jxq AÂj evsjv‡`k Z_¨ m~Î I eQi GjvKv eM© wK.wg. 5,283 47,201 1,47,570 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)Dc‡Rjv msL¨v 26 147 507 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)BDwbqb msL¨v 197 1,351 4,484 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)†cŠimfv msL¨v 6 70 223 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)IqvW© msL¨v 111 743 2,404 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)†gŠRv / gnj −v msL¨v 1,299 14,636 67,095 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)Gj

vKv`

/cÖkv

mwbK

MÖvg msL¨v 1,329 17,618 87,928 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)†gvU RbmsL¨v jvL 65.44 350.78 1238.51 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

cyi“l jvL 34.40 179.42 638.95 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)bvix jvL 31.03 171.35 599.56 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ eM© wK.wg. 1,239 743 839 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)wj½ AbycvZ AbycvZ 100:111 100:105 100:107 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)M„n ’vwji AvKvi M„n cÖwZ RbmsL¨v 5.3 5.1 4.9 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)M„n ’vwji †gvU msL¨v jvL 12.29 68.49 253.07 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

Rbms

L¨v

bvix cÖavb M„n MÖvgxY M„n‡¯’i (%) 4 3.44 3.50 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)†UKmB †`qvjm¤úbœ Ni †gvU M„n‡¯’i (%) 52 47 42 1991(we.we.Gm.,1994)†UKmB Qv`m¤úbœ Ni †gvU M„n‡¯’i (%) 49 50 54 1991(we.we.Gm.,1994)we y¨r ms‡hvMm¤úbœ Ni †gvU M„n‡ ’i (%) 56 31 31 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj msL¨v / 10,000 Rb 4.2 7 6 2001(cÖv.wk.A, 2003)iv¯—vi NbZ¡ wK.wg./eM© wK.wg. 0.83 0.76 0.72 wek¦ e¨vsK, 1996 I we.we.Gm.,2003†f

ŠZ A

eKvV

v‡gv

evRv‡ii NbZ¡ eM© wK.wg. / msL¨v 73 80 70 1996 (wek¦ e¨vsK, 1996)†gvU Avq †KvwU UvKv 1,862 67,880 2,37,074 1999/2000(we.we.Gm.,2002)gv_vwcQy Avq UvKv 28,113 18,198 18,269 1999/2000(we.we.Gm.,2002)Kg©¶g kªg kw³ (15 eQi+) nvRvi 3,037 17,418 53,514 1999/2000(we.we.Gm.,2002)Kg©iZ bvix (Lv`¨ ev A‡_©i wewbg‡q) % (15-49 eqm`j) 25 26 28 2001 (wb‡cv©U, 2003)K…wl kªwgK MÖvgxY M„n‡ ’i (%) 22 33 36 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)†R‡j MÖvgxY M„n‡ ’i (%) 7 14 8 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)gv_vwcQy K…wl Rwgi cwigvY †n±i 0.02 0.06 0.07 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)`vwi ª †gvU M„n‡ ’i (%) 50 52 49 1998(we.we.Gm.,2002)

A_©b

xwZ

AwZ `vwi ª †gvU M„n‡ ’i (%) 26 24 23 1998(we.we.Gm.,2002)cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡j fwZ©i nvi 6-10 eQi wkï(%) 94 95 97 2001(cÖv.wk.A, 2003)mv¶iZvi nvi, 7 eQi+ †gvU RbmsL¨v (%) 55 51 45 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

cyi“l % 59 54 50 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)bvix % 50 47 41 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

mv¶iZvi nvi, 15 eQi+ †gvU RbmsL¨v (%) 59 57 47 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)cyi“l % 66 61 54 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

wk¶

v

bvix % 52 49 41 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)MÖvgxY cvwb mieivn (mwµq wUDeI‡qj) cÖwZ Mo RbmsL¨v 155 111 115 2002 (wW.wc.GBP.B, 2003)Kj A_ev bjK~‡ci cvwbi myweavcÖvß Ni †gvU M„n‡¯’i (%) 93 88 91 2001(we.we.Gm., 2003)¯v ’ m¤§Z cvqLvbvi myweavcÖvß Ni †gvU M„n‡¯’i (%) 57 46 37 2001(we.we.Gm., 2003)nvmcvZv‡ji kh¨vcÖwZ RbmsL¨v (miKvwi) Rb / kh¨v 3,908 4,637 4,276 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)beRvZK g„Zz¨i nvi cÖwZ nvRv‡i 60 51-68 43 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)<5 eQi wkï g„Zz¨i nvi cÖwZ nvRv‡i 103 80-103 90 2000 (we.we.Gm. I BDwb‡md, 2001)AwZ Acywói nvi % 5 6 6 2000 (we.we.Gm. I BDwb‡md, 2001) †Q‡j % 4 4 4 2000 (we.we.Gm. I BDwb‡md, 2001) †g‡q % 5 8 6 2000 (we.we.Gm. I BDwb‡md, 2001)gvZ… g„Z¨yi nvi cÖwZ nvRv‡i 5 5 5 1998/99 ( ^v¯’‡mev Awa`ßi, 2000)

^v’

AvvaywbK Rb¥wbqš¿b c×wZ MªnYKvix bvix % 38 41 44 2001 (wb‡cv©U, 2003)

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

3

†Rjvi Ae ’vb RvZxq Ae ’vi Zzjbvq fvj w`K

PÆMÖvg †Rjvi gv_vwcQy Avq (28,113 UvKv) RvZxq (18,269 UvKv) I DcK~jxq A‡ji Mo Av‡qi (18,198 UvKv) Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk |

†Rjvi evwl©K Avq cÖe„w×i nvi (5.5%) RvZxq I DcK~jxq A‡ji nv‡ii (5.4%) †P‡q †ewk| †Rjvi †gvU Av‡q wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb 36%, hv RvZxq (25%) I DcK~jxq A‡ji (22%)

nv‡ii Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| iv¯—vi NbZ¡ (0.83 wK. wg./ eM© wK. wg.), RvZxq (0.72 wK. wg./eM© wK. wg.) I DcK~jxq A‡ji

(0.76 wK. wg./ eM© wK. wg.) †P‡q †ewk| mv¶iZvi nvi (7+ eQi) 55%, hv DcK~jxq A‡ji (51%) I RvZxq nv‡ii (45%) Zzjbvq

A‡bK †ewk| †Rjvi 57% M„‡n ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi myweav Av‡Q, hv RvZxq nv‡ii (37%) I DcK~jxq

A‡ji nv‡ii (46%) Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| †Rjvi †gvU M„‡ni 93% Kj ev bjK~‡ci cvwbi myweavcÖvß, hv RvZxq (91%) I DcK~jxq

A‡ji (88%) nv‡ii Zzjbvq †ewk| †Rjvq 56% M„‡n we y r ms‡hvM Av‡Q, hv RvZxq (31%) I DcK~jxq A‡ji (31%) Zzjbvq

A‡bK †ewk| ¶z`ª K…lK‡`i msL¨v (45%) RvZxq (53%) I DcK~jxq A‡ji (58%) Zzjbvq Kg| nvmcvZv‡j kh¨v cÖwZ RbmsL¨v 3,908 Rb, hv RvZxq (4,276 Rb) I DcK~jxq A‡ji

(4,637 Rb) Zzjbvq Kg| †Rjvi M‡o cÖwZ 73 eM© wK. wg. GjvKv‡Z GKwU nvU-evRvi †K›`ª i‡q‡Q, hv RvZxq (70 eM© wK.

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RvZxq Ae ’vi Zzjbvq ye©j w`K

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†Rjvi `wi`ª I AwZ `wi`ª M„n¯’vwji msL¨v (50%, 26%) RvZxq nv‡ii (49%, 23%) Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk Ges mgMÖ DcK~jxq A‡ji (52%, 24%) cÖvq mgvb|

†Rjvq 13-49 eqm `‡ji bvix‡`i g‡a¨ AvaywbK Rb¥ wbqš¿Y c×wZ e¨env‡ii nvi 38%, hv RvZxq (44%) I DcK~jxq A‡ji (41%) nv‡ii Zzjbvq Kg|

†Rjvi f~wgnxb‡`i msL¨v (64%), RvZxq (53%) I DcK~jxq A‡ji (54%) nv‡ii Zzjbvq †ewk|

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AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

5

Dc‡Rjv nv

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10 246 137 8 13 259 483 13 8 212 33 362 247 762 281 484 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)3 15 8 10 4 9 25 3 5 26 3 21 23 29 17 19 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

27 44 27 23 45 40 126 14 13 122 3 89 85 72 73 83 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)- 59 27 - - 43 211 - - 113 - 113 65 34 102 60 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

1.24 3.96 1.78 2.74 2.40 2.66 3.56 1.18 1.47 3.20 0.85 2.98 3.31 2.92 3.38 3.35 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)0.66 2.02 0.97 1.62 1.32 1.32 1.80 0.64 0.82 1.65 0.49 1.52 1.71 1.46 1.65 1.79 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)0.58 1.94 0.81 1.12 1.07 1.34 1.75 0.53 0.65 1.55 0.35 1.46 1.59 1.46 1.72 1.56 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

12,944 1,609 1,310 35,805 18,345 1,030 738 8,915 17,781 1,515 2,616 826 1,345 384 1,205 693 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)114 104 119 144 123 99 103 120 127 106 141 104 107 100 96 115 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)0.23 0.66 0.33 0.57 0.50 0.45 0.69 0.24 0.34 0.61 0.14 0.54 0.57 0.50 0.59 0.63 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)5.28 5.97 5.40 4.81 4.77 5.84 5.15 4.91 4.27 5.22 6.06 5.53 5.78 5.76 5.73 5.28 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)

- - - - - 4.4 5.5 - - 4.3 - 4.4 3.8 4.7 2.8 - 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)- 47 - 68 - 81 21 54 58 57 - 58 49 25 57 - 1991(we.we.Gm.,1994)- 59 - 82 - 32 53 59 57 41 - - - - - - 1991(we.we.Gm.,1994)- 42 - - - 10 7 85 86 37 - 15 17 3 15 55 1991(we.we.Gm.,1994)- 193 - 63 - 123 245 58 71 222 - 163 209 158 195 110 2001(cÖv.wk.A, 2003)- 44 - 34 - 19 38 13 14 45 - 34 50 26 34 29 2002 (e vb‡eBm, 2003)- 6 - 8 - 3 4 4 5 10 - 9 9 3 5 4 2002 (e vb‡eBm, 2003)- - - - - 24 22 - - 17 - 22 12 25 20 - 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)- - - - - 56 51 - - 51 - 47 44 64 46 - 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)- - - - - 44 49 - - 49 - 53 56 36 54 - 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)- - - - - 9,299 15,929 - - 9,022 - 13,232 10,767 14,691 11,523 - 1996(we.we.Gm.,1999)- 4 - - - 32 39 - - 11 - - 15 35 18 25 2003 (evsjvwcwWqv, 2003)- 82 - - - 51 42 - - 70 - - 76 45 60 58 2003 (evsjvwcwWqv, 2003)- 15 - - - 16 19 - - 19 - - 9 20 22 17 2003 (evsjvwcwWqv, 2003)- 12,500 - - - 4,000 6,500 300,000 - 10,000 - 12,500 12,500 7,500 9,000 15,000 2003 (evsjvwcwWqv, 2003)

64 57 44 79 57 45 52 70 66 58 60 53 65 47 45 54 2001(we.we.Gm.,2003)- 95 - 121 - 100 94 123 100 97 - 99 95 100 90 100 2001(cÖv.wk.A)- 92 - 124 - 101 96 121 104 97 - 101 100 102 94 100 2001(cÖv.wk.A)- 3,778 - - - 2,222 3,737 3,666 - 3,323 3,193 3,287 3,679 2,350 2002 (wW.wc.GBP.B, 2003)- 78 - 99 - 91 73 91 94 65 - 88 78 65 95 69 1991(we.we.Gm.,1994)- 22 - 72 - 11 11 46 55 11 - 12 18 12 13 16 1991(we.we.Gm.,1994)

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

6

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

7

Rjevqy mgfvevcbœ ZvcgvÎv 140 †m. - 340 †m. Av‡cw¶K Av`©ªZv 72% - 85% evwl©K Mo e„wócvZ cÖvq 3,000 wg. wg.

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AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

8

†gvU ˆ`N©¨ 270 wK‡jvwgUvi Ges Gi g‡a¨ 173 wK‡jvwgUvi evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ Aew ’Z| mv½y b`xi cÖavb kvLv b`x nj †`vjyKvj, Pv›`Lvwj| Av‡iv fvwU‡Z GwU KzgvwiLvwji mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q Ges KzZzew`qv P¨v‡b‡ji mv‡_ wg‡k‡Q| †dbx b`x : fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i ce©Z‡kªYx †_‡K D™¢e n‡q †dbx b`x fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv ivR¨ Ges evsjv‡`‡ki †dbx, PÆMÖvg I †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i c‡o‡Q| GB b`x PÆMÖvg, †bvqvLvjx Ges fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i mxgvbv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| Drm †_‡K e‡½vcmvMi ch©š— b`xwU 116 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN©| el©vKv‡j b`xi Zxeª †mªvZ I N~wY© fqsKi iƒc aviY K‡i|

†jK : 1924 mv‡j Lyjkxi wbK‡U dqÕm †jK ˆZwi Kiv nq| `ywU cvnv‡oi ga¨eZx© Lvwo‡Z euva w`‡q GB †jKwU ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| f~-ZvwË¡Kfv‡e GB cvnvo¸‡jv `ywc wUjv †_‡K D™¢~Z n‡q‡Q| 1920 mv‡j cvnvoZwj †ijI‡q †÷k‡bi wbK‡U Av‡iv GKwU n«` ˆZwi Kiv nq|

gvwU : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq wewfbœ ai‡bi f~-cÖK…wZ †`Lv hvq| Gi cwðgvÂj e‡½vcmvMi Øviv mivmwi cÖfvweZ| c~‡e© cvnvo I Xvj †`Lv hvq| GB †Rjvi †ekwKQy Ask nvj`v, mv½y I KY©dzjx b`xevwnZ cwj Øviv MwVZ n‡q‡Q| cvnvwoqv A‡ji gvwU evjy hy³| AwaKvsk GjvKvB gvSvwi ai‡bi eb¨vi wkKvi n‡q _v‡K| mvMi : e‡½vcmvM‡ii cvwb Ab¨vb¨ mvM‡ii Zzjbvq AMfxi I Kg jeYv³| wewPÎ ai‡bi Rx‡ei mgv‡ek N‡U GB cvwb‡Z| DcK‚‡ji A‡bK gvbylB GB m¤ú` AvniY K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| ebf~wg : †Rjvi †gvU ebf~wgi cwigvY 139,274 †n±i (weweGm, 2001)| PÆMÖvg †Rjvq cÖavbZ Pvi ai‡bi ebf~wg †`Lv hvq| G¸‡jv nj MÖx®§gÊjxq Av ª© wPinwir, MÖx®§gÊjxq wPi nwir, cY©‡gvPx I g¨vb‡MÖvf eb| MÖx®§gÊjxq Av`©ª wPinwir e‡bi cÖavb e„¶ivwR nj MR©b, Xvwj MR©b, wmwfU, a~c, P¤úv, bvwi‡Kwj,

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AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

9

bvg AvqZb (†n±i) RbmsL¨v cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` AeKvVv‡gv

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PviY f~wgeuva, mvB‡K¬vb

†këvi

PÆMÖvg †Rjvq DcK‚jxq ebvqb A‡bK Av‡M †_‡K n‡q Avm‡Q| 1967 mvj †_‡K GLb ch©š— cÖvq 39,328 †n±i evMvb m„Rb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1991 mv‡ji N~wY©S‡oi c‡i cÖvYnvwb I ¶q-¶wZi cwigvY ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mswk−ó KZ©…c¶ j¶¨ K‡ib †h, †hme GjvKvq MvQcvjvi Av”Qv`b wQj †mme GjvKvq ¶q¶wZ A‡bK Kg n‡q‡Q| ZvB Gwkqvb †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vs‡Ki Avw_©K mnvqZvq DcK‚jxq meyR †eówb cÖK‡íi AvIZvax‡b †Rjvi mgy ª ZxieZx© AÂj¸‡jv‡Z SvD, †KIov, evBb, bvi‡Kj cÖf„wZ Mv‡Qi mdj ebvq‡bi gva¨‡g meyR †eówb m„Rb Kiv nq| GB eb GKw`‡K †hgb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi nvZ †_‡K †jvKRb‡K i¶v K‡i Aciw`‡K g~j¨evb cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`iI †RvMvb †`q| ØxcvÂj : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq A‡bK¸‡jv Øxc i‡q‡Q| me wgwj‡q GB †Rjvi 11 kZvsk GjvKv Ry‡o ØxcvÂj i‡q‡Q| m›Øxc GKwU Øxc Dc‡Rjv| D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Øxc I Øxc msjMœ Pi¸‡jv nj- fvmvb Pi, Rvnvw¾i Pi, m›Øxc, Dwii Pi, euvkLvjx| Øxc¸‡jvi cÖvq cÖwZwU‡ZB gvbyl evm K‡i| gvQ aiv, K…wl, cïcvjb Øxcevmx‡`i Av‡qi cÖavb Drm| Z‡e cÖwZwU ØxcB cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †hgb N~wY©So, R‡jv”Q¡vm, jeYv³Zv, f~wg¶‡qi wkKvi| Zxeª †mªvZ I †Rvqvi-fvUvi d‡j A‡bK Øx‡ciB AvKvi I AvqZb e`jv‡”Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ cÖavb K‡qKwU Øx‡ci ˆewkó¨ cv‡ki mviYx‡Z †`Lv‡bv nj| Dw™¢` I cÖvYx ˆewPΨ : †Rjvi Rjevqy I gvwUi aib GLvbKvi Dw™¢` I Rxe RM‡Z ˆewPΨ G‡b‡Q| †Rjvi Dw™¢` I cÖvYx ˆewP‡Î¨i GKwU msw¶ß eY©bv bx‡P †`qv n‡jv| Dw™¢` : GLv‡b cÖvq cÖwZwU evox‡ZB cÖPzi cwigvY MvQcvjv i‡q‡Q| evox‡Z Rb¥v‡bv Mv‡Qi g‡a¨ Avg, Mve, Rvg, Zvj, †ZZzj, KuvVvj, RjcvB, †ej, PvjZv, eiB, †cqviv, wjPz, Kvgiv½v, AvZv, nwiZKx, AvgjwK Ab¨Zg| G Qvov A‡bK evox‡ZB ev`vg I KjvMvQ ‡`Lv hvq| ’vbxq Mv‡Qi g‡a¨ KoB, kxj KoB, MR©b, Rvi“j, wkg~j Ab¨Zg| G QvovI wewfbœ Rv‡Zi we‡`kx MvQ †hgb wUK, †gnMwb, wkï iv¯—vi cv‡k I evwo‡Z jvMv‡bv nq| G Qvov cÖvq cÖwZwU evwo‡ZB gv›`vi bv‡gi GK cÖKvi KuvUvIqvjv MvQ †eov I R¡vjvwbi Rb¨ jvMv‡bv nq| eZ©gv‡b BDK¨vwjcUvm I cvBb MvQI jvMv‡bv n‡”Q| bvwi‡Kj I mycvwi MvQ mviv †Rjv‡ZB R‡b¥| GB †Rjvq wewfbœ Rv‡Zi †eZ, evuk I Qb R‡b¥| Rjv GjvKvq †mvjv I kxZj cvwU †`Lv hvq hv wewfbœ cÖKvi gv`yi I Szwo ˆZix‡Z e¨eüZ nq| PÆMÖv‡gi eb wefv‡Mi Aaxb¯’ mxZvKz‡Êi wbK‡U evwoqvevjv †i‡Ä 405 †n±i Ry‡o GKwU B‡KvcvK© ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b GKwU B‡KvcvK© I eb wefvM cwiPvwjZ GB B‡Kvcv‡K©i cÖavb AvKl©Y nj P›`ªbv_ cvnv‡oi Dci Aew¯’Z P›`ªbv_ gw›`i, mnmªaviv I myßaviv bv‡gi `ywU SY©v, wewPÎ ai‡bi MvQ, jZv-cvZv, eb¨cÖvYx BZ¨vw`| cieZx©‡Z 403 †n±i Ry‡o GKwU †evUvwbK¨vj Mv‡W©b ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e| cÖvYx : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi ebf~wg‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖvYx †`Lv hvq, †hgb wPZv weovj, †gwQ weovj, †mvbvwj weovj, eb weovj, evbi, gyL‡cvov evbi, †j½yi, Lv‡Uv‡jwR evbi, evwK©s wWqvi, ey‡bv ï‡qvi, †LKwkqvj, cvwZ wkqvj, wkqvj, evMWvmv, D`weovj, KvVweovwj, †eRx, wewfbœ cÖKvi Bu`yi, evu yo, kRvi“ BZ¨vw`| Z‡e

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

10

Avwe¯‹v‡ii mgq 1996 M¨v‡mi gRy 1,049 wewjqb wKDweK dyU AvniY‡hvM¨ M¨v‡mi gRy 734 wewjqb wKDweK dyU

AbyK~j cwi‡ek I cÖvK…wZK e‡bi Afv‡e A‡bK eb¨cÖvYxB GLb wejyß cÖvq| GB †Rjvq wPZvevN, m¤^i, Mqvj, eb QvMj, nvwZ Avi †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq bv ej‡jB P‡j|

mviv †`‡ki g‡Zv GLv‡bI A‡bK ai‡bi cvLx †`Lv hvq; hv‡`i g‡a¨ kK‚b, evR, MvswPj, wPj, Kvwb eMv, †Mv eMv, Kvjv eMv, KvK, gvQiv½v Ab¨Zg| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi nvum Av‡Q| GQvovI RjPi cvLx †hgb cvb‡KŠwo, WvûK, †Kviv, wcUvjx, ivRnuvm Ab¨Zg| G‡`i cvkvcvwk GB †Rjvq †`v‡qj, †KvwKj, njw` cvLx, wd‡½, gqbv, kvwjK, eyjeyj, UybUzwb, k¨vgv, eveyB, KeyZi I NyNy †`Lv hvq| kxZKv‡j GB †Rjvq cÖPzi AwZw_ cvLx Av‡m| PÆMÖvg †Rjvi PzbwZ‡Z GKwU eb¨cÖvYx AfqviY¨ Av‡Q| GwU 1986 mv‡j ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQ‡jv Ges eZ©gvb AvqZb cÖvq 7,761 †n±i| A‰eafv‡e MvQ-cvjv KvUv, MvQ Pzwi, K…wl KvR, cky PviY, A‰eafv‡e eb¨cÖvYx wkKvi GB Afqvi‡Y¨i cÖavb mgm¨v|

mvgyw ªK I wgVv cvwbi gvQ : wewfbœ cÖRvwZi mvgyw ªK I wgVv cvwbi gvQI GB †Rjvq cvIqv hvq| RbwcÖq gvQ¸‡jv n‡”Q i“B, KvZj, g„‡Mj, KvjevDk, AvBo, †Usiv, gv¸i, wks, †kvj, †evqvj, MRvo, cve`v, KB, gyojv, cywU, evBb Ges †Pjv| G‡`i cvkvcvwk wewfbœ cÖKvi Kvc© RvZxq gvQ, †Zjvwcqv, bvB‡jvwUKv cyKzi I `xwN‡Z Pvl Kiv nq|

mvM‡i i‡q‡Q AdzišÍ Rxe‰ewPΨ| e‡½vcmvM‡i 475 cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †iKW© Kiv n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gvQ †hgb iƒcvjx I mv`v iƒcPv›`v, jBU¨v, Qywi, †cvqv, mv`v `vwZbv, Zzj−vi WvwÛ, evUv, dvbmv, ¸B”Pv, †fUwK , jvj †cvqv, PvcvKwo, P¤úv, mviwWb, eg gvBÆv Ges wewfbœ cÖRvwZi wPswo †hgb evM`v, evNZviv, †WvivKvUv, PvMv, evNvPvgv, Bwibv BZ¨vw` D‡j −L‡hvM¨| G Qvov mvMi cv‡oi AMfxi R‡j i‡q‡Q bvbv cÖRvwZi Rxe †hgb, kvgyK, wSbyK, K¯Íyiv ev I‡q÷vi, KuvKov, jeóvi, ˆkevj ev mx DBW, mvgyw`ªK kmv, wk‡ivc`x | GQvov mvMi DcK~‡j bvbv cÖRvwZi ¯úÄ, †Rjx gvQ I cÖevj i‡q‡Q|

nvj`v b`x‡Z KvjyiNvU eªx‡Ri wbK‡U KY©dzjx b`xi gyL †_‡K m`iNvU eªxR GjvKv ch©šÍ cuvPjvBk, nvUnvRvix I ivDRvb _vbvi Aaxb¯’ nvj`v I Zvi kvLv b`x¸‡jv I Askwe‡kl‡K grm¨ AfqviY¨ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB me A‡j 15 gvP© †_‡K 30 Ryb ch©šÍ wewfbœ ai‡bi Kvc© gvQ (†hgb - i“B, KvZj, g„‡Mj, Kvj evDk, Nywbqv BZ¨vw`) aiv wbwl×| LwbR m¤ú` PÆMÖvg †Rjv cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡m mg„× GKwU †Rjv| 1996 mv‡j GB †Rjvq mv½y b`xi †gvnbvq GKwU M¨vm †¶Î Avwe®‹vi Kiv nq| mv½y M¨vm †¶ÎwU PÆMÖvg †Rjvi 50 wK‡jvwgUvi `w¶Y-cwð‡g Aew¯’Z Ges e‡½vcmvM‡ii wfZ‡i 10 wgUvi MfxiZvq Aew¯’Z| wn‡me K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q, GB M¨vm‡¶‡Î cÖvq 1,049 wewjqb wKDweK dzU M¨vm gRy` i‡q‡Q| K…wl m¤ú` K…wl Rwg : K…wl ïgvix (1996) †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h †gvU Avev`K…Z Rwgi 56% DuPz Rwg, 37% gvSvwi Rwg Ges 6.3% bxPz Rwg| †Rjvi AwaKvsk GjvKvq gvSvwi I bxPz Rwg‡Z el©vKv‡j cvwb R‡g Rjve×Zvi m„wó nq|

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

11

K…wl Rwgi e¨envi D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi AvDk 6.89% D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi Avgb 16.53% D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi †ev‡iv 12.82% ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi avb 54.57% Mg 0.06% Avjy 2.39% mâx 1.78% gmjv 2.58% Wvj 1.60% †Zj exR 0.42% AvL 0.16% cvU 0.03%

cÖavb dmj : †Rjvi A_©bxwZ‡Z K…wl Kv‡Ri ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| K…wl ïgvix (1996) †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, cÖvq 2.27 jvL †n±i Rwg‡Z K…wl KvR Kiv n‡q _v‡K, hv mgMÖ †Rjvi cÖvq 43%| †Rjvi cÖavb dmj avb (cÖvq 92% Rwg‡Z avb Pvl Kiv n‡q _v‡K)| AvDk, †ev‡iv, Avgb avb Pvl Ges D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi avb Pvl Kiv n‡q _v‡K| K…wl Rwg‡Z wewfbœ Rv‡Zi km¨ †hgb ¯’vbxq I D”Pdjbkxj Rv‡Zi avb, cvU, kvK mewR, Av`v, Wvj, ˆZjexR Pvl Kiv nq| G Qvov Ab¨vb¨ A_©Kix dm‡ji g‡a¨ ev`vg, gwiP, AvL I Avjy Ab¨Zg| wKš‘ mvgwMÖKfv‡e km¨ wbweoZvi gvb 182, hv DcK‚jxq A‡ji M‡oi I evsjv‡`‡ki km¨ wbweoZvi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| cï m¤ú` : PÆMÖv‡g 46% MÖvgxY evwo‡Z Mevw`cï Av‡Q Ges evwo cÖwZ Mevw`cïi cwigvY M‡o 2.42| GB nvi DcK‚jxq M‡oi †P‡q Kg| b`x-mvM‡ii gvQ : PÆMÖv‡g Af¨š—ixY b`-b`x I cyKzi †_‡K cÖPzi cwigvY gvQ aiv nq, hv GKw`‡K †hgb †jv‡Ki Lv‡`¨i gvb eRvq ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †Zgwb †Rjvi A_©bxwZ‡ZI Ae`vb iv‡L| 2001-02 mv‡ji wnmv‡e †`Lv hvq †h, †Rjvi b`-b`x, †gvnbv I Rjvf~wg †_‡K cÖvq 15 nvRvi †gwUªK Ub gvQ aiv n‡q‡Q, hv DcK‚jxq A‡ji cÖvq 6%| G QvovI cÖPzi cwigvY †jvK mvgyw ªK gvQ a‡iI RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i _v‡K| gvQ Pvl : 2001-02 mv‡ji wnmve ‡_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, †Rjvi cyKzi¸‡jv †_‡K cÖvq 48 nvRvi †g.Ub gvQ Drcvw`Z n‡q‡Q (DcK‚‡ji cÖvq 17%)| hw` ms¯‹vi‡hvM¨ cyKzi¸‡jv‡K gvQ Pv‡li AvIZvq Avbv hvq Z‡e Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Av‡iv evo‡e| PÆMÖvg †Rjvq eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 807 †n±i Rwg‡Z wPswo Pvl Kiv nq| hw`I GB nvi A‡bK Kg wKš‘ AbyK‚j cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek I †jvKR‡bi Drmv‡ni Kvi‡Y Avkv Kiv hv‡”Q †h GB nvi Av‡iv evo‡e Ges †Rjvi A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡e| jeY Pvl : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq gvwU I cvwbi jeYv³Zvi Kvi‡Y wKQy wKQy GjvKvq jeY wkí M‡o D‡V‡Q| PÆMÖv‡gi euvkLvjx Dc‡Rjvq wewm‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M jeY wk‡íi †ek cÖmvi N‡U‡Q| GK wn‡m‡e †`Lv hvq †h, 2003-2004 †gŠmy‡g euvkLvjx Dc‡Rjvq †gvU 6,624 GKi Rwg‡Z jeY Pvl n‡qwQ‡jv Ges †gvU 122,892 †g.Ub jeY Drcvw`Z n‡qwQ‡jv|

y‡h©vM N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm : f~-cÖvK„wZK Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjv N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi Kvi‡Y D”P SuzwKc~Y© GjvKv| e‡½vcmvM‡i cÖavbZ `ywU wfbœ cÖKv‡ii mvB‡K¬vb n‡q _v‡K| GKwU n‡”Q MÖx®§gÊjxq mvB‡K¬vb I AciwU n‡”Q †gŠmygx wbgœPvc| mvB‡K¬v‡bi mgq evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM cÖwZ N›Uvq m‡e©v”P 240 wK.wg. ch©š— DV‡Z cv‡i| Gi mv‡_ 6 †_‡K 7 wgUvi D”PZvi R‡jv”Q¡vm Ges Zxeª e„wócvZI †`Lv hvq|

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

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PÆMÖvg †Rjvi K‡qKwU N~wY©S‡oi cwimsL¨vb

mgqKvj evZv‡mi MwZ (wK.wg./NÈv)

†Rvqv‡ii D”PZv (wdU)

¶q¶wZ

A‡±vei 1983 93 - - b‡f¤^i 1983 136 - - b‡f¤^i 1986 90-110 2-3 - GwcÖj 1991 225 20 138,882 Rb g„Z Ryb 1991 75-110 6 - †g 1997 220 10 - †m‡Þ¤^i 1997 150 6-10 - †g 1998 120 6-8 -

¯§iYKvj †_‡KB PÆMÖvg †Rjv N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡m Avµvš— n‡q Avm‡Q| gvÎvMZ w`K w`‡q GB †Rjv D”P SzuwKc~Y© A‡j Aew¯’Z| 1582 mvj †_‡K 1997 mvj ch©š— GB A‡j 33wU N~wY©So AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q| N~wY©So¸‡jv cÖavbZ †g-Ryb Ges A‡±vei-b‡f¤^i gv‡m AvNvZ nv‡b| †Rjvi Av‡bvqviv, ev‡qwR` †ev¯Ívgx, euvkLvjx, wPUvMvs †cvU©, Wvej gywis, nvwj kni, Lyjwk, gxi mivB, cvnvo Zjx, cuvPjvBk, c‡Z½v, m›Øxc, mxZvKzÛ Dc‡Rjvi †jvKRb †ewk SyuwKi m¤§yLxb|

f~wgK¤ú : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Awaevmxiv f~wgK‡¤úi d‡j m„ó gvivZ¥K Su~wKi m¤§yLxb| MZ AvU eQ‡i GLv‡b f~wgK¤ú Abyf~Z n‡q‡Q 215 evi| 1997 mv‡ji 29 b‡f¤^i 6.5 gvÎvi f~wgK‡¤ú nv¾viev‡M f~wg aŸ‡m gviv wM‡qwQ‡jv 22 Rb| we‡klÁ‡`i g‡a¨ wgqvbgvi, evsjv‡`k I AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi †h d«›U jvBb Zv‡Z PÆMÖvg I DËie½ f~wgK‡¤úi Rb¨ †ek SyuwKc~Y©| PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K cwiPvwjZ GK M‡elYv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, PÆMÖv‡gi 80% †_‡K 90% Ni-evwo I AeKvVv‡gv 6-7 wiLUvi †¯‹‡ji f~wgK¤ú Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| Gi cÖavb KviY n‡”Q miKvi cÖYxZ wewìs †KvW bv gvbv| Z‡e PÆMÖvg Dbœqb KZ©„c¶ f~wgK‡¤úi Kvi‡Y SyuwKc~Y© `vjvb wPwýZ Kivi KvR Ki‡Q| Av‡m©wbK : wewRGm I wWwcGBPB-i GKwU M‡elYv (2001) †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q †h, PÆMÖvg †Rjvi bjKzc¸‡jv‡Z Av‡m©wb‡Ki Mo gvÎv 32 gvB‡µvMÖvg/wjUvi| mgx¶vwU‡Z Av‡iv †`Lv †M‡Q †h, bjK‚c¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 16%-B Av‡m©wb‡Ki gvÎv 50 gvB‡µvMÖvg/wjUv‡ii †P‡q †ewk, hv ¯^v¯’¨MZ w`K †_‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| gvwU I cvwbi jebv³Zv : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi gvwU I cvwbi jeYv³Zvi gvÎv h_vµ‡g m‡e©v”P 15 I 10 wcwcGg| Av‡bvqviv, ev‡qwR` †ev¯Ívgx, euvkLvjx, wPUvMvs †cvU©, Wvej gywis, nvwj kni, KY©dzwj, †Kv‡Zvqvjx, Lyjwk, gxi mivB, cvnvo Zjx, cuvPjvBk, c‡Z½v, m›Øxc, mvZKvwbqv I mxZvKzÛ Dc‡Rjvq jeYv³Zv †ewk †`Lv hvq| Rjve×Zv : bMix‡Z cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb mgwš^Z cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZ eQiB wecyj cwigvY GjvKv RjgMœ _v‡K| PÆMÖvg gnvbMixi Lvj, †Wªbmn cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi A‡bK GjvKv Rei `LjKvix I f~wg `LjKvix‡`i Øviv `Lj n‡q †M‡Q| d‡j Rjve×Zvi mgm¨v w`b w`b Av‡iv cÖKU n‡”Q| HwZn¨evnx Pv³vB Lvj cybL©b‡biI †Zgb †Kvb D‡`¨vM cwijw¶Z nq bv| cvnvo KvUv : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq RbemwZ M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ cvnvo KvUv Pj‡Q wbwe©Pv‡i| wKQy Amvay e¨emvqx cÖkvm‡bi wKQy †jv‡Ki A‰ea mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q AvBb‡K duvwK w`‡q e¨vcKfv‡e cvnvo †K‡U hv‡”Q| PÆMÖvg wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb KZ…©c¶I wewfbœ mg‡q AvevwmK GjvKv M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ cvnvo Kv‡U e‡j ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi Awf‡hvM|

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

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eb¨v : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq eb¨v GKwU cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM| me¸‡jv Dc‡RjvB Kg †ewk eb¨vq Avµvš— nq| 2002 mv‡ji eb¨vq GB †Rjvq e¨vcK ¶q ¶wZ n‡qwQ‡jv| eb DRvo : eb`my¨ I wewfbœ evwnbx‡`i Dc`ª‡ei d‡j wejxY n‡q hv‡”Q kZ kZ GKi ebf~wg| Lvm Rwg `Lj I bM` A‡_©i Rb¨ P‡j eb aŸs‡mi g‡nvrme| GjvKvi †RvZ`vi I UvDUiv f~wgnxb‡`i mvg‡b †i‡L `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q ebf~wg| d‡j GjvKvi cwi‡ek †hgb wecbœ n‡”Q †Zgwb N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi d‡j ¶q¶wZi m¤¢vebvI †e‡o hv‡”Q| cwi‡ek `~lY : RvnvR fvOv wk‡íi gvivZ¥K `~l‡Yi cÖfv‡e PÆMÖv‡gi mxZvKz‡Ûi mwjgcyi, fvwUqvwi, †mvbvBQwo I Kzwgiv BDwbq‡bi DcK‚jxq Rjvkq GLb wec`RbK GjvKvq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| RvnvR †_‡K wbm„Z welv³ ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i Kvi‡Y mvMi n‡q co‡Q grm¨ k~b¨| grm¨ kyb¨Zvi Kvi‡Y Dc‡iv³ Pvi BDwbq‡bi cÖvq GK nvRvi †R‡j cwievi Kg©ms¯’vb nvwi‡q‡Q| cvwb‡Z fvmgvb welv³ †Z‡ji Kvi‡Y †R‡j‡`i Rvj ch©šÍ bó n‡q hv‡”Q| wec`vcbœZv wec`vcbœZv kãwU gvby‡li Rxe‡b wewfbœ †bwZevPK NUbv NUvi m¤¢vebv Ges †mB †bwZevPK NUbvi mv‡_ gvby‡li Awf‡hvR‡bi ¶gZv‡K eywS‡q _v‡K| wec`vcbœZvi aiY, cÖKvi I e¨w߇Z wfbœZv Av‡Q| me iKg wec`vcbœZv Øviv †hgb †Rjvi me GjvKv Avµvš— nq bv, †Zgwb me †ckvi, me †kªYxi gvbylI mgvbfv‡e wec`vcbœ nq bv| DcK‚jxq A‡ji gvby‡li wec`vcbœZvi Dci cwiPvwjZ GKwU M‡elYvq (wm.B.wR.AvB.Gm., 2004) †`Lv hvq †h, PÆMÖv‡gi gvbyl cÖvK…wZK Ges Av_©-mvgvwRK Kvi‡Y wec`vcbœ nq| PÆMÖv‡gi ¶z ª K…l‡Kiv N~wY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm, eb¨v, AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ, †ckvMZ `¶Zvi Afve, Rwg msµvšÍ mgm¨v, ch©vß ^v ’ myweavi Afve, c‡Y¨i Dchy³ g~j¨ I evRviRvZKi‡Yi mgm¨v, K…wl DcKi‡Yi Dchy³ g~j¨, Dchy³ FY myweavi Afve cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y cÖavbZ wec`vcbœ nq| †R‡j‡`i †¶‡Î N~wY©So, mvgyw ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm, ivmvqwbK I KxUbvkK †_‡K m„ó `~lY, grm¨ m¤ú` n«vm, AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ, gvQ msi¶‡Yi Dchy³ e¨e¯’vi Afve, `vjvj/†eªvKvi‡`i Dc ªe, FY myweavi Afve, evRviRvZKi‡Yi mgm¨v BZ¨vw` cÖavb wec`vcbœZv wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`q| Aciw`‡K MÖvgxY I kû‡i kªwgKiv AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ, ch©vß ¯^v¯’¨ myweavi Afve, †ckvMZ `¶Zv/Áv‡bi Afve, wbgœ gRyix, eQie¨vcx Kv‡Ri my‡hv‡Mi Afve, N~wY©So/mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm, eb¨vi Kvi‡Y wec`vcbœ nq|

PÆMÖvg †Rjvi wbe©vwPZ wKQ~ †ckvRxex‡`i wec`vcbœZv ¶z`ª K…lK N~wY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm, eb¨v, AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ, †ckvMZ `¶Zvi

Afve, Rwg msµvšÍ mgm¨v, ch©vß ¯^v¯’ myweavi Afve, c‡Y¨i Dchy³ g~j¨ I evRviRvZKi‡Yi mgm¨v, K…wl DcKi‡Yi Dchy³ g~j¨, Dchy³ FY myweavi Afve BZ¨vw`|

†R‡j N~wY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm, ivmvqwbK I KxUbvkK †_‡K m„ó `~lY, grm¨ m¤ú` n«vm, A‰ea gvQ aiv, AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw ’wZ, gvQ msi¶‡Yi Dchy³ e¨e¯’vi Afve, `vjvj/†eªvKvi‡`i Dc`ªe, FY myweavi Afve, evRviRvZKi‡Yi mgm¨v BZ¨vw`|

MÖvgxY kªwgK AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw ’wZ, wk¶v myweavi Afve, ch©vß ^v ’ myweavi Afve, †ckvMZ `¶Zv/Áv‡bi Afve, wbgœ gRyix, eQie¨vcx Kv‡Ri my‡hv‡Mi Afve, N~wY©So/mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm, eb¨v BZ¨vw`|

kû‡i kªwgK M„nvq‡Yi mgm¨v, mvgvwRK wewa wb‡la, gwnjv kªwgK‡`i wbivcËvi Afve, †ckvMZ `¶Zv/Áv‡bi Afve, AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cq:wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi Afve, `vjvj/†eªvKvi‡`i Dc`ªe, wbgœ gRyix, bM` A‡_©i Afve, N~wY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm BZ¨vw`|

Drm: wmBwRAvBGm, 2004|

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

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AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

15

wbf©ikxjZvi AbycvZ 0.79 beRvZK g„Zz i nvi (cÖwZ nvRv‡i) 60 Acyywói gvÎv 5%

kû‡i RbMY (jvL) 3.29 cyi“l 1.79 bvix 1.50 MÖvgxY RbMY (jvL) 3.25 cyi“l 1.65 bvix 1.60 wj½ AbycvZ 100:111 wbf©ikxj RbM‡Yi AbycvZ 0.79 RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ (cÖwZ eM© wK.wg.) 1,239

Rxeb I RxweKv RbmsL¨v PÆMÖvg †Rjvi †gvU RbmsL¨v 65.44 jvL| hvi g‡a¨ 34.41 jvL cyi“l Ges 31.03 jvL bvix| wj½ AbycvZ 100:111| †gvU RbmsL¨vi 50% †jvK MÖv‡g evm K‡i| †Rjvq †gvU M„n¯’/cwiev‡ii msL¨v 12.29 jvL| cÖwZwU cwiev‡i M‡o 5.3 Rb gvbyl i‡q‡Q| hv DcK~jxq AÂj M‡oi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| PÆMÖvg †Rjvq cÖwZ eM©wK‡jvwgUv‡i 1,239 Rb †jvK evm K‡i, hv DcK~jxq AÂj (743) Ges evsjv‡`‡ki (839) M‡oi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| Dc‡Rjv / _vbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ c‡Z½v _vbvq me‡P‡q Kg †jvK evm K‡i wKš‘ †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvq RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ me‡P‡q †ewk| †Rjvi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 38% 0-14 eQi eqmx, hv DcK~jxq A‡ji nv‡ii Zzjbvq Kg| Aciw`‡K 6% †jv‡Ki eqm 60 eQ‡ii E‡aŸ©| ZvB eqmMZ w`K w`‡q GB †Rjvi RbM‡Yi wbf©ikxjZvi AbycvZ 0.79 hv DcK~jxq A‡ji Zzjbvq Kg| 2001 mv‡ji Av`gïgvix Abyhvqx 50 kZvsk †jvK kniv‡j evm K‡i| GB AbycvZ 1991 mv‡j wQj 45%| 1991 †_‡K 2001 mvj ch©š— kniv‡j evmKvix †jv†Ki msL¨v e„w× †c‡q‡Q 37%|

b„-†Mvôx : 1991 mv‡j Av`gïgvix Abyhvqx †`Lv hvq †h, PÆMÖvg †Rjvq cÖvq 1% RbmsL¨v wewfbœ b„-†Mvôxi AšÍf©y³| G‡`i g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ nj - PvKgv, wKqvs, gvigv, gyis, mvIZvj, Z½v, wÎcyiv BZ¨vw`| Rb¯^v¯’¨ RbM‡Yi ^v¯’ ‡mev wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ GB †Rjvq 4wU m`i nvmcvZvj I 16wU Dc‡Rjv ^v ’¨ Kg‡c −· i‡q‡Q| nvmcvZvj¸‡jv‡Z †gvU kh¨vi msL¨v 1,674wU Ges kh¨vcÖwZ RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ 3,908| GB nvi DcK~jxq A‡ji nv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK Kg| hw`I 72wU MÖvgxY wWm‡cbmvix Av‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡`i †mevi cwigvY h‡_ó bq| wkï ^v ’ : GB †Rjvi beRvZK g„Zz¨i nvi cÖwZnvRv‡i 60 Ges cuvP eQi eqmx wkïi g„Zz¨i nvi cÖwZnvRv‡i 103| 12-59 gvm eqmx wkï‡`i g‡a¨ 5% Acywói wkKvi| GB nvi DcK~jxq M‡oi †P‡q Kg| †g‡q wkïiv Acywó‡Z †fv‡M †Q‡j‡`i †P‡q †ewk| Aciw`‡K, 86%, 91% Ges 94% wkï h_vµ‡g nvg, wWwcwU Ges †cvwjI †iv‡Mi wUKv wb‡q‡Q| GB nvi mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki M‡oi †P‡q †ewk| †Rjvi 49% N‡i Av‡qvwWbhy³ je‡Yi e¨envi i‡q‡Q| cvwb, cqt I evm¯’vb myweav : 1991 mv‡ji Av`g ïgvix †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, PÆMÖvg †Rjvi 51% N‡ii †`qvj BU ev wU‡bi ˆZix| GB nvi DcK~jxq M‡oi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| Avevi †Rjvi 49% N‡ii Qv` BU ev wU‡bi ˆZix| GB nvi DcK~jxq M‡oi Zzjbvq Kg| Aciw`‡K 2001 mv‡ji Av`g ïgvix Abyhvqx †`Lv

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

16

wkw¶‡Zi nvi (7+) †gvU 55% cyi“l 59% gwnjv 50% wkw¶‡Zi nvi (15+) †gvU 59% cyi“l 66%

gwnjv 52%

cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq 2,781 wU gva¨wgK we`¨vjq 593 wU gv ªvmv 238 wU K‡jR 105 wU

hvq †h, 14% Ni U¨v‡ci Ges 74% Ni wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb e¨envi K‡i| G Qvov 5% Ni Mfxi bjK~‡ci Dci wbf©ikxj| cyKzi I Ab¨vb¨ Dr‡mi cvwb 7% N‡i e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| PÆMÖvg †Rjvi †jv‡Kiv mgMÖ DcK~‡ji Zzjbvq U¨vc I wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwbi myweav †ewk †c‡q _v‡K| Rb¯^v ’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`dZ‡ii wn‡me Abymv‡i (2002) PÆMÖvg †Rjvi MÖvgxY GjvKvq cÖwZ 155 Rb †jv‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU mwµq wUDeI‡qj i‡q‡Q Ges cÖwZ eM© wK.wg †Z mwµq wUDeI‡q‡ji msL¨v 8wU| Z‡e Av‡m©wb‡Ki gvivZ¥K cÖ‡Kvc †Rjvi †jvK‡`i wec`MÖ¯Í K‡i‡Q| GKB wn‡m‡e Av‡iv †`Lv hvq †h, 8% †jv‡Ki †Kvb cÖKvi cvqLvbvi myweav †bB; 57% N‡i ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi myweav Av‡Q|

wk¶v PÆMÖvg †Rjvq wkw¶‡Zi nvi 55%| GB nvi DcK~jxq M‡oi cÖvq KvQvKvwQ| hw`I †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ wk¶vi nvi (50%) cyi“l‡`i (59%) Zyjbvq Kg| ZeyI GB †Rjvq †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ wkw¶‡Zi nvi DcK~jxq A‡ji nv‡ii †P‡q †ewk| Aciw`‡K, cÖvßeq¯‹‡`i g‡a¨ wkw¶‡Zi nvi 59%| euvkLvjx‡Z wkw¶‡Zi nvi me‡P‡q Kg Ges †Kv‡Zvqvjx I †evqvjLvjx‡Z wkw¶‡Zi nvi me‡P‡q †ewk| GB †Rjvq †gvU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v 2,781wU, hvi g‡a¨ 1,634wU miKvix| GB we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z †gvU 7.85 jvL QvÎQvÎx covïbv K‡i, hvi g‡a¨ A‡a©KB QvÎx| GB †Rjvq 6 †_‡K 10 eQi eqmx wkï‡`i fwZ©i Mo nvi 94%, hv DcK~jxq M‡oi †P‡q Kg| wKš‘ Aciw`‡K wk¶K cÖwZ Qv‡Îi AbycvZ (60), DcK~jxq M‡oi (50) †P‡q †ewk Ges RbmsL¨v Abycv‡Z cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi NbZ¡I A‡bK Kg (cÖwZ 10,000 R‡bi Rb¨ 4.2 wU)|

GB †Rjvq gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v 593wU Ges G‡Z †gvU 4.1 jvL QvÎ-QvÎx covïbv K‡i, hvi g‡a¨ 51%-B QvÎx| †Rjvq †gvU gv`ªvmvi msL¨v 238wU Ges †gvU 50 nvRvi QvÎQvÎx †mLv‡b covïbv K‡i| GB †Rjvq †gvU 105wU K‡jR Av‡Q †hLv‡b cÖvq 1.01 jvL QvÎQvÎx

covïbv K‡i| cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi cwiPvwjZ Dc-AvbyôvwbK wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi Aax‡bI A‡bK wkï cÖv_wgK wk¶v jvf Ki‡Q| GQvov GB †Rjvq 3wU wek¦we`¨vjq, 2wU †gwW‡Kj K‡jR, 1wU †UKwbK¨vj wek¦we`¨vjq, 1wU wUPvm© †Uªwbs K‡jR, 1wU AvÂwjK MYcÖkvmb Bbw÷wUDU, 1wU cwj‡UKwbK Bbw÷wUDU, 2wU †nvwgIc¨vw_ K‡jR, 1wU bvwm©s Bbw÷wUDU, 1wU d‡i÷ wimvP© Bbw÷wUDU, 1wU †f‡Uwibvix K‡jR, 1wU †nvg B‡Kv‡bvwgKm K‡jR, 1wU evsjv‡`k wgwjUvix GKv‡Wgx, 1wU †fv‡Kkbvj Bbw÷wUDU, 2wU j K‡jR, 1wU AvU© K‡jR, 1wU †gwib GKv‡Wgx, 1wU †gwib wdkvwiR GKv‡Wgx, 1wU K¨v‡WU K‡jR Aew¯’Z| GQvov

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

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GB †Rjvq ïaygvÎ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g AvšÍ©RvwZK AvevwmK gwnjv wek¦we`¨vjq ‘Asian University for Women’-Gi cÖwZôvi Kvh©µg ïi“ n‡q‡Q| Awfevmb e›`i bMix PÆMÖv‡g Kv‡Ri my‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Av‡kcv‡ki †Rjv †_‡K A‡bK †jvKB G‡m _v‡K| we.we.Gm., 1991 Gi m~Îvbymv‡i †Rjvi †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 27% PÆMÖv‡gi evB‡i †_‡K AvMZ| mvgvwRK Dbœqb mv¶iZvi nvi (7+ eQi eqmx), wbivc` cvwb myweav, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv I nvmcvZv‡j kh¨vcªwZ RbmsL¨v BZ¨vw` welq GjvKvi mvgvwRK Dbœqb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| wewfbœ Z_¨ we‡k −lY K‡i ejv hvq, PÆMÖvg †Rjv mvgwMÖKfv‡e mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b GwM‡q Av‡Q| A_©‰bwZK Ae ’v Avq : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Awaevmx‡`i †gvU Avq 1,862 †KvwU UvKv (1999/2000), hv mgMÖ DcK~jxq A‡ji †gvU Av‡qi cÖvq 27%| †RjvMZ †gvU Av‡qi w`K †_‡K GB †Rjv 1g ¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| PÆMÖvg †Rjvq gvby‡li gv_vwcQz Avq 28,113 UvKv (1999-2000), hv DcK‚jxq AÂj M‡oi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| gv_vwcQy Av‡qi w`‡K GB †Rjv DcK‚jxq †Rjv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 1g ¯’v‡b Ges mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ 4_© ¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| †Rjvi †gvU Av‡qi 53% -B Av‡m PvKwi ev †mevg~jK LvZ †_‡K| Av‡qi 11% K…wlLvZ †_‡K Av‡m, hv DcK~jxq nv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK Kg| Aciw`‡K, Av‡qi 36% wkíLvZ †_‡K G‡m _v‡K| PÆMÖvg †Rjvq A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× cÖvq 5.5 kZvsk nv‡i n‡”Q, hv DcK~jxq AÂj Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Zzjbvq †ewk| mwµq Rbkw³ : 1999-2000 mv‡ji kªgkw³ Rixc Abyhvqx †`Lv hvq †h, GB †Rjvq †gvU Kg©¶g gvby‡li msL¨v 30.37 jvL Ges Gi g‡a¨ 32% gwnjv| Aciw`‡K †`Lv hvq †h, kniv‡j †gvU Kg©¶g †jv‡Ki msL¨v 18.20 jvL, hv †Rjvi †gvU mwµq Rbkw³i 60%| cÖavb RxweKv `j K…lK : K…wl ïgvix (1996) †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi 52% cwievi K…wl Kv‡R RwoZ| G‡`i g‡a¨ 45% ¶z ª K…lK, 7% cwievi ga¨g Ges 1% cwievi eo K…lK| K…wl kªwgK : Pv‡li Rwgi Afve, K…wl DcKiY I Avw_©K mvg‡_© i Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y †Rjvh A‡bK †jvKB Zv‡`i RxweKvi Rb¨ K…wl kª‡gi Dci wbf©ikxj| weweGm Gi K…wl ïgvix (1996) Abymv‡i †`Lv hvq †h, †Rjvq MÖvgxY cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ 22% cwievi K…wl kªwgK| GB nvi w`‡b w`‡b evo‡Q| kû‡i kªwgK : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi kniv‡j kªwg‡Ki msL¨v w`b w`b evo‡Q| MÖvgv‡j Kv‡Ri Afve, wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j †jvKRb me©¯^všÍ n‡q MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i G‡m

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

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`wi ª 50% AwZ `wi ª 26% f~wgnxb 64% ¶z ª K…lK 45%

w`b-gRy‡i cwiYZ n‡”Q| †R‡j : †Rjvi A‡bK †jvK gvQ aivi Dci wbf©i K‡i _v‡K| †Rjvi †gvU MÖvgxY K…lK cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ 7% cwievi gvQ aivi Dci wbf©ikxj| G‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB eskvbyµwgKfv‡e †R‡j Ges cÖavbZ wn›`y ag©vej¤^x| `vwi ª GB †Rjvq cywó MÖn‡Yi wfwˇZ 50% †jvK `wi`ªmxgvi bx‡P Ges 26% †jvK AwZ`wi`ª mxgvi bx‡P evm K‡i| GB nvi DcK‚j I evsjv‡`‡ki nv‡ii cÖvq mgvb| Avevi MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi 64% cwieviB f~wgnxb|

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

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bvixi Ae ’vb • mvwe©K I cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i g‡a¨ wkw¶‡Zi nvi DcK‚jxq

AÂj I evsjv‡`‡ki nv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| • cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q †g‡q wkïi fwZ©i nvi †ewk| • mwµq kªg kw³‡Z bvix‡`i Ask MÖnY Kg| • wj½ AbycvZ (100:111) bvixi cÖwZK~‡j| • †g‡q wkï‡`i g‡a¨ Acywói nvi †ewk| • N‡i ev evwo‡Z mš—vb cÖm‡ei nvi evsjv‡`‡ki nv‡ii

†P‡q Kg| • K…wlRxex MÖvgxY cwiev‡i bvix cÖavb M„‡ni msL¨v †ewk| • gvZ…g„Zz i nvi cÖwZ nvRv‡i 5 Rb , hv RvZxq (5 Rb) I

DcK~jxq A‡ji (5 Rb) mgvb | • †Rjvq 13-49 eqm `‡ji bvix‡`i g‡a¨ AvaywbK Rb¥

wbqš¿Y c×wZ e¨env‡ii nvi 38%, hv RvZxq (44%) IDcK~jxq A‡ji (41%) nv‡ii Zzjbvq Kg|

bvix‡`i Ae ’vb DcK~jxq AÂj I evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U PÆMÖvg †Rjvi bvix‡`i Ae¯’vb wKQyUv wfbœ| wmwcwW-BDGdwcG wKQy ˆewk‡ó¨i (†hgb RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ, wk¶vi nvi Ges A_©‰bwZKfv‡e mwµq kªgkw³) Dci wfwË K‡i wj½ m¤úwK©Z Dbœqbm~PK ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| GB wn‡me Abyhvqx PÆMÖvg †Rjv wbgœgvÎvi wj½xq AmgZvc~Y© †Rjv| PÆMÖvg †Rjvi bvix‡`i Ae¯’vb we‡kl wKQy m~P‡Ki wfwˇZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj| wj½ AbycvZ : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 48% bvix| †Rjvi wj½ AbycvZ 100:111, hv DcK‚jxq AÂj I evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| AcÖvß eq¯‹ (0-14 eQi) RbmsL¨vq wj½ AbycvZ 100:112| wKš‘ cÖRbb¶g eqm`‡j (15-49 eQi) wj½ AbycvZ 100:108| cÖRbb ^v ’¨ : cwievi cwiKíbv Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ (FPMIS-1999)-Gi Z_¨ Abymv‡i, †Rjvq gvZ…g„Zz i nvi 5.46, hv bvbv cÖc Øviv cÖfvweZ| Lv‡`¨i Amg e›Ub, SzuwKc~Y© mš—vb Rb¥`vb, AvaywbK ^v¯’ †mevi Afve †hgb, Wv³vi, wK¬wbK I nvmcvZv‡ji Afve gv‡q‡`i g„Zz¨ nvi‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| PÆMÖvg †Rjvi bvixiv Zv‡`i RxeÏkvq M‡o 2.50 wU wkïi Rb¥ w`‡q _v‡Kb Ges GB nvi ax‡i ax‡i K‡g Avm‡Q| †Rjvi 38% bvix AvaywbK cwievi cwiKíbv c×wZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q, hv mgMÖ DcK‚jxq A‡j 41%| ˆeevwnK Ae ’v : †Rjvi 10 eQi I Zvi E‡aŸ© †gvU RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ 27% bvix weevwnZ Ges 1% bvix ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v (we.we.Gm, 2001)| GLv‡b we‡q wbe܇bi nvi 83% (we.we.Gm-BDwb‡md, 2001)| kªgkw³ : mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki b¨vq DcK‚jxq A‡jI bvix cyi“‡li Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ wfbœZv †`Lv hvq| bvixiv cÖavbZ cwievwiK Drcv`b cÖwµqvq kªg †`q| c ©vcÖ_v, cÖ_vMZ wk¶v I cÖwk¶‡Yi Afve, AcÖZzj †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’v, K‡Vvi agx©q Abykvmb BZ¨vw`i cÖfv‡e AK…wlLvZ ev PvKwi I †mevg~jK Lv‡Z bvix‡`i AskMÖnY A‡bK Kg n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM I `vwi‡`ªi KlvNv‡Z RR©wiZ bvixiv bvbv ai‡bi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z eva¨ nq| G Qvov wk¶vi µgwe¯—vi, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi DbœwZ, GbwRI‡`i ¶z`ª FY Kg©m~Px, miKvix I †emiKvix m‡PZbZvg~jK Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j cÖ_vMZ †¶‡Î bvix‡`i AskMÖnY evo‡Q| kªgkw³ Rwic (1999-2000) Abymv‡i 1999-2000 mv‡j PÆMÖvg †Rjvi †gvU kªgkw³i 32% wQj bvix| GB nvi DcK‚jxq M‡oi †P‡q A‡bK Kg| kªgkw³ Rwic Abyhvqx Av‡iv †`Lv hvq †h, kniv‡j bvix‡`i AskMÖnY (30%) MÖvgv‡ji (35%) Zzjbvq Kg Ges Zv DcK‚jxq M‡oi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg| †Rjvi 15-49 eQi eqmx bvix‡`i g‡a¨ gvÎ 25% A_© ev Lv‡`¨i wewbg‡q wewfbœ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ, hv mgMÖ DcK‚jxq A‡j 26% (wb‡cvU©, 2003)|

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

20

wKš‘, kªgkw³‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi nv‡ii Zzjbvq bvix‡`i gRyix cÖvwß A‡bK Kg| K…wl ïgvix (1996) Abyhvqx †`Lv hvq †h, 16% bvix K…wl Kv‡R AskMÖnY Kiv m‡Ë¡I †Kvb cÖKvi gRyix cvq bv| Avevi hviv gRyix cvq Zviv cyi“l‡`i cÖvq wZb fv‡Mi `yB fvM gRyix †c‡q _v‡K| ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó : ¯^v¯’¨ I cywóMZgvb bvix‡`i Ae¯’v‡bi GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wb‡ ©kK| ch©vß ^v ’¨‡mevi Afv‡e bvix‡`i 93% -B N‡i mš—vb cÖme K‡i _v‡Kb| GB nvi evsjv‡`k M‡oi †P‡q Kg| Avevi cÖmeKvjxb mg‡q 22% †¶‡Î cÖwk¶YcÖvß `vB I 11% †¶‡Î Wv³viiv mnvqZv K‡i _v‡Kb| 67% †¶‡Î AvZ¥xq ¯^Rb I cÖwZ‡ekxiv mnvqZv K‡i _v‡Kb| GB †Rjvq beRvZK g„Zy i nvi cÖwZ nvRv‡i 60 Rb, hv evsjv‡`k M‡oi †P‡q †ewk| wKš‘, wkï‡`i g‡a¨ Acywói nvi AZ¨š— †ewk| †Rjvi 5% wkïB Pig Acywói wkKvi Ges †g‡q wkï‡`i g‡a¨ Acywói nvi (5%) †Q‡j wkï‡`i †P‡q (4%) †ewk| wk¶v : wk¶v †¶‡Î PÆMÖvg †Rjvi bvixiv wKQyUv GwM‡q Av‡Q| mvwe©K I cÖvß eq¯‹ wk¶vi nvi (h_vµ‡g 50% I 52%) DcK‚j I evsjv‡`k nv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| hw`I Zv cyi“l‡`i wk¶vi nv‡ii Zzjbvq Kg| wKš‘ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q †g‡q‡`i fwZ©i nvi †Q‡j‡`i Zzjbvq †ewk| cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, gva¨wgK ¯‹zj¸‡jv Ges gv ªvmv¸‡jv‡Z †gvU QvÎQvÎxi A‡a©KB †g‡q| K‡jR¸‡jv‡Z cÖvq 40% QvÎx| GB Ae ’vb DcK‚jxq cÖeYZvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| bvix wbh©vZb : N‡ii †fZ‡i-evB‡i bvixiv cÖwZwbqZB bvbv ai‡bi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi| N‡i bvix wbh©vZb †Rjvi GKwU AwZcwiwPZ NUbv|

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

21

euva 341 wK.wg. †i¸‡jUi 159 wU wb®‹vkb Lvj 543 wK.wg.

PÆMÖvg e› ‡i cY Avg vwb ißvwbi cwigvY (†g.Ub) eQi ißvwb Avg`vwb †gvU

1990-91 919 6282 7201 1991-92 770 6268 7038 1992-93 1120 6496 7616 1993-94 1169 6728 7897 1994-95 1354 8925 10279 1995-96 1450 8851 10301 1996-97 1437 9117 10554 1997-98 1527 9560 11087 1998-99 1697 12206 13903 1999-2000 1753 13388 15141

cvKv iv¯—v 4,408 wK.wg. mIR iv —v 1,228 wK.wg. GjwRBwW iv —v 3,180 wK.wg iv —vi NbZ¡ 0.83 wK.wg./ eM© wK.wg.

AeKvVv‡gv

iv¯—v-NvU GB †Rjvq moK I Rbc_ Awa`߇ii Aax‡b †gvU 1,228 wK.wg. iv¯—v wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ RvZxq gnvmoK 175 wK.wg., AvÂwjK gnvmoK 33 wK.wg. Ges Dc‡Rjv m`i¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvMKvix moK 1020 wK.wg.|

GQvovI GjwRBwW-i Aax‡b 3,180 wK.wg. iv¯—v wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| GB †Rjvq iv¯—vi NbZ¡ 0.83 wK.wg./ eM© wK.wg., hv DcK~jxq A‡ji Nb‡Z¡i †P‡q †ewk| wKš‘ Øxc I Pi A‡j iv¯—v-Nv‡Ui Ae¯’v fv‡jv bq|

†cvìvi AwaK dmj Drcv`b I cÖvK…wZK wech©q †_‡K MY-gvbyl‡K i¶vi ZvwM‡` lv‡Ui `k‡K PÆMÖvg †Rjvq †cvìvi wbg©v‡Yi KvR ïi“ nq| G ch©š— cÖvq 341 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© euva wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv cÖvq 89 nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡K †jvbv cvwbi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i _v‡K| 159wU †i¸‡jUi I 543 wK.wg. cvwb wb®‹vkb P¨v‡b‡ji gva¨‡g †cvìvi¸‡jv †_‡K cvwb wb®‹vkb Kiv nq (wmBAviwc, 2000)|

N~wY©So Avkªq‡K› ª GB †Rjvq †gvU 492wU N~wY©So Avkªq‡K› ª i‡q‡Q| GB Avkªq‡K› ª ‡jv‡Z †Rjvi 15% †jvK Avkªq wb‡Z cv‡i| eQ‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mgq Avkªq‡K›`ª¸‡jv cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi Awdm wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|

mvgvwRK I ag©xq cÖwZôvb 1998 mv‡ji wn‡me Abyhvqx GB †Rjvq †gvU 1,338wU K¬ve, 201wU KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi, 2,969wU mgevq mwgwZ, 296wU †ckvRxex msMVb i‡q‡Q| 7,140 wU gmwR`, 1,426wU gw›`i I 8wU PvP© Av‡Q|

M‡elYv cÖwZôvb PÆMÖvg †Rjvq †ek K‡qKwU M‡elYv ms ’vi Awdm I wimvP© †ókb Av‡Q| G‡ i g‡a D‡j−L‡hvM n‡jv evsjv‡ k eb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, evsjv‡ k grm M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, evsjv‡ k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, evsjv‡ k Pv M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, g„wËKv m¤ú Dbœqb Bbw÷wUDU BZ vw |

A_©‰bwZK AeKvVv‡gv wegvb e›`i : PÆMÖv‡g i‡q‡Q evsjv‡ ‡ki wØZxq AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e› i, Òkvn AvgvbZ AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e› iÓ| GB e› i †_‡K fviZ, _vBj vÛmn wewfbœ †`k I Af¨šÍixY i“‡U wegvb Pvjbv Kiv nq|

mgy`ª e›`i : PÆMÖvg e› i evsjv‡ ‡ki cÖavb mgy ª e› i| GwU KY©dyjx b xi Wvbcv‡k e‡½vcmvM‡ii DcK‚j †iLv †_‡K bq bwUK vj gvBj wfZ‡i Aew ’Z| GB e› i †_‡K cÖwZ eQi M‡o cÖvq 15,000 †gwUªK Ub cY Avg vwb ißvwb n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e GB e› iwU eZ©gv‡b bvbv iKg mgm vq RR©wiZ| 1990 mvj †_‡K 2000 mvj ch©šÍ PÆMÖvg e› i †_‡K cY

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

22

Avg vwb ißvwbi Mo cwigvY cv‡ki mviwb‡Z †`Lv‡bv nj|

e¨vsK I FY myweav : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq cÖavb me¸‡jv e¨vs‡KiB kvLv i‡q‡Q| GK wn‡m‡e †`Lv hvq †h, 1999-2000 mv‡j †Rjvi e¨vsK¸‡jv‡Z cÖvq Avwk nvRvi wgwjqb UvKv Rgv wQ‡jv| GB mÂq 1993-94 mvj †_‡K 66% e„w× †c‡q‡Q, hv DcK‚jxq A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i cÖeYZvi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©|

Aci Av‡iK wnmv‡e †`Lv hvq †h, cÖavb PviwU ¶z`ª FY `vbKvix GbwRI (eª¨vK, Avkv, KvwiZvm I cÖwkKv) †Rjvi cÖvq 11% cwievi‡K FY w`‡q‡Q| G Qvov Av‡iv A‡bK ¯’vbxq GbwRI FY w`‡q _v‡K| G‡`i †gvU msL¨v 9wU, m`m¨msL¨v 96,804 Rb (hvi g‡a¨ 70% bvix) Ges 2001 mvj ch©š— †gvU weZiYK„Z F‡Yi cwigvY cÖvq 108 †KvwU UvKv|

nvU-evRvi †K›`ª : 1996 mv‡ji wnmve Abyhvqx †`Lv hvq †h, PÆMÖvg †Rjvq †gvU 72wU nvU-evRvi †K› ª i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU †K›`ª M‡o 73 eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡ii †jvK‡`i myweav w`‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ DcK~jxq A‡j M‡o cÖwZ 80 eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡i GKwU †K›`ª Av‡Q, hv †Rjvi nvU-evRv‡ii myweavRbK Ae ’vi K_v Zz‡j a‡i|

we y r I †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM : †Rjvi †gvU 56% evwo‡Z we y r ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q, hv DcK~jxq A‡ji †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| Z‡e kni I MÖv‡g ˆe`y¨wZK ms‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î e¨vcK cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| kn‡ii †gvU 71% N‡i we`y¨r ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q| A_P MÖv‡g Gi cwigvY gvÎ 40%| GB nvi bMivq‡Yi we¯Ívi‡K wPwýZ K‡i| D‡j−L¨, 1991 mv‡j †Rjvi gvÎ 38% N‡i we y r ms‡hvM wQj| 1998 mv‡ji wnmve Abyhvqx †`Lv hvq GB †Rjvq †gvU 27,727 wU †Uwj‡dvb ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q|

wkí I evwYR¨ AeKvVv‡gv Bwc‡RW: PÆMÖv‡g i‡q‡Q †`‡ki ¯’vwcZ cÖ_g Bwc‡RW| GwU 1983 mv‡j ¯’vwcZ nq| GwU `w¶Y nvwj kn‡i PÆMÖvg †cvU© †_‡K 2.4 wK.wg. ~‡i Aew ’Z| Bwc‡RWwU 183 †n±i Rwgi Dci Aew ’Z Ges GLv‡b †gvU 428wU c −U Av‡Q|

RvnvR fv½v wkí : wkc †eªwKs Kg©KvÛ evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU m¤¢vebvgq e„nr wkí| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i wkc †eªwKs wk‡í evsjv‡`k wØZxq Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wkc BqvW©¸‡jv‡ZB we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo RvnvR¸‡jv KvUv nq| eZ©gv‡b mxZvKz‡Êi fvwUqvwi I †mvbvBQwo BDwbq‡b wkc BqvW©¸‡jv Aew¯’Z| wkc BqvW©¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZwbqZ nvRvi nvRvi kªwgK Kg©iZ i‡q‡Q| †m‡¶‡Î GwU wekvj GK Kg© ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q| miKvwi ch©v‡jvPbvq GwU GKwU e„nr ivR¯^ LvZ, cÖwZeQi GB wkí n‡Z M‡o cÖvq 800 †KvwU UvKv ivR¯^ msMÖn Kiv n‡”Q| GB wk‡íi Dci wbf©i K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q Av‡iv wKQy e„nr wkí †hgb-óxj wi‡ivwjs wgj, cyiv‡bv RvnvR n‡Z cÖvß KvV I AvmevecÎ Øviv m„ó Avmevec‡Îi kZ kZ KviLvbv Ges Rvnv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ gvjvgvj wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q AvDU wdwUsm e¨emv| ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q GB wkí‡K †K› ª K‡i cÖvq 20wU diIqvW© I e¨vKIqvW© wjs‡KR †QvU eo wkí ev e¨emv M‡o D‡V‡Q| myZivs †Rjvi RbM‡Yi eo Ask wkc †eªwKs wk‡íi Dci wbf©i K‡i Rxeb RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i G wel‡q †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| Z‡e GB wkí eZ©gv‡b bvbv iKg mgm¨vq RR©wiZ|

wkí-KviLvbv : GB †Rjvq eo gvSvwi, ¶z`ª me ai‡bi wkíB i‡q‡Q| eo wk‡íi g‡a¨ wm‡g›U d¨v±wi, B¯úv‡Zi wgj, mvi KviLvbv, †Zj KviLvbv, Jla I cÖmvawb `ªe¨ ˆZwii KviLvbv, Mv‡g©›Um Ab¨Zg| cÖavb ißvwb cY¨ nj - Pv, Pvgov, ïUwK gvQ Ges ˆZwi †cvkvK| fvix wk‡íi g‡a¨ B÷vb© widvBbvix, cvnvoZjx †ijI‡q IqvK©kc, †dŠRx AvUvi Kj, hgybv †Zj †Kv¤úvbx, M−v‡·v I‡qjKvg, wjfvi eªv`vm© †KwWGm

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

23

¸`v‡gi aib msL¨v aviY ¶gZv (†g:Ub) Lv`¨ 48 611,803 exR 30 6,049 mvi 12 57,284

miKvix ms ’v cÖKí msL ªªªªªv evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW© 4 cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms ’v 1 ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi 2 eb wefvM 2 cwi‡ek Awa`ßi 3 Rb ^v ’ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi 2 evsjv‡`k cj−x Dbœqb †evW© 2 moK I Rbc_ Awa`ßi 3 gwnjv welqK Awa`ßi 1 kªg I Rbkw³ gš¿Yvjq 3 PÆMÖvg Dbœqb KZ…©c¶/PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡cv©‡ikb 10 cj−x we`y rZvqb †evW© 3 we y r Dbœqb †evW© 2 wewUwUwe 2 BDwbfvwm©wU MÖv›Um& Kwgkb 1

†mP GjvKv (†gvU) 75,716 †n±i†mP GjvKv (%) 42% f~-Mf© ’ cvwb e¨envi 35% Dcwifv‡Mi cvwb e¨envi 7%

Mv‡g©›Um BZ¨vw`| ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi g‡a¨ cvU Kj, avb gvovBi Kj, AvUv ˆZwii Kj, †Zj ˆZwii Kj, ivmvqwbK KviLvbv, mvevb ˆZixi KviLvbv, Qvcv Lvbv, i“wU I we¯‹zU d¨v±ix, eid Kj Ges †jvnv j°i I SvjvB‡qi KviLvbv Ab¨Zg| KzwUi wk‡íi g‡a¨ evuk I †e‡Zi KvR, gv`yi I cvwU †evbv, ¯^Y©Kvi, Kvgvi, Kzgvi, Kv‡Vi KvR, wcZj I Zvgvi KvR, `wR© cÖf„wZ Ab¨Zg|

K…wl AeKvVv‡gv K…wlwfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖe„w× A‡bKvs‡kB K…wl AeKvVv‡gvi Dci wbf©ikxj| PÆMÖvg †Rjvi †gvU Avev`K…Z

Rwgi gvÎ 42% Rwg‡Z †mP †`qv nq| GB nvi DcK‚j M‡oi †P‡q †ewk (30%) Ges evsjv‡`k M‡oi (50%) †P‡q A‡bK Kg| cÖvq 35% Rwg‡Z f~-c„‡ôi cvwb †_‡K †mP †`qv nq| †Rjvq †gvU 8507wU AMfxi bjK~c, 117wU kw³PvwjZ cv¤ú Ges 5,688wU GjGjwc Av‡Q|

K…wl ïgvix (1996) †_‡K †`Lv hvq 43% MÖvgxY cwievi Rwg‡Z ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi K‡i _v‡K, 0.58% cwievi Uªv±i I 0.32% cwievi cvIqvi wUjvi e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| cÖvq 3 kZvsk evwo‡Z avb gvovBi Kj Av‡Q| 45% evwo‡Z km¨ msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| we.we.Gm. (1998)-Gi Z_¨ Abymv‡i, GB †Rjvq †gvU 90wU ¸`vg i‡q‡Q| hv‡`i †gvU aviY¶gZv nj 675,136 †g. Ub|

Dbœqb cÖKí DcK~jxq A‡ji Dbœqb cÖK‡íi Dci cwiPvwjZ GK mgx¶v (wcwWI-AvBwm‡RWGgwc 2004) †_‡K †`Lv hvq, 2004-2005 A_©-eQ‡i PÆMÖvg †Rjvq 41wU miKvix cÖKí Pvjy Av‡Q| GB cÖKí¸‡jv 15wU miKvix ms ’v ev —evqb Ki‡Q| †hme miKvwi ms ’vi gva¨‡g cÖKí ev —evwqZ n‡”Q †m¸‡jv n‡”Q evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW©, cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms ’v, ’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi, eb wefvM, cwi‡ek Awa`ßi, Rb¯v ’ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi, evsjv‡`k cj−x Dbœqb †evW©, moK I Rbc_ Awa`ßi, BDwbfvwm©wU MÖv›Um& Kwgkb, wewUwUwe BZ¨vw`|

D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU cÖKí nj - Pi Dbœqb I emwZ ’vcb cÖKí, DcK~jxq GjvKvq me‡P‡q S~wKc~Y©

†cvìvi cyYe©vmb cÖKí, Rvcvwb mnvqZvq eûgywL N~wY©So Avkªq †K› ª wbg©vY cÖKí, N~wY©So cyYe©vmb cÖKí, e„nËi †bvqvLvjx I PÆMÖvg †Rjvq cj −x Dbœqb cÖKí, PZz_© grm¨ cÖKí, e„nËi PÆMÖvg we y r mÂvjb cÖKí, mxZvKz‡Û B‡KvcvK© Ges †evUvwbK¨vj Mv‡W©b ¯’vcb cÖKí, cj−x `vwi`ª we‡gvPb Kg©m~Px, Z…Zxq KY©dyjx weªR wbg©vY cÖKí BZ¨vw`| †Rjvi Dbœq‡b GbwRI‡`i Ae`vbI Ab ^xKvh©| GB †Rjvq Kg©iZ cÖavb GbwRI¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvó, †Kv‡WK, †Kv‡mW, Bcmv, KvwiZvm, AvBGmwWB, †Kqvi, Ggwmwm, Avkv, GgGgwm, wiK, eª¨vK, cÖwkKv Ab¨Zg|

AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

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AvBwm‡RWGgwc PÆMÖvg

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mgm¨v I cÖwZeÜKZv PÆMÖvg †Rjvi gvbyl GKw`‡K †hgb wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi wkKvi Aciw`‡K cvwicvwk¦©KZvi d‡j m„ó wewfbœ cÖwZeÜKZvi ØvivI Avµvš— nq| cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB GB †Rjvi gvbyl N~wY©So, R‡jv”Q¡vm I b`x fv½‡bi mv‡_ jovB K‡i Avm‡Q| bx‡P wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Av‡jvPbvq wPwýZ cÖavb wKQy mgm¨v I cÖwZeÜKZvi K_v Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj| cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Awaevmx‡`i Rb¨ N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm GKwU gvivZ¥K y‡h©vM| 1991 mv‡j 29 GwcÖj msNwUZ ¯§iYKv‡ji fqvenZg cÖjqsKvix N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi `xN© 13 eQi ciI PÆMÖvgevmx‡`i myi¶vq †Kvb Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c †bqv nqwb| G Kvi‡Y Zviv eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i i‡q‡Q gvivZ¥K SuywKi g‡a¨| †Rjvq Aew ’Z mvB‡K¬vb †këvi¸‡jv †gvU RbmsL¨vi 15% †jvK‡K N~wY©S‡oi mgq Avkªq w`‡Z cv‡i, hv †gv‡UI h‡_ó bq| Zvi Dci PÆMÖv‡gi c‡Z½v, Av‡bvqviv, euvkLvjx, m›Øx‡c wbwg©Z cÖwZi¶v euva I DcK‚jxq euva¸‡jvi Ae¯’v AZ¨šÍ wec`RbK| 1991 mv‡ji 29 GwcÖ‡ji N~wY©S‡o cªwZi¶v euva weaŸ¯Í nIqvq PÆMÖvg e›`i, PÆMÖvg Bwc‡RW, wkí KviLvbvmn K‡qK nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi ¶q-¶wZ nq| weaŸ¯Í nq †`‡ki GKgvÎ fvix B¯úvZ KviLvbv wPUvMvs wój wgj| †mB aesmh‡Ái ci miKvi we‡`kx mvnvh¨ ms¯’v I wewfbœ †`‡ki Avw_©K mnvqZvq weaŸ¯Í PÆMÖvg bMi cÖwZi¶v euva¸‡jv wbg©vY I cybwb©g©v‡Yi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| †mŠw` miKv‡ii A_© mnvqZvq cÖvq 114 †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q c‡Z½v †_‡K Kzwgiv ch©šÍ 22 wK.wg. `xN© †ewoeuva wbg©v‡Yi cwiKíbv †bqv nq| Gi Aax‡b c‡Z½vq †bfvj GKv‡Wwg †_‡K cÖvq Pvi wK‡jvwgUvi As‡k wmwm e−K euva wbg©vY Kiv nq| Aci 18 wK.wg. euva wbg©vY Kiv nq gvwU fivU K‡i| f~wgK¤ú : f~wgK¤ú PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Rb¨ GKwU fqven `y‡h©vM wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ G Rb¨ †Rjvi Awaevmx‡`i ch©vß cÖ¯‘wZ †bB| PÆMÖv‡g GKwU f~-K¤úxq gvb gw›`i (mvBRwgK AeRvi‡fUwi) Av‡Q| 1954 mv‡j GwU bMixi AvgevMvb bvgK ¯’v‡b ¯’vwcZ nq| GB gvb gw›`‡i KvR Pj‡Zv d‡UvMÖvwdK c×wZ‡Z| 1987 mv‡j GLv‡b ms‡hvRb Kiv nq mvBR‡gvwgUvi UvBgvi, mvBR‡gvMÖvd I wfRyq¨vj †iKW©vi| wKš‘ GB gvb gw›`‡i DËi-c~e© I Lvov Ask (b_©-Bó I fvwU©K¨vj K‡¤úv‡b›U) APj n‡q Av‡Q `xN© AvU eQi a‡i| KvR Pj‡Q ïay DËi-`w¶Y Ask w`‡q| gvb gw›`‡ii †jvKejI Kg| eZ©gvb Ae ’vq gvb gw›`iwU f~wgK‡¤úi c~e©vfvm mwVKfv‡e w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Av‡m©wbK : Av‡m©wbK Avµvš— †Rjv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ PÆMÖvg Ab¨Zg| †Rjvi bjK‚c¸‡jvi g‡a¨ bjK‚c¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 16 kZvs‡kB Av‡m©wb‡Ki gvÎv 50 gvB‡µvMÖvg/wjUv‡ii †P‡q †ewk, hv ¯^v¯’¨MZ w`K †_‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| GZ †ewk gvÎvi Av‡m©wbK ïay Z¡‡Ki †ivMB m„wó K‡i ZvB bq, †ewk w`‡bi msµg‡Y GwU K¨vÝvi I dzmdz‡mi †ivM m„wó K‡i _v‡K|

cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vN~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm f~wgK¤ú Av‡m©wbK gvwU I cvwbi jeYv³Zv Rjve×Zv cvnvo KvUv eb¨v eb DRvo b`x fivU gv‡Qi cÖRvwZ n«vm cwi‡ek `~lY

wkí Dbœq‡bi mgm¨v RvnvR fv½v wk‡íi mgm¨v jeY wk‡íi mgm¨v ch©Ub wk‡íi mgm¨v

AeKvVv‡gvMZ mgm¨v PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii mgm¨v AbybœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v

Av_©-mvgvwRK mgm¨v AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw ’wZ PÆMÖvg gnvbMixi mgm¨v

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gvwU I cvwbi jebv³Zv : cvwbi jeYv³Zv GKw`‡K †hgb my‡cq cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv Kwg‡q †`q Aciw`‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi †iv‡MiI KviYI n‡q _v‡K| Aciw`‡K gvwU‡Z jeYv³Zvi Rb¨ me ai‡bi dmjI nq bv Ges wgVv cvwbi Afv‡e me mgq †mPI †`qv hvq bv| GB †Rjvq gvwU I cvwbi jeYv³Zvi gvÎv ax‡i ax‡i evo‡Q| Rjve×Zv : Rjve×Zv PÆMÖvg gnvbMixi GKwU cÖavb mgm¨v| hw`I mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb wKQy †Wªb I cvwb †ei nevi c_ ˆZwii D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AcÖZzj| Z‡e ïay PÆMÖvg gnvbMix‡ZB Rjve×Zvi m„wó nq Zv bq, lv‡Ui `kK †_‡K jeYv³ cvwbi cÖ‡ek †VKv‡bv I dm‡ji Drcv`b evov‡bvi Rb¨ †cvìvi evbv‡bv ïi“ nq| wKš‘ Ach©vß cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v, b`xi MwZc_ I cvwbcÖev‡ni w`K cwieZ©b, AcwiKwíZ AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY b`x‡Z cwj covi nvi cwieZ©b, †cvìv‡ii wfZ‡ii Rjv c_¸‡jv fivU n‡q hvIqv cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y GLb PÆMÖv‡gi A‡bK GjvKvB Rjve× n‡”Q| cvnvo KvUv : wbwe©Pv‡i cvnvo KvUvi d‡j e`‡j hv‡”Q †Rjvi cÖwZ‡ek| eb I Dw™¢` nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| cÖvYxiv nviv‡”Q Zv‡`i Avevm¯’j| eb¨v : cvnvwo Xj I c −vebf~wgi eb¨vq PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Awaevmxiv wec`MÖ¯Í n‡q _v‡K| eb DRvo : eb aŸsm †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ miKv‡ii me©vZ¥K c`‡¶c m‡Z¡I AvksKvRbK nv‡i eb DRvi n‡q hv‡”Q| GB nvi Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j A ~i fwel¨‡Z cy‡iv †RjvB ebk~b¨ n‡q ci‡e| b`x fivU : PÆMÖv‡gi Kb©d~jx b`xi Pv³vB GjvKvq eo eo MvQ †d‡j Ges Ab¨vb¨ Dcv‡q b`x fivU K‡i eûZj feb wbg©vY Kiv n‡”Q| d‡j Kb©d~jx msKzwPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Zv Qvov ev›`ieb, iv½vgvwU Ges LvMovQwo †_‡K cÖwZ eQi cvnvwi X‡j PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Dci w`‡q e‡q hvIqv b`x¸‡jv cwj gvwU‡Z fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| †WªwRs Gi †Kvb e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq yK~j Dc‡P K…wl I RbM‡Yi ¶wZ mvab Ki‡Q| b`x I Lvj ¸‡jv fivU n‡q hvIqvi Kvi‡Y †bŠ-c‡_ e¨emv evwYR¨I _g‡K hv‡”Q| gv‡Qi cÖRvwZ n«vm : AwZwi³ gvQ aiv, cwi‡ek `~lY cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y ZxieZx© AÂj¸‡jvi AMfxi cvwbi gvQ Av‡¯—— Av‡¯— K‡g hv‡”Q| Av‡M †h cwigvY gvQ cvIqv †hZ GLb Avi †mB cwigvY cvIqv hvq bv| cwi‡ek ~lY : wewfbœ wkí KviLvbv, PÆMÖvg e›`i, RvnvR fv½v wk‡íi Dcw¯’wZi d‡j †Rjvi cwi‡ek gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡q co‡Q| welv³ c`v‡_©i cÖfv‡e gv‡Qi bvm©vix MÖvDÛ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ m›Øxc P¨v‡b‡j gv‡Qi †cvbv k~b¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| mxZvKzÛ DcK‚‡j Lvwj RvqMvq wbwe©Pv‡i wkc †eªwKs BqvW© M‡o IVvq grm¨ m¤ú‡`i Dci Gi weiƒc cÖfve co‡Q| cix¶v K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q, Gme cvwb‡Z Kcvi, wRsK, †jW, AvqiY, g¨v½vwbR, †µvwgqvg, gvK©vix, wb‡K‡ji g‡Zv welv³ c`v_© cvIqv †M‡Q, hv grm¨ m¤ú` aŸs‡mi Rb¨ h‡_ó| GQvovI RvnvR †_‡K wbm„Z n‡”Q †Zj I nvB‡WªvKve©b| GiB cÖfv‡e mvMi n‡Z P‡j‡Q grm¨ k~b¨| Z‡e `~l‡Yi gvÎv Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ GL‡bv miKvi †_‡K D‡j −L‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM cwijw¶Z nqwb|

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wkí Dbœq‡bi mgm¨v RvnvR fv½v wk‡íi mgm¨v : †`‡k RvnvR fv½v wk‡í Pj‡Q bvbv Awbqg, A_P miKvi eQ‡i GB wkí †_‡K cÖvq 800 †KvwU UvKv ivR¯^ Av`vq Ki‡Q| wKš‘ GB wkí e¨e¯’vcbv A_ev cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ G hver †Kvb myôz bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Kiv nqwb| RvnvR fv½v‡K wkí wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv n‡jI G wkí †Kvb gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b †bB| wkc †eªwKs BqvW©¸‡jvi gvb AvšÍR©vwZK ¯Í‡i DbœxZKi‡Yi j‡¶¨ evsjv‡`k wkc †eªKvm© G‡mvwk‡qkb BDGbwWwci Avw_©K mnvqZvq GKwU cvBjU cÖKí nv‡Z wb‡jI Zv g~jZ dvBj e›`x n‡q Av‡Q| bxwZgvjv bv _vKvq mxZvKz‡Êi we¯ÍxY© GjvKv Ry‡o †h †hfv‡e cvi‡Q wkc †eªwKs BqvW© M‡o Zzj‡Q| G wk‡íi i‡q‡Q eûwea mgm¨v †hgb-M¨vm we‡õviYRwbZ `yN©Ubvq kªwgK nZvnZ nIqv, kªg AwaKvi jsNb, kªg AvBb AbymwiZ bv nIqv, kªwgK‡`i Z¡wir wPwKrmv, cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM-myweavi Afve Ges wbivcËvi Afve cÖf„wZ GB wk‡íi wbZ¨‰bgwËK e¨vcvi| GQvov i‡q‡Q cwi‡ek ylYRbxZ mgm¨v| wbDwK¬qvi ~l‡Yi c‡iB RvnvR fv½v wkí gvivZ¥K cwi‡ek `~lYKvix gva¨g wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| RvnvR fv½v wkí cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ¶wZKviK weavq DbœZ we‡k¦ GB wkí †bB ej‡jB P‡j| RvnvR fv½vi d‡j gvwU, cvwb, evqy `~wlZ n‡q c‡o| mswk−ó GjvKv grm¨kyb¨ n‡q hv‡”Q| gvbyl fyM‡Q Pg©‡ivM, mœvqweK †ivMmn Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡M| gvwU nviv‡”Q De©ikw³| G Qvov i‡q‡Q gvivZ¥K kã `~lY| †Kej cwi‡ek `~lY bq, PÆMÖv‡gi wkc †eªwKs BqvW© my‡hvM myweavnxb cwi‡e‡k ga¨hyMxq kªgRxex‡`i b¨vq cyivZb Rvnv‡Ri †jvnvj°i KvU‡Z KvU‡Z nvRvi nvRvi kªwgK c½y n‡q hv‡”Q| wPwKrmv myweav bv _vKvq cÖwZ eQi M¨vswMÖb AvµvšÍ †ivMxi msL¨v e„w× cv‡”Q| G‡`i mK‡jB nviv‡”Q nvZ, cv, Pzjmn kix‡ii bvbv A½-cÖZ¨½| Bqv‡W© †Kvb dvqvi weª‡MW bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y cÖvqkB we‡ùviY I AwMœKv‡Êi msev` cvIqv hvq| yN©UbvKewjZ nZfvM¨ kªªwgK‡`i Rb¨ †bB †Kvb nvmcvZvj| AwaKvsk kªwgKB Pzw³wfwËK fvmgvb| d‡j

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AeKvVv‡gvMZ mgm¨v PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii mgm¨v : †`‡ki cÖavb mgy`ª e›`i PÆMÖvg e›`i we‡k¦i me‡P‡q SyuwKc~Y© e›`i¸‡jvi ZvwjKvq wØZxq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| Ae¨vnZ cwj c‡o bve¨Zv nviv‡bv, RvnvR PjvP‡j mgš^qnxbZv, gvjvgvj DVv‡bv bvgv‡bvi †¶‡Î cÖkvmwbK RwUjZv, K‡›UBbvi RU I ybx©wZ Ges Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i A`¶Zv cÖavb KviY e‡j wPwýZ Kiv nq| PÆMÖvg †cv‡U©i Kvh©µg `¶ Rbe‡ji Afv‡e gvivZ¥K e¨vnZ n‡”Q| AbybœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’v : PÆMÖv‡g Av‡Q GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK mgy ªe›`i I wegvb e›`i| GKB mv‡_ GwU GKwU wkí Aa~¨wlZ bMix| wKš‘ iv¯Ív-NvU¸‡jv AcÖk¯Í Ges †bB †Kvb dzUcvZ| Zvi Dci iv¯Ív¸‡jv †e`Lj K‡i GK †kªYxi Amvay †jvK e¨emv evwYR¨ Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i cÖvY‡K› ª Pv³vB, LvZzb MÄ, Avmv`MÄ I †Kivbx M‡Ä cwiKwíZ †Kvb iv¯Ív-NvU bv _vKvq mg‡qi AcPq QvovI mvwe©K Dbœqb Kvh©µg e¨nZ n‡”Q| PÆMÖvg †Rjvq iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui Mo NbZ¡ fv‡jv _vK‡jI iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui Ae¯’v fv‡jv bq| †givgZ I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Afv‡e AvšÍ‡Rjv moK¸‡jvi Ki“Y Ae¯’v| PÆMÖvg †_‡K K·evRvi hvIqvi c‡_ hvb-evnb¸‡jv‡K PjvPj Ki‡Z n‡”Q gvivZ¥K SuywK wb‡q| PÆMÖvg-ivDRvb mo‡Ki AwaKvsk eªxR-KvjfvU© gvivZ¥K SyuwKc~Y© n‡q c‡o‡Q| moK I Rbc_ wefvM K‡qKwU †mZz‡Z e¨env‡ii Abyc‡hvMx I SyuwKc~Y© mvBb‡evW©I Szwj‡q w`‡q‡Q| G mo‡Ki Dci w`‡q cÖwZw`b K‡qKwU i“‡Ui kZ kZ hvbevnb PjvPj K‡i| PÆMÖv‡gi KY©dzjx b`xi Dci ¯’vwcZ KvjyiNvU eªx‡Ri RivRxY© `kv| kZvãx cÖvPxb GB eªxR †givg‡Zi Rb¨ 10 †KvwU UvKvi Dbœqb cÖKí †bqv n‡q‡Q I mvgwqKfv‡e hvb PjvPj eÜ ivLv n‡q‡Q| eb¨v I AwZwi³ el©‡Yi d‡j moK¸‡jvi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wcP D‡V hvq| ZvQvov iv¯Ívi `yÕcv‡ki †`vKvb, gv‡K©U, evwo-Ni¸‡jv DuPz nIqvi Kvi‡Y el©vKv‡j e„wói cvwb cÖevwnZ n‡Z bv †c‡i iv¯Ívi Dci AvU‡K _v‡K| moK Dbœq‡b Kg A_© eivÏ, moK Dbœqb I †givg‡Zi cÖavb evav e‡j Rvbv hvq| PÆMÖv‡gi mvgyw`ªK Rjmxgv w`‡q cÖPzi msL¨K hvbevnb PjvPj K‡i| G‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jvB wbg©v‡Yi Dchy³ wbivcËv e¨e¯’v AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Avevi ïaygvÎ b`x‡Z Pjvi Dchy³ †bŠhvbI mgy`ªmxgvq Pjv‡div K‡i _v‡K| d‡j †bŠ `yN©Ubvi SyuwK µgvMZ evo‡Q| PÆMÖvg †bŠ-e›`‡i PjvPjKvix RvnvR¸‡jvI wewfbœ mg‡q `yN©Ubvq c‡o _v‡K| 1989, 1991 I 2003 mv‡j eo ai‡bi `yN©Ubv NU‡Q| g~j f~-LÊ †_‡K Øxc¸‡jv‡Z hvIqvi GKgvÎ gva¨g Rjc_| †bŠhvb I wm-UªvK¸‡jvi PjvPj †Rvqvi fvUvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| Avevi Rjhvb¸‡jv myôy wWRvB‡bi Afve, AwZwi³ hvÎx enb, PvjK‡`i cÖwk¶‡Yi Afve, Wy‡ev Pi I b`xi Zxeª †mªvZ, N~wY©So cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y wbivc` bq| b`x e›`i I Nv‡Ui Lvivc Ae¯’vi Kvi‡Y we‡kl K‡i wkï I bvixiv mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb|

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Av_©-mvgvwRK mgm¨v AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ : AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Rb¨ GKwU eo mgm¨v| bvbv Kvi‡Y myôy AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ eRvq ivLv cÖkvm‡bi Rb¨ mgm¨v n‡q hvq| PivÂj, mvMi I b`x e¶, PÆMÖvg †cvU©, AvšÍR©vwZK mxgvbv, wewfbœ KjKviLvbv, ebf~wgmn wewfbœ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ’vb, ’vcbv I m¤ú` _vKvi Kvi‡Y AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw ’wZ i¶v Kivi Rb¨ cÖkvmwbK m¶gZv `iKvi Zv GB gyn~‡Z© †bB| Ab¨w`‡K cvnvo, ebvÂj I `yM©gZvi Kvi‡Y AvBb-k„•Ljv i¶v Kiv Av‡iv KwVb| me wgwj‡q ‡Rjvi mvgwMÖK AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ Av‡iv Dbœq‡bi AeKvk Av‡Q| PÆMÖvg gnvbMixi mgm¨v : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq wecyj msL¨K †jvK bMiv‡j evm K‡i| PÆMÖvg gnvbMix‡ZB evm K‡i cÖvq 3.5 jvL †jvK| PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb I miKv‡ii me©vZ¥K c`‡¶c m‡Z¡I bMievmxi Rxeb bvbvgyLx mgm¨vq RR©wiZ| Gme mgm¨vi g‡a¨ cÖavb n‡jv - N~wY©So, mvgyw ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm, eb¨v, AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ, Rjve×Zv, ch©vß ¯^v¯’¨ I wk¶v myweavi Afve, ch©vß we`¨yr myweavi Afve, wbivc` cvbxq Rj I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Afve, f~wgK¤ú BZ¨vw`|

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e¨e¯’vcbvq bMixi nvwjkni Ges †iŠdvev` GjvKvq Wvw¤ús Kiv nq| 2002/03 mv‡ji w`‡K WvP miKv‡ii cÖhyw³MZ aviYv †_‡K gqjv AveR©bv e¨envi K‡i we`y¨r I M¨vm Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbv †bqv nq| cieZx©‡Z Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi cÖ‡KŠkjxiv gqjv AveR©bv †_‡K R¡vjvwb Ges ˆRe mvi ˆZwii c×wZ Awe®‹vi K‡ib| m¤ú~Y© †`kx cÖhyw³‡Z QqwU av‡c R¡vjvwb c`v_© Drcv`b Kiv nq| Ab¨vb¨ R¡vjvwbi Zzjbvq ¸bMZgv‡bi w`K †_‡K GB R¡vjvwb DbœZ Ges `vg A‡bK Kg| GB cÖK‡í cÖwZw`b 10 Ub R¡vjvwb c`v_© Drcbœ n‡e| Ki‡cv‡ikb R¡vjvwb c`v_© ˆZwii cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi ci ˆRe mvi Drcv`‡bi cÖKí nv‡Z †b‡e| we`y¨r I M¨vm Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbvI i‡q‡Q| Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb Øxcv‡ji Dbœqb : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq †ek K‡qKwU gvbe emwZc~Y© Øxc Av‡Q| cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y Gme Øx‡ci Awaevmxiv wec`msKzj _v‡K| Z`ycwi ch©vß AeKvVv‡gv I cwi‡e‡ki Afv‡e RbM‡Yi mvgvwRK DbœqbI evavMÖ — nq| ZvB Gme GjvKvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ h_v‡hvM¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev —evq‡bi AeKvk Av‡Q| Gi d‡j mvgMÖxKfv‡e †Rjvi Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e| bvix wk¶vi my‡hvM : PÆMÖv‡g ïaygvÎ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g AvšÍ©RvwZK AvevwmK gwnjv wek¦we`¨vjq ‘Asian University for Women’-Gi cÖwZôvi Kvh©µg Pj‡Q| Iqvì© e¨vsK I Gwkqvb †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vs‡Ki Avw_©K mnvqZvq 6,000 †KvwU UvKv ev‡R‡Ui GB cÖK‡íi Rb¨ BwZg‡a¨ cvnvoZjxi wbKU 104 GKi Rwg eivÏ Kiv n‡q‡Q| PÆMÖvg Dbœqb KZ…©c¶ ms‡hvM moK, eªxR I iv¯Ív wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ 33 †KvwU UvKvi GKwU c„_K cÖKí MÖnY K‡i‡Q| GwU Gwkqv‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK gv‡bi wØZxq wek¦we`¨vjq Ges ïaygvÎ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ_g wek¦we`¨vjq n‡e| GB wek¦we`¨vj‡q †g‡qiv Z_¨cÖhyw³, cwi‡ek cÖ‡KŠkj, †UKmB Dbœqb, e¨e¯’vcbv, wk¶v, Kjv Ges weÁv‡bi wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci covi my‡hvM cv‡e| 2006 mvj bvMv` wbg©vY KvR †kl nevi c‡i GB wek¦we`¨vj‡q 25% evsjv‡`kx QvÎx I 75% we‡`kx QvÎx fwZ© nevi my‡hvM n‡e| GB wek¦we`¨vjqwU evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎx‡`i Rb¨ wk¶vi GKwU bZzb w`MšÍ D‡b¥vPb Ki‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv n‡”Q| Gi cvkvcvwk †`‡ki wØZxq gwnjv cwj‡UKwbK Bbw÷wUD‡Ui wfwËcÖ¯ÍiI PÆMÖv‡gi nvwjkn‡i ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ eQi GLv‡b 160 Rb QvÎx fwZ© n‡Z cvi‡e| wbivc` cvwb mieivn : Lvevi Zxeª msKU †fvMv PÆMÖvg gnvbMixi Awaevmx‡`i cvwb mieiv‡ni j‡¶¨ PÆMÖvg cvwb I cq:wb®‹vkb KZ©„c¶ 200 †KvwU UvKvi †gvniv cvwb mieivn cÖKí nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q| GB cÖK‡íi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡¤úv‡b›U nj nvj`v b`xi Zx‡i cvwb cwi‡kvab c−v›U, 105 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© cvwb mieivn jvBb ¯’vcb Ges c‡Z½v eyóvi †÷k‡bi cyYe©vmb Ges ¶gZv e„w×| 2007 mvj bvMv` GB cÖKí †kl n‡j gnvbMixi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ msL¨K Awaevmx‡K cvwb mieivn wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e| cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` e¨envi I msi¶Y mvgyw ªK m¤ú` AvniY : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq D‡j −L‡hvM¨ msL¨K †jvK Zv‡`i RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ mvgyw ªK gvQ aivi Dci wbf©ikxj| DbœZ gvQ aivi DcKiY, evRviRvZKi‡Yi myôz e¨e ’v, cÖvwZôvwbK mnvqZv, mgy‡`ª

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wbivcËvi h_vh_ e¨e¯’v Kiv †M‡j gvQ Avni‡bi cwigvY A‡bK evov‡bv m¤¢e| DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM I cwienb Ges gvQ msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v I dwoqv‡`i Dc`ªe Kgv‡bvi e¨e¯’v †R‡j‡`i gv‡Qi Dchy³ g~j¨ †c‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| Z‡e grm¨ AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g ZxieZ©x GjvKvi gv‡Qi Dci Pvc Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e n‡e Ges Mfxi mgy‡`ªi gv‡Qi AvniY evov‡bv m¤¢e n‡e| PÆMÖv‡g KuvKov Pv‡li GKwU D¾¡j m¤¢vebv Av‡Q| BwZg‡a¨ wKQz GjvKvq KuvKov Pvl ïi“ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GB nvi Av‡iv evov‡bv hvq| ebR m¤ú‡`i e¨envi I i¶Yv‡e¶Y : PÆMÖvg eb wefvM (`w¶Y) PÆMÖvg `w¶Yv‡ji ¶qcÖvß ebf~wg‡Z cybivq eb m„Rb Kivi Rb¨ Askx`vwiZ¡g~jK ebvqb Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡i‡Q| GB Kvh©µgwU GjvKvevmxi g‡a¨ e¨vcK Drmvn m„wó K‡i‡Q| AskMÖnYKvixiv MvQ †`Lvïbv I i¶Yv‡e¶Y K‡ib, wewbg‡q Av‡qi GKwU Ask cv‡eb| GLb ch©šÍ GB Kvh©µ‡gi Aax‡b cÖvq 2200 GKi Rwg‡Z eb m„Rb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖvq 2000 DcKvi‡fvMx Ask wb‡”Q| PÆMÖvg †Rjvi mgy`ª ZxieZx© GjvKvq cÖPzi cwigvY GjvKv Ry‡o g¨vb‡MÖvf eb m„Rb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB eb GKw`‡K †hgb N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi cÖ‡Kvc Kgvq Aciw`‡K ’vbxq †jvKR‡bi KvV, R¡vjvwb, cï Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i| hw`I µgea©gvb Pvwn`vi d‡j A‡bK GjvKv‡ZB eb aŸsm n‡q hv‡”Q wKš‘ ebR m¤ú‡`i Pvwn`v i‡q †M‡Q| ZvB ’vbxq RbmvaviY‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i euva, iv¯—v, mvB‡K¬vb †këvi, ¯‹zj, Awdm, Lvm Rwg‡Z mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi †ek my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| Rwgi myôz e¨envi : PÆMÖvg AZ¨šÍ NbemwZ c~Y© †Rjv| GLv‡b wewPÎ ai‡bi m¤ú` †hgb cvnvo, b`x, eb, grm¨, jeY, †ejvf~wg, M¨vm †¶‡Îi mgvnvi N‡U‡Q| i‡q‡Q RvZxq ch©v‡qi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’vcbv, †hgb PÆMÖvg e›`i, kvn AvgvbZ AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`i, wewfbœ wkí KviLvbv BZ¨vw`| Gme¸‡jv m¤ú` I ¯’vcbvi cwic~Y© e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb myô f~wg e¨envi cwiKíbv| GQvov PÆMÖv‡g RbmsL¨v `ª“Z MwZ‡Z evo‡Q| GB evowZ RbmsL¨vi Pvwn`v wgUv‡bvi Rb¨I f~wgi myôz e¨envi cwiKíbv I ev¯Íevqb Kiv `iKvi| BwZg‡a¨B PÆMÖvg wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb I PÆMÖvg Dbœqb KZ…©c¶ PÆMÖvg gnvbMixi gvóvi c−vb ˆZwi I e¨env‡ii c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Q| Rxe ˆewPΨ msi¶Y : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi PzbwZ‡Z GKwU eb¨cÖvYx AfqviY¨ †K› ª, mxZvKz‡Û GKwU B‡KvcvK©, nvj`v b`x‡Z GKwU grm¨ AfqviY¨ Av‡Q| GB me ’vb¸‡jv‡K fvjfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv †M‡j Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶Y Kiv hv‡e| dqÕm †jKmn msjMœ GjvKvq 167 GK‡ii Dci GKwU †evUvwbK¨vj Mv‡W©b ’vc‡bi GKwU cwiKíbv miKvi ev¯—evqb Ki‡Q| GB Mv‡W©‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi †`kx we‡`kx Rv‡Zi euvk, †eZ, Jlwa MvQ jvMv‡bvi cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q| Z‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi `xN©m~ÎZvi Kvi‡Y GB cwiKíbv †ewk`~i AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡iwb| PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Bbw÷wUDU Ad d‡iw÷ª G¨vÛ Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj mv‡qÝ KZ…©c¶ K¨v¤úv‡m weij cÖRvwZi MvQ I eb¨ cÖvYx msi¶‡Yi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q|

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gvQ Pvl : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi cÖvq 56% cyKz‡i gvQ Pvl Kiv n‡q _v‡K Ges †n±i cÖwZ gv‡Qi Drcv`b eQ‡i 3.4 †gwUªK Ub| Avevi cwiZ¨³ I Pvl‡hvM¨ cyKz‡ii cwigvY 46%, †hLv‡b gv‡Qi Mo Drcv`b eQ‡i 1.97 †g.Ub/†n.| Gi nvi DcK‚jxq I evsjv‡`k M‡oi †P‡q †ewk| wKš‘ hw` †Rjvi mg¯— cyKzi¸‡jv‡K DbœZ gvQ Pvl c×wZi AvIZvq Avbv nq Z‡e Drcv`b A‡bK ‡e‡o hv‡e| PÆMÖv‡gi wKQy wKQy Dc‡Rjvq †jvKRb mgevq wfwˇZ gvQ Pvl K‡i e¨vcK mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| wPswo Pvl : PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Clr jeYv³ gvwU I cvwb Mj`v I evM`v wPswo Pv‡li Rb¨ AbyK~j cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b Pi GjvKvi cÖPzi cwigvY Rwg wPswoi †Ni ˆZwi‡Z e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| hw` DbœZ I cwi‡ek evÜe wbweo c×wZ‡Z wPswo Pvl Kiv nq Z‡e Zv g~j¨evb ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e| jeY wk‡íi Dbœqb : PÆMÖvg †Rjvq GLb ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ euvkLvjx Dc‡Rjv‡ZB jeY wk‡íi weKvk N‡U‡Q| wewmK Drcvw`Z DbœZ jeY Pvl c×wZ e¨envi K‡i je‡Yi ¸bMZgvb I Drcv`‡bi nvi A‡bK ¸b evov‡bv m¤¢e| AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb AeKvVv‡gv msi¶Y : PÆMÖvg GKwU cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vMc~Y© †Rjv| ZvB RbM‡Yi Rvbgv‡ji wbivcËvi Rb¨ Dchy³ AeKvVv‡gv †hgb euva I †cvìvi, −yBm †MU I †i¸‡jUi, mvB‡K¬vb †këvi I ms‡hvM moK, wKj−v BZ¨vw` GKwU mgwš^Z cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g wbg©vY, e¨envi I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Ges mZK© ms‡KZ e¨e¯’vi DbœwZi AeKvk i‡q‡Q| PÆMÖvg e›`i Dbœqb : PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ GKwU e›`i‡Kw›`ªK eû ms‡hvMwfwËK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB‡qi j‡¶¨ Gwkqvb †W‡fí‡g›U e¨vs‡Ki mnvqZvq Dhaka Chittagong Economic Corridor bvgK GKwU mgx¶v nv‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q| GB mgx¶vwU‡Z GKwU bZzb gywis Uvwg©bvj, I‡qj U¨vsKvi¸‡jvi Rb¨ Mfxi cvwb‡Z †bv½‡ii myweav, †Uvj Av`v‡qi Rb¨ eû †jbwfwËK e¨e ’v eZ©gvb moK¸‡jvi Dbœqb Ges XvKv-PÆMÖv‡gi g‡a¨ D”PMwZi †ijI‡q jvBb ¯’vc‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡e| cY¨ cwien‡bi Rb¨ XvKv I PÆMÖv‡gi g‡a¨ D”P MwZm¤úbœ †dwi mvwf©m ’vc‡bi m¤¢ve¨ZvI hvPvB Kiv n‡e| e›`i KZ©„c‡¶i wbR¯^ Znwe‡j GKwU Container Terminal ‰Zix n‡P&Q|

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fwel¨‡Zi iƒc‡iLv PÆMÖvg †Rjvq eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v 65.44 jvL (2001)| avibv Kiv n‡”Q GB †jvK msL¨v †e‡o AvMvgx 2050 mvj bvMv` n‡e 1 †KvwU 30 jvL| 2015 mvj evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi ª we‡gvPb †KŠkj ev —evq‡bi †kl eQi| GB mgq bvMv` †jvK msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i 85 jv‡Li Dc‡i| GB wecyj Rb‡Mvôxi †gŠwjK Pvwn`v (Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, wPwKrmv I wk¶v) c~i‡bi Rb¨ GLb †_‡KB cÖ¯‘wZ Pj‡Q| gvby‡li Avq I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM evo‡e| AeKvVv‡gv I miKvwi cwi‡mevi Av‡iv AMÖMwZ n‡e| PÆMÖvg mgy`ª e›`‡ii my‡hvM I m¤¢vebv e¨vcK| wgqvbgvi, †bcvj, fyUvb I fvi‡Zi DËi-c~e©v‡ji ivR¨¸‡jvi e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ GB e›`i e¨env‡ii ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`k cÖPzi ˆew`‡kK gy`ªv Avq Ki‡Z cv‡i| bMixi Zxeª Avevmb mgm¨v †jv‡ci Rb¨ PÆMÖvg Dbœqb KZ…©c¶ KY©dzjx b`xi cwðg cv‡k AvevwmK GjvKv M‡o †Zvjvi cwiKíbv wb‡q‡Q| GB cÖK‡íi Aax‡b 2015 mvj bvMv` 25 jvL †jv‡Ki Rb¨ Avevm‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e| 342 †KvwU UvKvi GB cÖKíwU eZ©gv‡b A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi we‡ePbvaxb i‡q‡Q| PÆMÖv‡gi dqÕm †jK‡K GKwU wek¦gv‡bi ch©Ub I we‡bv`b †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ KvR Pj‡Q| wkï-wK‡kvimn me eq‡mi gvby‡li Avb‡›`i DcKi‡Y mw¾Z Ki‡Z 103 †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q ev¯Íevqb n‡”Q dqÕm †jK AvaywbKvqY cÖKí| ch©Ub Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi m‡½ 50 eQi †gqvw` weì, Acv‡iU G¨vÛ UªvÝdvi (weIwU) Pzw³‡Z GB cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡”Q| GK GKi Rwgi Dci evsjv‡`k ch©Ub Ki‡cv‡ikb PÆMÖvg †ij †÷k‡bi wbKU AZ¨vaywbK my‡hvM myweavm¤^wjZ 10 Zjv GKwU †nv‡Uj wbg©v‡Yi cwiKíbv nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q| 800 wgwjqb UvKv e¨‡qi GB cÖKí AvMvgx 2006 mvj bvMv` †kl n‡e| PÆMÖvg wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb KZ…©c¶ nvwjkn‡i 10 wgwjqb UvKv e¨‡q GKwU ev‡qvM¨vm cÖKí ’vcb K‡i‡Q| R¡vjvwbi Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e bMixi msM„nxZ AveR©bv e¨envi Kiv n‡e| cy‡ivcywifv‡e Pvjy n‡j cÖwZw`b cÖvq 10 nvRvi wKDweK wgUvi M¨vm Drcbœ n‡e| Drcvw`Z M¨v‡mi AwaKvsk we y¨r Drcv`‡b e¨envi Kiv n‡e| GB cÖKí mdj n‡j bMixi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Av‡iv wKQy c−v›U ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbv wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi i‡q‡Q| mv½y b`xi Dci w`‡q ˆZcvi Øxc - Puv`yci eªxR ˆZwii KvR Pj‡Q| 434 wgUvi `xN© GB eªxRwUi wbg©vY KvR †kl n‡j †Rjvi euvkLvjx, †jvnvMov, mvZKvwbqv, Pv›`bvBk Ges Av‡bvqviv Dc‡Rjv Ges K·evRvi †Rjvi mv‡_ e›`i bMixi †hvMv‡hvM e„w× cv‡e| KY©dzjx b`xi Dci Z…Zxq eªxR ’vc‡bi cwiKíbv †bqv n‡q‡Q| eb wefv‡Mi mvgwRK ebvq‡bi cÖwµqvq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g †Rjvi MÖvgxY I cÖZ¨š— GjvKvi RbMY AZ¨š— DcK…Z n‡”Q| mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi cÖwµqvq AskMÖnYKvixiv moK I evu‡ai Xv‡j wewfbœ iKg MvQ †hgb †gnMwb, wkï, †cqviv, evejv, wbgMvQ Ges wewfbœ iKg mewR †hgb †e¸b, U‡g‡Uv, wgwó Kzgov jvwM‡q

2001 2015 2050 †gvU †jvK msL¨v (jvL) 65.44 85.39 130

cyi“l 34.40 43.13 64.93 bvix 31.03 42.27 64.93

bvix I cyi“‡li AbycvZ 111 102 100 kû‡i RbmsL¨v (%) 50 58 88

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_v‡Kb| mewRi cy‡ivUvB DcKvi‡fvMxiv †bb| Mv‡Qi gvwjKvbv nq †hŠ_| Mv‡Qi whwb i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ki‡Qb Zvi gvwjKvbv 55 kZvsk| eb wefv‡Mi 10 kZvsk, mswk−ó BDwbqb cwil‡`i 5 kZvsk, euva ev mo‡Ki gvwjK ms ’v 20 kZvsk Ges Aewkó 10 kZvsk cvq eb wefv‡Mi wUª dvwg©s dvÛ| GB cÖwµqv eZ©gv‡b AZ¨š— mvov RvwM‡q‡Q| Z‡e e›`i bMix nevi Kvi‡Y I †jvKRb‡`i m‡PZbZvi Afv‡e PÆMÖvg †Rjvi wecyjmsL¨K Awaevmx GBWm †iv‡Mi gvivZ¥K ûgwKi m¤§yLxb| Rjevqyi cwieZ©b, b`x cÖevn nªvm, b`x cÖev‡ni w`K cwieZ©b, mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× cÖf„wZi d‡j PÆMÖvg †Rjvi wecyj GjvKv ûgwKi m¤§yLxb| m¤cÖwZK Kv‡j N‡U hvIqv mybvwg Z_v mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡ki f~wgK‡¤úi d‡j m„ó R‡jv”Q¡vm PÆMÖvgevmx Z_v DcK‚jevmx‡K GK fqven wec‡`i AvksKvq †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| G iKg mybvwg hw` evsjv‡`k DcK‚‡j AvNvZ nv‡b Z‡e Aeb©Yxq ¶wZ mvab n‡e|

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`k©bxq ’vb PÆMÖv‡g A‡bK AvKl©Yxq ch©Ub ’vb Av‡Q| GB †Rjvi dqÕm †jK, †dŠR`vinvU mx-weP, evUvwj wnj, †`e cvnvo, †KvU© wnj, wWwm wnj †Rgm wdb‡j wnj, cvnvoZjxi ˆfcyqvi `xwN, AvMÖvev‡`i †Xevi cvo, c‡Z½vi mx-weP ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ AvKl©Yxq ¯’vb| dqÕm †jK : g‡bv‡jvfv dqÕm †jK A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB ch©UK‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i Avm‡Q| cvnvomvwii g‡a¨ †j‡Ki ¯^”Q¡ Rjivwk‡Z †bŠKv wb‡q wePiY mwZ¨ ågYwcqvmx‡`i gb fywj‡q †`q| c‡Z½v mgy ª ˆmKZ: c‡Z½v mgy ª ˆmKZ †`kx we‡`kx ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ GKwU AvKl©Yxq ¯’vb| m~h©v Í I m~‡hv©`‡qi g‡bvig `„k¨ †`Lvi Rb¨ c‡Z½v mgy`ª ˆmKZ Dchy³ ¯’vb| ˆmKZ ‡_‡K nVvr nVvr †Pv‡L c‡o RvnvR PjvPj| c‡Z½v †_‡K †dŠR`vinvU ch©šÍ 21 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© GB ˆmK‡Z kxZKv‡j cÖwZw`b cÖvq 10,000 ch©UK Av‡m| wKš‘ GLv‡b ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ †Zgb †Kvb myweav †bB ej‡jB P‡j| A‰ea †`vKvb-cvU M‡o IVvi d‡j ˆmK‡Zi †mŠ›`h© A‡bKLvwb bó n‡q‡Q| ch©UK‡`i wbivcËviI NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| mܨvi ci cÖÖvqkB wQbZvB ivnvRvwb n‡q _v‡K| evUvwj wnj : evUvwj wn‡ji P~ovq DV‡j †`Lv hvq PÆMÖvg gnvbMix b`x, cvnvo, mgy`ª, `w¶Yv‡ji `~ieZx© cvnvo I DcZ¨Kv| cvwK© mgy ª ˆmKZ : PÆMÖvg kni †_‡K 16-17 wK‡jvwgUvi `w¶‡Y Av‡bvqvivi Mwnivq Aew¯’Z mgy`ª ˆmKZ cvwK© B‡Zvg‡a¨ ch©UK‡`i bRi Kvo‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| 1991 mv‡ji cÖjqsKwi N~wY©S‡oi ci DcK‚j i¶vi ¯^v‡_© evsjv‡`k eb wefvM Ges Mwniv GjvKvi RbmvaviY †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M GLv‡b ebvqb Kiv nq Ges cieZx©‡Z Aemi we‡bv`b †K›`ª M‡o †Zvjv nq| GLv‡b jvMv‡bv SvD MvQ¸‡jv eo n‡q DV‡j GLv‡bi cwi‡ek cv‡ë hvq| iwOb KuvKovi Qy‡UvQywU, m~h©v‡¯Íi g‡bvni `„k¨, ˆmK‡Z †Nvovq Pov, Rxc Pvjv‡bv, ¯úxW‡evUmn mvM‡ii ey‡K Qy‡U †eov‡bvmn GLvbKvi A‡bK wKQyB ch©UK‡`i Kv‡Q AvK©lYxq| ev‡giQov - Wv‡biQov B‡Kv cvK© : PÆMÖv‡gi euvkLvjx‡Z ˆbmwM©K †mŠ›`h©¨ †Niv g‡bvig ch©Ub ¯úU ev‡giQov I Wv‡biQov GjvKvq B‡Kv cvK© ˆZwii cwiKíbv †bqv n‡q‡Q| miKv‡ii wbR¯^ A_©vq‡b AvMvgx wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ mv‡o cuvP †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q cÖKíwU ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶Y I Dbœqb cÖK‡íi Rb¨ e¨q aiv n‡q‡Q 5 †KvwU 28 jvL UvKv Ges Rj we`y¨r †K›`ª ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ 21 jvL UvKv| Rvbv hvq, g~jZ ev‡giQov I Wv‡biQov cÖKí MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv †mP cÖKí wn‡m‡e| cÖ_‡g GjwRBwW KvR ïi“ Ki‡jI c‡i GLvbKvi Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶Y I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ eb wefv‡Mi Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq| †j‡Ki Rjivwk, Kvkdz‡ji „k¨, eb¨ cÖvYxi †Kvjvnj - G ¯ú‡Ui †mŠ›`‡h© bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q| myD”P cvnv‡oi Dci w`‡q Lvwj †Pv‡LB †`Lv hvq A`~‡i e‡½vcmvM‡ii Ac~e© `„k¨| B‡Kv cvK© m„wói cÖKí †kl n‡j GB GjvKv †`kx-we‡`kx ch©UK‡`i Kv‡Q Av‡iv AvKl©Yxq n‡q DV‡e|

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Av‡bvqvivi †kvjKvUv : PÆMÖv‡gi BwZnv‡mi †jvKKvwnbx wn‡m‡e L¨vZ gby wgqv I gvjKv evbyi ¯§„wZ weRwoZ Av‡bvqvivi †kvjKvUv MÖvg `k©bxq ¯’vb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q| PÆMÖvg kni †_‡K 16 wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i GB MÖvg Aew¯’Z| Aemi we‡bv`b Ges `k©bxq ¯’vb wn‡m‡e GLv‡b A‡b‡KB Av‡mb| gby wgqvi `xwN I gmwR` ms¯‹vi K‡i GLv‡b PgrKvi wcKwbK ¯úU M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e| HwZnvwmK ¯’vcbv : PÆMÖv‡g wewfbœ HwZnvwmK ¯’vcbv i‡q‡Q, †hgb †eªvÄ g~wZ© (8g I 9g kZvãx‡Z wbwg©Z, Av‡bvqviv Dc‡Rjvq Aew ’Z), dwKiv gmwR` (nvU nvRvix‡Z Aew ’Z), gymv Lvb gmwR` (1658 mv‡j wbwg©Z), Kziv KvUwb gmwR` (1806 mv‡j wbwg©Z), Kvjv gmwR` (16k kZvãx‡Z), QywU Lvb gmwR` (gximivB), K`g †gveviK gmwR` (1719), Av›`vi wKj−v gmwR`, Iqvwj Lvb gmwR` (1790), evi AvDwjqv `iMvn, eKmx nvwg` gmwR` (1568 mv‡j wbwg©Z, euvkLvjx‡Z Aew ’Z), PÆMÖvg †KvU© wewìs (1893), K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj, RvwZZvwË¡K Rv`yNi (1974), wRqv ¯§„wZ Rv`yNi BZ¨vw`| GQvovI i‡q‡Q PÆMÖvg ‡ev× gw›`i I weªwUkwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi ¯§„wZweRwoZ wewfbœ ¯’vb| Gme ¯’vb¸‡jv‡K msi¶Y Kiv n‡j ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ AvKl©Yxq ’v‡b cwiYZ n‡e| Iqvi wm‡gwUª : wØZxq wek¦ hy‡×i ¯§„wZweRwiZ GB Kei¯’v‡b 1939 †_‡K 1945 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wØZxq wek¦ hy‡× wbnZ 755 Rb ˆmwb‡Ki Kei Av‡Q| cÖwZ eQi A‡bK ch©UK GB ¯’vb åg‡Y Av‡mb| RvwZZvwË¡K Rv yNi : PÆMÖv‡gi RvwZZvwË¡K Rv`yNiwU Gwkqvi wØZxq e„nËg Rv`yNi wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| 1965 mv‡j GwU cÖwZwôZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j emevmiZ Avw`evmxmn we‡k¦i †gvU 27wU ¶z`ª Rb‡Mvôxi mvgwMÖK Rxeb cÖevn I Zv‡`i ¯’vcZ¨ wb`k©b GLv‡b cÖ`wk©Z n‡q‡Q| wRqv ¯§„wZ Rv yNi : wRqv ¯§„wZ Rv yNiwU cÖqvZ ivóªcwZ wRqvDi ingv‡bi Rxeb I K‡g©i Dci wfwË K‡i PÆMÖv‡gi mvwK©U nvD‡R cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| mvwK©U nvDRwU wbwg©Z n‡qwQ‡jv 1913 mv‡j| mvwK©U nvD‡Ri g~j febwU evs‡jv UvB‡ci †`vZjv| `„wóbw›`Z GB BgviZwU ågYKvix‡`i `„wó mn‡RB Kv‡o| jvj`xwN : weªwUk Avg‡j ¯’vwcZ jvj`xwN AZxZ HwZ‡n¨i ¯^v¶i n‡q AvRI we`¨gvb| Gi Pvicv‡k i‡q‡Q g‡bvig cvK©| cv‡K©i cwðg cv‡o GKwU gmwR`| jvj`xwNi cvK©wU 1997 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K fvi‡Zi Rqcy‡ii c wmwi AbyKi‡Y cybwbg©vY Kiv nq| P‡Æk¦ix Kvjx gw›`i : `w¶Yv‡ji cvnvwo ˆbmwM©K cwi‡e‡k †KvZvqvjx _vbvi `vgcvovq P‡Æk¦ix Kvjx gw›`‡ii Ae¯’vb| AvR †_‡K cÖvq `yÕk eQ‡ii cÖvPxb gw›`i| GLv‡b 4wU wke gw›`i I 1wU bvU gw›`i i‡q‡Q|

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mgwšZ DcK~jxq AÂj e¨e ’vcbv cwiKíbv †cÖvMÖvg †W‡fjc‡g›U Awdm-mgwš^Z DcK~jxq AÂj e¨e¯’vcbv cwiKíbv (wcwWI-AvBwm‡RWGgwc) cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v (Iqvi‡cv)-i GKwU cÖKí| GwU GKwU eûLvZ wfwËK Ges eûcÖwZôvbwfwËK D‡`¨vM| GKwU Avš—tgš¿Yvjq w÷qvwis KwgwU Ges GKwU †UKwbK¨vj KwgwUi wb‡`©kbvq GwU cwiPvwjZ nq| AvbyôvwbK fv‡e Gi Kvh©µg ïi“ n‡q‡Q †deª“qvwi, 2002 mv‡j| DcK~jxq Dbœq‡bi mvwe©K j¶¨ n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cwi‡ek ˆZix Kiv †hLv‡b †UKmB RxweKv Dbœqb Ges RvZxq Dbœqb cÖwµqvi mv‡_ DcK~jxq GjvKvi Dbœqb cÖwµqvi mgš^q mvab Kiv hvq| GB cÖK‡íi Kg©KvʇK QqwU Kg©m~Px‡Z fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q-

• DcK~j AÂj bxwZ cÖYqb • DcK~j A‡ji Rb¨ Kg©‡KŠkj cÖYqb • DcK~j A‡ji Dbœq‡b wewb‡qvM cwiKíbv cÖYqb • DcK~j A‡ji RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœqb • cÖwZôvb I cÖvwZôvwbK mnvqZv • GKwU mgwš^Z Ávb fvÊvi

eZ©gv‡b cÖKí †_‡K eû we‡k −lYagx© cÖwZ‡e`bmn DcK~j AÂj bxwZ cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| DcK~j A‡ji mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi iƒc‡iLv cÖYq‡b DcK~jxq GjvKvi MYgvby‡li civgk© I gZvgZ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Avi ZvB cÖKí ïi“i mgq †_‡K AvR Aewa mgwš^Z DcK~jxq AÂj e¨e ’vcbv I †Rjvevmxi AskMÖn‡Y A‡bK¸‡jv ˆeVK, M‡elYv I gZwewbgq mfv AbywôZ nq| GiB avivµwgK weeiY bx‡P Zz‡j aiv nj|

Rbmvavi‡Yi mvwe©K Ae¯’v Rvbvi j‡¶¨ cvi¯úwiK Avš—twµqvi welqwU GLv‡bB †_‡g †bB| cÖK‡íi cwiKíbv Abyhvqx GwU GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡e| Lye wkMwMiB cÖKí I †Rjvevmxi AskMÖn‡Y Askx`vi‡`i Av‡jvPbv, DcK~jxq Dbœqb †KŠkj wba©viY BZ¨vw` AbywôZ n‡e|

AvÂwjK †Mvj †Uwej ˆeVK, PÆMÖvg wW‡m¤^i, 2001 DcK~jxq A‡ji gvby‡li „wóf½ux Aa¨qb RyjvB-AvMó, 2002 Pi Dbœqb I emwZ ¯’vcb cÖKí : GKwU †Km ÷vwW †deª“qvwi-GwcÖj, 2003 DcK~jxq †Rjvi wec`vcbœZv KviY Aa¨qb RyjvB, 2003 Lmov DcK~j AÂj bxwZi Dci †Rjv ch©v‡q gZwewbgq mfv A‡±vei, 2003 DcK~j AÂj †KŠk‡ji Dci AvÂwjK cÖv_wgK gZwewbgq mfv, PÆMÖvg A‡±vei, 2004