,UME 92, NUMBER 25 FRIDAY, MAY 12, 1972 MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS FIVE CENTS

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By The Tech StaffCambridge and Somerville

tactical poice, using tear gas,dogs and clubs swept hundredsof demonstrators from. the MITcamnpus yesterday. The policeaction came after antiwarprotestors, only a few of themMIT students, smashed windows,vandaized railroad tracks andblocked Massachausetts Avenuewith dumpsters and debris.

For three hours, under spo-radic rain showers, police andcrowds parried back and forthacross Kresge Plaza. Policelobbed dozens of canisters oftear and pepper gas at demon-strators, and at spectatorsgathered on the roofs of dormn-itoies and on the dome of

Building 7.'In several instances, police

aimed tear gas projectiles direct-ly at people. Gas was throwninto Kresge Auditorium as theConcert Band rehearsed for aFriday pe:rformance; hundredsof people took refuge in the.Student Center.

Six' minor and four seriousinjuries were treated in the MITIdlrmar. The serious injuriesincluded a broken arm, headinjuries with lacerations andbroken teeth, and two back in-juries, the latter caused by teargas canisters fired directly atstudents. The head injuries werethe result of prolonged beatingand kicking by riot police of astudent who had reportedlyatempi9ed to huBl a bluing teargas canister back at police. Therewere also reports of at leastthree dog bites inflaicted by thepolice K-9 corps.

MIT officials expressedanguish at cthe violence. "Abloody mess,' Jerome Wiesnercalled it. The administration wasat pains to emphasize that policehad not been invited on campus,but had acted within their ownjurisdiction. At least twice dur-ing the fray Wiesner attempted

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sible target for trashing. Smallfires were set outside the build-ings. A second group vandalizedrailroad tracks, reportedlysmashing switch boxes arnd flash-ers with clubs and sledge-hammers.

The third group attempted tomove up Mass Ave, but Cam-bridge police had been alertedand turned them back towardM[IT with a tear gas barrage.

About 35 demonstratorsmarched on Building 20, whichhouses ROTC. They quicklybroke several windows andsmashed down a door, and thenrejoined the mass of the groupon Mass Ave.

The groups near the railroadtracks had meanwhile moveddown to 77 Mass Ave wherethey blocked traffic and erect-ed a barricade, using dumpsters,signs and lamposts'torn from thestreet. Large numbers of MITstudents had begun to join thataction. Meanwhile, the admini-stration had locked the doors ofthe main entrance and attemp-

{Please turn to page 3)

to intercede with the police,urging thiem to stop the indis-criminate gassing of the WestCampus, but he was ignored.

The events grew out of ademonstration that beganwith a4 pm rally at the JFK FederalBuilding in Boston. (Earlier inthe day about 2)00 people, in-cluding several from MIT, werearrested in the civil disobediencethat has been going on at JFKsince President Nixon's speechlast Monday night). The rallywas called by an ad hoc "Com-mit tee Against InternationalOutlawry"; in leaflets the CAIOexpressed the intenticon "to bar-ricade the barricaders, block theblockaders . . "

About 400 people left theJFK Building following the rally,marched down Boylston Streetand across the Haard Bridgepast MIT. The group reachedMIT about 5:55 pm. Just aboveVassar Street the group split inthree: one group proceeded toTech Square, which houses of-fices of Polaroid and HIoneywell,and has been considered a pos-

bride and Solmerville taeial police move onto the MIt}A-)us, asisted by dogs and tear gas in dispersing protestors acrossge Plaza. The demonstratsors fled across the Plaza from police,re mor tear gas barrages were levied in the area-of Kresgeitorium, the Sudent Center, and MscCormack HMall. Police aterhe afternoon charged across the Plaza after protestors.

Fredkin's proposals by statingthat, "There is no recourse left'to those of us who are commit-ted to bringing an end to the warthan to stop doing businieiss asusual." Fredkin ended themeeting by saying, "'We don'thave to say why we're having anational strike - we're doing itbecause we're fed up."

The Committee, headed byFredkin, is a group of students,faculty, and staff whose mem-bers share the common beliefthat the war must be ended.Their work now is in raising,money, discussing tactics, andforming a nationwide com-munication network, to be usedto coordinate a massive nation-wide strike. Resources tappedfor the first time by the Com-mittee will be the prestige andconnections of the faculty,liaisons with Washington, andthe physical resources of theuniversity itself. The Committee,along with most other anti-wargroups, is headquartered in theStudent Center's East Lounge.

Over 1200 students, faculty,and staff attended the generalmeeting held Wednesday at noonin Kresge. It was decided thatseveral options be made availableto participants. Several werebrought up, discussed, andpassed: !. Support a nationalgeneral strike against the war,including the shutdown of theInstitute. 2. An economic boy-cott of all unnecessary consumergoods. 3. Continuation ofpolitical activities such as cam-paigning, lobbying, letterwriting, and telephoning. 4. Mil-itant actions, including sit-ins,picket lines, and possible build-ing occupations.

A strike steering committeewas formed, to implement anynecessary machinery and tactics.The group, composed of stu-dents, faculty, and members ofthe Employees Caucus, metWednesday night in the StudentCenter. The 50 representativespassed a resolution calling upon"all members of the communityto work for an immediate, total,and unconditional withdrawal

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This has been a frantic weekof anti-war activities at MIT andaround the nation, as a result ofPresident Nixon's decision Mon-day night to m-ine harbors ilnNorth Vietnam, and prevent sup-plies from reaching the "inter-national outlaws."

On Tuesday, a noon meetingin Kresge led by ProfessorEdward Fredkin, director of Pro-ject MAC, representing TheCommittee, called for the estab-lishment of a national anti-warcenter at MIT and for an openmeeting to discuss anti-waractions. Professor of PsychologySteve Chorover followed

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MBTA polics wo to dear dbris Paftr ptnm vandalized railroad 2mcks. Photos by Dave Tenenbaum

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By Jim' Moody Ohio, Kansas, Florida, Ohichis week .has seen a massive State, Princeton, and Binois.Yst of protests, demnsi- Traffic was stopped by Chiotns, and civil disobedience cago demonstrators. nThere wens the nation in reaction to struggles wih G,,ards at the

n's escalation of the war in United Nations Building and allamn. the Capitol. Mounterd pociegionally, over 500 people have broken up sevreal demona

been arrested in recent (Pleasre turn to paege 2}, at Westover Ai Force basehicspee. Yesterday, the e: -

idents of Amherst and - -

h, their wives, and sevenral }?I..:-:ty members were arrested. -'

Sty peoPple each have beenSted ina Westport and New .. v:7 '-

L of VeHrmont studen t'

arrested in Burlington.ic blockages have occurred '"~

ridges and streets in Am- f, Newton, South Deerfield, .:-iresd as students at Dar-Eth, and B8ostoni College.ailding occupations have.place at Northeastern, the

ersties of Vermont andle Island, Harvard, and atUSS Clonstitution, wher e ral Vietnam Vets wereted yesterday. Picketing has .i plae throughout the area.Tuesday, there have been

:anent pickets at the JFK '--''-ing, with several arrests- yes.

iesday, two student- s were in demonstrations at the ..

ersity of New Mexico. Onecritical condition.rrests, protests, demon- - ..tons, andi civil disobediencebeen taking place at collegeroses and cities throughout:ountry, : the Universities ofen nsan,/ Southemn Florida,

Faculty Meetingf wil be '-I at 3:t5 pa today in

1iO-ll250, not in Kresge

ffitorium~ as previoudy _ P'``··`).-·~:~i'Ouncegd.B~

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PAGE 2 FRIDAY, MAY 12,1972 THETECH9 - -- -- - - --u-raa-n~ -- ---- ~I.-m

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(Continued from page 1)strations in New York Clty. TheConnecticut River was "mined"by protesters.

As the mines were activatedin North Vietnam yestecdaymorning at 7:00, Senators Cran-ston and Hughes led a prayervigii at the Capitol., Four Demo-crats, Conyers, Delluns, Absug,arnd Ryan are introducing a reso-

.NOTESDr. Federick G. Hoffman,

Associate Dean of Admissions ofColumbia University, College ofPhysicians and Surgeons, wil speakwith all premedical students,Tuesday, May 16 at 5:00 pm in3-133.

* Excerpts frosm the inningentries of the tOT/ Humanitiesdepartment writing competition willbe read at the Pot Luck Coffee HouseFiction Oigy, Friday, May 12 at 8prn; and at the open reading,Tuesday, IMay 16, 4 pmR in theHaydeniLibrary courtyard.

* Workshop on "A Revolua5onmyWorking C2ass Peo-ctive forPWomenes Leration" presented byWomen and RevolutFion, Friday, May12 at 7:30 pm at the BU StudentUnioun, Terrace Lounge-* The Back Studeent aUnion wffhold its fial meeting of the year,Sunday, May 14 at 3 pna The agendaof the meetfng will be the report ofthe chairmen for 1971 -72,presentation of new officexs, anddiscussion of plans for the comingyear- All black students, facuRty, and.staff are uaged to attend the meetingbeing held in the BSU Lounge,50-105.

Natasha Lisraa wil dilcuss theliterature of the Soviet unldergroundand dissent in liie Soviet Union onMay ! 8, at 8 pm at the Intematio nalResearch W3rehouse, 6th and RogersSt., Kendall Square, Cambasdge. Formore irnforation car 491-9487.

* Dl. Dennis Meadows,' co-authorof Linits to Growth, will speak atthe Third Annual General Assemblyof the Zero Pop,.afion Growth,Friday, May 19 at 7:30 pm at theHarvard Bio Labs, 15 Divty St,

nCambridge

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924 Mi. A b~ im _ ahom 491-9592

RECOILEight Short Plays

Presented by the MIT Coamunit Players

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Due to the emrngeny faculty meeting- and the strike activities,several Kaleidoscope btents have been cancelled. These eventsare: the student-facuzlty softbal-game, the The Tech kite flyingcontest, the Logarbytbms, the Brass Choir, and the WbeelockGlee Club. All otber activities should take place as scheduled.

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lution to impeach Nixon for"'high crimes-"

At the University ofMinnesota in Minneapolis, 5police, and 30 studeBnts wereinjured in mass protests, and 200National. Guard were called ina.Arrests have run into the hun-dreds.

Demonstrations in Berkeleyhave nearly shut down the city,and the mayor has called for acomplete stoppage of normalroutines for today.

In other political actsivities,the Massachusetts Senate voted

36-1 to condemn the mining, "inthe strongest possible terms."Six governos harve joined in atelegram urging Nixon "toreverse this grave and dangerouspolicy decision."

China and Russia have filedprotests with the United NationsIn its first topaevel announce-ment, the Soviet Governmentsaid yesterday, that Nixon's ac-tions "complicate further thesituation in Southeast Asia andare feraught with serious con-sequences for internationalpeace and security."

LOCATED ON THE KRESGE PLAZA

Men's socks - st Quality ........... . .. Special .89Men's Irregusar Pocket Tee Shirts ' .. 8Men's Irregular Briefs, Pkg. of two ........ ..... 1.25Famosus Brand Sport Shirts, ... p ..... a.....iaO 4.99Famous brands of Knit Shirts, ........... S pecial 599Men's Knit Shirts.- Some Irregulars. Asst.Styles, Orig. $5 to $18, ........... Special 2.99 & 3.99Men's Casua! JacketsReg. 7.99 & 10.99 .. 3.0 & 5.0OMen's Shirts - Dress & Sport Styles inSolids & Stripes. Some reg. 3.99;Some Specially Purchased, ............. NOW 2.88M.I.T. Lined Jackets Reg. 19.95 .......... ............... 13.90

5:15 pmtTuesday, May 2Leclure HalE 9-[50

Technology and Cultur Seminar

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Iand Ecoam:csProfesor Walter A. WUeskopf,

Professor of EconomicsRoosevelt University

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We invis c to joEn us by conributing to:

MEDICAL AID TO INDOCHINA, INC.474 Centre StreetPNeteon, Mass. 02158

The Mdcal Aid Committee for Indochina is col-leering gfaunds to purchase medical supplies for vic-tims of Amelrican interention in SE Asia. OfficialUS medTcal relief prcgrams are not reaching thepeople rwho have suffered from the continuing war.Instead, medicine and other supplies have beenused for military purposes, including pacificationand propnganda programs. Moreover, the few med-ical programs intended- for civigians rarely benefitthem because of administrative bureaucracy andcorruption.e

Therefore, all help sent by Medical Aid for Indo-china is directed to those people living in areas notcontrolled by US supported forces. We are utiizingall available channels to insure that medical sup-plies will be-distrilted to these areas of northernVietnam, southern Vietnamr, Lacs and Cambodia,accordirn to need.

Fuends wll be utilizecd for purchase of 1) medical·suelies (anti-ralarial drugs, anai-biotics, vitamins,eta}, 2} rmedical eqipment as requested by hospi-tals, and 3} meical textbooks and journals.

We deplore the continaued American bombing ofIndochina. So long as the US government persistsin vavging this brutal wuar the following members ofthe MiT commurnity in addition to those 175communt7ity raerhr' s rsed in The Tech May2)pledge to contribute funds to Medical Aid forIndochina as a damonstration of solidarity with thevictims of American volence.

Mounted Famous Artist Exhibit Posters 20 x 30Klee, Toulouse-Lautrec, Miro, Chagall, Calder,Picasso 8~ others reg. 2.50 . .. . . . . . .Mounlted Oriental Panels 18 x 35 reg. 3.95 ..Prin ts & Posters - odd lot mark downsValues $1 to $3 ....- ..............Children's Perpetual Calendars: Russian,French or Spanish . .............. ...Fine Art Wooden Blocks reg. 4.50 .......

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§ AD-HOC MEDICAL A3ID COMMITTEEW. Watsn. PresientE. Signer,, Seretry

] MIT, 14N-324tCambridges (m02139

I enclose a contribution to I pledge to con-Br E help the on-carnps Ad-Hoe tribute funds to

Medial Aid omr.aefite to Medical Aid for11 continue its work. Indochina

[ ]- mPe add m2 y a9.e to the list of| Con tributing MIT Cormmunity members

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Famous Maker Men's Panrs in the Beam ShopReg. 8.00Q to 13.00; Specially priced at

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campus committee are forwarded directly toMEDICAL AEID FOR INDOCHINA, INC.; a

i small fraction is remlined to enable anrnounce-went such as this one to'be nade.MIT fas8gy Van

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TEE TECH FRIDAY MAY 12 1_972 PAGE 3

students, who escaped harm.The police were apparently try-in to use terror tactic to keepstudents in the houses; one hel-mneted tac cop entered Bakerlobby at °:05, shook his club atthe 75 people gathered there andsid, "Next one outside getstlis."

Police were also seen attempt-ing to enter erxley Hall andMcCormick- When frustrated byloked doors at the latter, theygassed the vestibule. At Phi BetaEpsilon, where seversa peoplehad taken refuge from thesweep, >poice unsuccessfully at-tempted to break down the doorand arrested one straggler whohad been locked out.

But the campus was relativelyque t by 8:30. Poice moved offand no one returned to buildbarricades across Mass. Ave.Militant protestos convened inConner Hall to plan awotherdemonstration tomorrow whichmay include blocking of theDraper Labs, or blocking oroccupation of an MIT office.

Vice-President Johns Wynneheld a press conferenRce at 9:30pr. HEe estiated damage atMIT at about $ 5000, mnostly inbroken windows. (Virtually allthe window in the Hydro-dynamics Lab, Building 44, weresmashed). The action, he noted,had taken the administrationsomnewhat by surprise, thoughthey had been alerted to a marchfrom the JFK building shortlyater 4 prm. While reiterating thatthe administration had not in-vited the police on campus,Wynne ais said that they hadnot urged them to keep off. Helaid blame for the action on "a-tough, mean militant group" andsaid the police could not haveengaged them on the street andgiven them sanctuar on thec~MPUS

(Continued from page 1)tedl - witholut success - to closeoff the Student Center as well.

Albout 6:10 a squad of 23tactial police began mlarchingdown Mass Ave frorn Vassar$treet. Most of the crowd scat-tered; some moved to the stepsof 77 Mass Ave and the restheaded for Kresge Plaza. Then,for some reason, the police mov-ed back and the demonstratorsreturned to the street. Thepolice opened up with a tear gasbarrage and pushed the body ofpeople back into Kresge Plaza.

Having opened Mass Ave, thepolice moved off. But the crowdsurged from Kresge Plaza andrebuilt the barricade. This timnethe police mioved to push thedemonstrators out of KresgePlza and back across the WestCampus. About 40 policementook- part in the action.

Many incidents of excessivefoerce were reported. A group ofpeople trapped on the StudentCenter porch by locked doorswere gassed and beaten withclubs and gas-gun butts as policemoved them down the steps. Atear gas canister was aimed atspectators on the McCormickPenthouse. Gas grenades werelobbed into Kresge, and whenthe band attempted to leave, thepolice told them to get backinsde_ They escaped through therear exit.

The worst violence took placebehind Baker House as the po-lice dispersed people into thedormitories and across BiggsField. At one point a patrol caron Amherst Alley srerved sharp-ly in an attempt to hit severals

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Photos by Sheldon Lowenthal

PAGE 4 FRIDAY, MAY 12, 1972 TlE TECH

Continuous News Service

Since 1881VOL. XCII, _NVO. 25 May 12, 1 9 72

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Four days ago, in calm and measured terms, Richard NL-on announced tothe American people his decision to esc~ate the war in Indochina- In spite ofthe explicitly acknowledged, fact that malay Americans would prefer"immediate withdrawal," Nixon, as the Cormmander-in-Chief of-this country'sarmed forces, chose to commidt, as he has done so many times before, whatamounts to an act of 'war, an act that -wvill result not only in continueddestruction in North Vietnam- but also runs the risk of spreading the conflict.,Nixon, the self-proclaimed peace-maker, has chosen to take yet another stepin what seems to be our inexorable march towards the destruction ofIndochina and America itself.

In his Monday night speech, Nixon revealed that he values the imperialhonor of the United States and the majesty of presidential power over thewill of the people he has been elected -to serve. Untif now, it has alwaysseemed possible that an end to the war might be in sight, that the nation'sexecutive officer and Commander-in-Chief might be responsible to someone,perhaps Congress. That time is past- Acting from the august loneliness of hisoffice, Richard M. Nixon has chosen to become an American emperor.

Three weeks ago, The Tech made a decision not to support a movementfor a student strike. Subsequent events, we feel, justified that decision. Westill believe -that the mere cessation of academic work will get us nowhere.

-However, in the light of Nixon's most recent actions. we feel that the citroensof this country cannot sit idly by. The process of electoral politics may. betoo slow - we-cannot wait untfi November in the hopes of booting Nixon outof office. We believe that a more immediate response is called for.

This must not be, as some said it was two years ago, simply a week or so ofactivity in the spring sun. We believe that the primary hope for an immediateend to American involvement in the war is direct Congressional action. Weendors activities - canvassing, lobbying, letter-writing, telegramming-- that.will put pressure on Congress to end American killing hiriVietnam. We endorsethe efforts of members of the MIT community to set up a nationalorganization to Work for 'an end to the war and we support efforts to build a,nationwide strike. Finally, we affimi bur support of those who, tormented bytheir consciences, as we are, a nd disgusted by the repeated refusal of ourgovernment to face the facts in Vietnam, feel they cannot continue businessas usual.

It has been over a year since The Te&ch has published an editorial. Duringthat period, 'we have consciously limited our commentary to signed columnsby individual writers. However, the magnitude of the issue we face is so great[hat we have chosen'to express our joint concern over the war. We, theundersigned members of the Board of Directors of The Tech, call on ourreaders to take deffmitive constructive action against the war as dictated bytheir consciences.

Bradley BflletdeauxSandira CohenRobert Elkin

Midchael FiertagLee Giguere

Robert L. HunterStorm R- Kauffman

Joe KashiTimothy C. Kiorpes

Alex MakowskiWalter T. Middlebrook

John MillerWilliam RobertsNorman Sandler

David SearlsBruce Schwartz

David TenenbaumBruce M. Weinbergg

marion of both the North Vietnamesecapability for sustained fighting in theSouth at the current level of hostilitiesand the ability of the Soviet Union tofimpose a siettlement on its chient state.Given that these serious mistakes inestimating enemy intentions and capabili-ties hamve been made, one must wonder ifthe same incorrect assessment will notalso be made at a later stage in this crisis.

it is -possible that prior to Mondayevening the President reached an agree-ment with the Russians and Chinese·concerning their response to his actions.From Dr. .Kissinger's remarks atTuesday's press conference, the prob-ability of such an agreement having, infact, been concluded does not seem high.Dr. Kissinger and the President haveindicated that in their view they werebetrayed by the Soviet Union when Mr.Brezhnev urged them to return to theP~aris talks at whfich the North Vietnamesewere unresponsive.

The President has also incorrectlyassessed the Soviet ability to enforce asettlement on their client state. Clearly,the Russians are capable of halting futurearms shipments to the North Vietnames'e;just as clearly they are incapable ofretrieving those supplies once they havebeen given to the North Vietnamese anddispemsed throughout the war zone. If theNorth Vietnamese eventually run out of-supplfies they could fade back into thewoodwork for a number of years andreturn at some future date. If~they wereforced into such an action, it is extremelyunlikely that they would be wfiling toal1ow the Russians the use of CamranhBay -which is perhaps one of the bestdeep-water year-round ports in the area.

i~f the President has, in fact, concludeda secret agreement with the Russiansan d/or the Chinese whereby they woulddo no more than verbalize t~heir supportof the NortJA Vietnamese, several crucialquestions arise. First, what concession didthe President grant in. return for such anacquie.scence? WM the eventual cost of

this concession, which may not becomeapparerit for several years, be worth thepotential benefits tO be derived from 'asuccessful, from the President's vantagepoint, end to the current crisis? Does thePresident have the Constitutionalauthority to enter into what amounts to atreat.y on a very important issue withoutthe advice and consent of the Senate? Theanswers to the above questions will come,if at all, at some future time.

This much is clear. A President of theUnited States has again escalated theVietnam War against the advice of hischief civilian ad*'isors and is once moreaskiang the American people to believethat he has chosen the right course - acourse which will bring an end toAmerican involvement in the VietnamWar_ The latest escalation is perhaps morefraught with peril, in terms of precip-itating a dreffct confrontation with theS~oviet Union, than any,action which hasbeen taken in the course of this longconflict. Short of a highly urlikely andunpredecented Congressional action, theAmerican people have no alternative butto hope that the danger inherent in theextant crisis will not be compounded byanother miscalculation on the part of thisnation's leaders.-

'_ Robert Elkin '73, ChairmanaLee Giguere '73, Editor-in-chier

John Miller '74, Businewe ManagerSanraCohn 73, agM Eifto

Seeond-iclass -pstage paid at Boston,'Masqsachusetts. The Te-cl is published twicea week during the college year, exceptduring college vacations, and once duringthe first .w.eek -in August. by T/~e Tech,Roo0m W20-483, MIT~, Student Cente~r, 84Massachuseetts Avenue. Cambridge, Massa-chinsetis 02139. Telephone: {'617} 864-6900ext. 27 31. or. I 541.

©copyright, 1972, By Peter PeekarskyIn the face of strenuous objections al

Mortday's National Security CouncilPresident Nixon ordered the mining olNorth Viethere's' harbors and the interdiction of all supplies destined for Nort]Vietnam.

According to informed, highly reliablesources with entree to the highest levelof the Executive Branch, there wasasharp disagreement at Monday's NationalSecurity Council session. The meetin~was attended by the following statuto*merebers: the President, Vice-PresideniSpiro T. Agnew, Secretary of Defense.L2ird, Secretary of State William P.Rogers, and Director of the Office olEmergency Preparedness George A.Lincoln. Others in attendance were Trea-sury Secretary John B. Connally, Central11ntelligence Agency Director RichardHelms, Admiral Moorer, Dr. Henry A.KissingerL his deputy Major GeneralAlexander M. Haig, Jr., and presidentialpress secretary Ronald L. Ziegler.

It appears that the President made hisdecision over the weekend and merelyannounced his' choice of options to theassembled group. Since the NSC session,the Administration has presented a unitedfront as is to be expected.

But on'the basis of information fromwell-placed sources and past media re-ports, it can be informatively stated thatfor varying reasons the President's action.swere opposed, at the very least, by CIADirector Helms, Admiral MoorerL Secre-tary Laird, and Dr. Kissinger. It is reliablyreported that Admiral Moorot forcefullyargued- for stronger military action on the'grounds that the actions which the Presi-dent announced would be militarily in-e.f fe ctive.

Dr. Kissinger was not in favor of theApril 15-16 bombing -raids on the Hanoiand Haiphong area and it appears that hewas also opposed to the mining of NorthVietnam's waters. On the basis of curreinand past information emanating from theCIA, it seems clear that the decision wasalso opposed by CIA Director Helms. Inview of Defense Secretary Laird's knowncfcv4zh stance and Ys sb-"~"--'n Iremnarks,it would also appear that he was Opposedto the. President's decision.

Kissinger, Helms, and Laird apparen~tlyopposed the President's decision on thegrounds that it would not significantlyaffect the miltary situation in the Southfor a long tiree, that it would be im-possible totally to halt the flow of sup-plies into North Vietnam should thelogistics pipeline be switched to a landroute, and that the President's actionsentailed the risk of a grave confrontationwith the Soviet Union.

-Since these men are all team players, it.is unfikely that they would resign onprinciple (that act being a lost and in-effective art in Washington) or make theirdisagreement with Mr. Nixon public.

The impression which emerges fromthe above is that of a President deter-mining a course of action on his own andpursuing that coumse in the face of sub-stantial objections as to the venture'shnhevent risk from his chief civilian advi-sors and the considered advice of thenation's ranking military officer that theactions were too weak to be militarily,efffective.

It is precisely that observation which-most concerns this correspondent. ThePresident has chosen to increase thestakes in the game by escalating the,current conflict from a battl.e betweenthe United States and North Vietnam, asuperpower and a 'third-rate military-power, to a confrontation between theUnitedl States and the Union of SovietSocialisst Republics, the world's two nu-clear superpowers. If a superpower, onceit has confronted another superpower,backs down from the confrontation, itloses its superpower status. Presumably,the USSR wishes to maintain its' newlyc~airned superpower status and thus wilRbe forced to either sidestep the issue or tomake a substantive response to the Pre-sident's action.

The Russians may reach the can-c~usion that the North Vietnamese havesufficient supplies in place in the Southto continue the offensive and thus theycould refrain from any immediate actionin response to the de facto blockade. TheCommunist objective is the capture of'South Vietnam, not the slApping of sup-plfies to the North except insofar as thelalter contributes to the former.

If the South Vietnamese military situ-

at~ion continues to deteriorate, the ballLt would be back in the President's court

1, without any additional overt -action by)f the Soviet Union's leaders. The spectre

r- thus arisres of the President of the Unitedh States being approached, as he walks

down the airplane ramp at the Moscow.e airport, by an aide carrying the red phoneis over which the President is informed thata Hue has fallen. Such -a scene might

'1logically be expected to decrease respectfor the Executive Office of the President

Y and the honor of the United States of[t America. This is not to say that such ae situation will develop, but only to point

out that if current trends continue, theof responsibility for cancelling or post-

porting the Moscow summit meeting willI-be the President's and -not that of the

lI- First Secretary of the Communist Paretyd of the Soviet Union. Modem communica-L tions capabilities notwithstanding it is

fl highly unlikely that the President wfi bed able to keep his appointment on May 22

if the extant crisis continues at its presents level of intensity.y Comparisons, some trenchant and

e~others kirrlevant, have been made be-tween this confrontation and the Cuban

I Missile Crisis of 1962. The prime sinffla-rity is that the United States has anoverwhelming tactical military advantage

-in the area of dixect confrontation.tThe essential difference between this

s crisis and the 1962 confrontation is thatk now there is no substantive militar issue-affecting the national security of either

the US or the USSR at stake. In 1962,the Russians attempted to make an orderof magnitude change in the strategic

-nuclear balance between our two court--. tries. If their ploy had succeeded, the

number of Soviet- ballistic missiles with~inrange of the continen-ta US could con-

iceivably have increased from several tensto several hundreds.

71 In 1972, the -security of the US heart-t land is not directly at stake. The physical

safety of our remaining ground troops ins South Vietinam. is not at stake, even

i though Mr. Nixon would have us believei other-wise since if the crunch came these,troops could be quic~Qy e-vacuated in aI massive air and sea-lift (which is not to

say that this writer would like to see thisr pro~speor become a reality).

This tim a rud, political factors liker respect, honor, and the President's self-

I image are the issue. _ It1- is rather beside the point to

_observe that the 60,000 remaining Ameri-~.cans could have long since been home had

the President adopted a different strategyin 1969. The question is, what is to bedone in the current circumstances?

The answer to that question lies. ulti-tmately in the mind of one man. That man

is apparently driven by a conflict between_a desire to be a man of peace and a man-

of strength. He has evidently resolved theconflict by opting for a course of peacethrough strength. It is hard to predict

-what the President will do if he is backedinto a. corner by future developments.-Dr. Kissinger and Secretary Rogershave ruled out the use of nuclear weapons

-or the reintroducfion of American groundtroops into the Southeast Asia fighting.

~,Hopefully, the President is aware of thePandora's box which would be opened byusing nuclear weapons. In any case,immediate damage, roughly equivalent tothat which-could be caused by u-singnuclear weapons in the North could be

~,achieved by breaching the Red Rivertdikes.'The destruction of the dikes would

cause nmassive flooding and loss of life.Several years ago, if previous news

:accounts are to be believed, such anaction would have brought the Commu-hist Chinese volunteers in force into thewar in a combat role. It is not at all clearwhether the Chinese would committroops to battle after Nixon's Peking visita/ithough they might well consider dis-patching construction batta!ions to repairthe effects of the railroad 'mnterdictioncampaign as they did during the JohnsonAdministration. It seems likely that inorder to maintain the fiction of his,ending American involvement in the warthe President feels constrained not toreintroduce US ground troops. Heprobably would not hesitate, though, toemploy the 5000 Marines stationed inamphibious ships in the Gulf. of Tonkin ifthey should be needed to hold an enclavesuch as Danarig or Camranh Bay throughwhich the remaining ground troops couldbe quickly evacuated.

In this vein, there has been a misesti-

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THtE TECH FR!r, ~AY, MAY 12, 1972 PAGE5

to the problems of the world, an ap-proach, incidentally, which they have, mymother and my grandmother, more intheir character than I have, but which Icertainly have acquired from them to anextent; -this is something that I thinkaffected my whole attitude toward publicservice generally."

Mr. Nixkon concludes, "And, as I seethe responsibilities for the next Presi-dent .... his major role will be to attempt-to make a contribution toward building aworld peace, with freedom for all peo-ple-" I am prepared to believe Mr. Nixonwhen he says he has "an obsession on thispoint."

Denying AgressivenessAt this juncture, however, his other

"obsessions" swing into action. For ex-ample, a few weeks before the interviewwith Cronite, Mr. Nixon said, "I thinkthat we can keep our own freedom, and Ithink that we can win the struggle againstslavery and for freedom throughout theworld. .. " Characteristically, we have theuseful Nixon division into all good and allbad, slavery and freedom, aggressor andpeace-loving one-worlder. It is these op-posing tendencies in his person ality thatlead to confusion of thought anid oftenmurky speeches difficult for the public todecipher.

What compounds the problem at thispoint, moreover, is Mr. Nixon's compel-ling necessity to deny his aggressive andcombative feelings. Standing as we do onthe eve of his visit to Moscow in May, wemight recall with profit his earlier visit,and his kitchen debate with then PremierKhrushchev. Mr. Nixon's version of thediscussio n is given -in ~S book, SixCrkes. Knrushchev, he tells us, "doesnot need to be convinced of our goodintentions. He knows we are not aggres- -

sors and do not threaten the security ofthe Soviet Union`" Again, "It was mybeief[ that i~nrushche v knew that ourintentions were peaceful." The fact thatthe Russians might remember the Ameri-can intervention in the Russia n Civil War,the American willingness, in part, to haveGerman3 invade Russia and other matterswere al written off by Mr. Nixon asmerely an "act" on Khnushchev's part. Inthis denial of his own aggressive intent,and this refusal to recognize his oppo-nent's real fears, Mr. Nixon seems at onewith much of America's recent self-image.

While denying aggressive intent, Mr.Nixon could gloriy fighting aand the hardmasculine qualities that necessarily gowith it. Thus, he could compare Khrush-chev and Eisenhower in an interestingconjunctio n of adjectives: "Men like youand President Eisenhower," he toldKhruhchev, "are tough, reasonable menwho are not soft or frightened ... " Or,speaking in praise of the average Russian:"There was a steel-like quality, a colddetermination, a tough, areoral ruthless-ness which somehow had been instilledinto every one of them."' Mr. Nixonconstantly asked h~imself, "How did weTstack up against the kind of fanaticallydedicated men I had seen in the past tendays?" We can see how he wished toanswer this questio n for himself, as wellas for th e American people, in -the follow-ing comment about his career in NewYork after the 1962 defeat for governorof California:

"New York is very, cold and veryruthless and very exciatig, and therefore

an interesting place to live. It has manygreat disadvantages. The main thing, it isa place where you can't slow .down - afast track. Any person tends to vegetateunless he is moving on a fast track. NewYork is a very challenging place to live.You have to bone up to keep alive in thecompetition here."

Such a statemust be placed in thecontext of Mr. Nixon's parental models:the mother who did not wish him toenter the "warfare of politics," and thefather with "his fierce competitive drive."Is it any wonder that Richard Nixon has aproblem making a decision to fight, torelease his competitive drive, and that hefeels a letdown, as his account of hiscrises informs us after the semiforbidden.impulses have been unleashed? But havingindicated Mr. Nixon's ambivalence in thismatter, we must note that he did, indeed,gain strength from his difficulties. Likehis Russian foes, he learned to "steel"himself, and to rject the softer, debilita-ting, and feminine impulses titat threatenhim so fearfully - for the simple reasonthat they are so strongly contained withinhim. Out of "weakness," then, Mr. Nixoncan be said to have drawn "strength."

Peace by Warfareis such personal "st rength," however,

good for the cause of peace? Mvlr. Nixon,we must remember, like so many of hisgeneration, is a Cold War' warrior. Cogni-tively, he remembers that appeasementled to World War II. As he recalls tellingthe protesting students in his predawnvisit to the Linc oln M emorial after KentState, "I know it is awfully bard to keepthis in perspective. I told them that in1938 I thought Neville Chamberlain wasthe greatest man living and WinstonChurchill was a madman. It was not untilyears later that I realie- NevklleChamberlai n was a good man but WinstonChurchill was right."

The cognitive knowledge fits perfiec!ywith Mr. Nixon's personal feelings aboutbeing strong. As he told Cronikite, "Ithink the way - ... to have peace is to b$estrong and be prepared to resist thosewho threaten peace." It also fits with hisfierce conviction abou t competitiveness:Peace is something that must be "won."As he has said about the V ietnam war:"It is essential that we win the peace."For Richard Nixon the great danger isthat he and America will appear impo-tent, will go "soft," wi all allow themselvesto be "humiliated."

Thus'peace for Richard Nixon canonly be won by a kind of "warfare": Heand the United States must show itselfstrong. Since peace, however, is generallysecured through realistic compromnise, atleast where m ilit ary victory is absent, thecompulsive need to appear strong canoften hamper meaningful negotiations.Vietnam may here be a case in point.China, at least at the moment, appears toallow Mr. Nixon a balance between hrisambivalences, and tius a chance to assertthe pragmatic considerations of powerpolitics along with his peaceful desies. Isuspect, however, that the combative sideof Mr. Nixon, with its constant need foran enemy on whom to load his negativefeelings, has figured unduly in his atti-tudes toward India and Bangladesh, "'tilt-ing" him against them. Will he alsorequire the Soviet Union as such anopponent? Only time, and the results ofthe Moscow trip in May, will help us toanswer tids question.

By Bruce Mazliho1 972 The Washington Post/Newsday

{In the fbllowing artile, wlitten about amonth ago (based on- his recently pub-lished book: In Search of Nixon. APsychohistorical Inquiry), Professor ofHitsory. Bruce Mazlish attempts to discuss'from a non-partisan viewpoint some ofthe psychological factors tkat are behindthe actions of President Richard Nixon.-Editor)

Americans have long been searchingfor Richard Nixon, for a guiding purposebehind his apparent contradictions, forthe-man behind the policies. They areforever perplexed by his sudden turn-abouts - from Cold War warrior to thePeking summit, from free-market econo-mics to the wage-price freeze. Just as theythink they have hinm in their sights,Richard Nixon is off again on anotherspree of ambivalence.

There is, for some reason, a greatreluctance to accept the fact that acentral characteristic f th& man is ambi-valence itself. After all, aimbivalence -conflicting feelings toward an object oridea, love-hate impulses and the like - isa trait found in most .people; what isextraordinary is only the degree to whichit is present in the President. To und6r-stand Richard Nixon, them, one mustlook to the sources of Iris particularambivalences, to I1is childhood andyouth, .and especially to his parents.There, in a manner to gladden the heartof any Freudian analyst, can be found theorigins of an unusually mixed combativeand peaceful nature.

Favoring "Strong Men"Nixon's mother was a Quaker, devoted

to peace. His father was a "Bible-pounding" Methodist, temnporari ly con-verted to Quakerism at the time of hismar/Sage but rzlapsina lafer, rz-nd talhgyoung Richard with him. Overlooked byalmost all commentators is the fact thatthe day after Richard entered highschool, his father took him and his twobrothers to Los Angeles to attend therevival meetings conducted by Chicagoevangelist Paul Rader. As Mr. Nixon tellsit in Billy Graham's magazine, Decision:"We joined hundreds of others that nightin making our personal commitments toChrist and Christian service."

The father, Frank Nixon, was alsonotorious for his temper and irritability.And to complicate matters further, it wasthe pea ceful mother who seemed"strong," and the competitive fatherwho, because of his lack of success,especially financial success, seemed"weak." It is little wonder that Richardbecame unusually ambivalent_

By the time he was 12, Richard haddecided to follow the inspiration of hisfather, who loved to argue and debate. Hewould become a "lawyer who couldn't bebought." -Frorm this decision, it was onlya short step to entering, as Mr. Nixonhimself put it, the "warfare of politics."It was a step that greatly saddened hismother, though his volunteering for theNavy in World War. II, contrary to Quakerprinciples, had already prepared her forthe blow and for his future vocation.

The rest of the background 'is familiarto anyone who has followed Mr. Nixon'scareer to the presidency. The competi-tive, fighting "Tricky Dicky," enamored

of "strength" and "strong men," is aperson we know well.

This is the Nixon who speaks- withcontempt of the wreak, self-indulgent stu-dents -- those "bums" - and contraststhem with the brave soldiers who "stand'tall" in Vietnam. This is the Nixon whowants as advisers "people that are strong,people who aren't panicking -... some-body who brings serenity, calmness orstrength into the room"' a Jotto NewtonMitchell, who is "strong," seemingly im-perturbable, free of doubts, advocating a.,get tough" policy; a Spiko Agnew,picked, it seems, partly because he im-pressed Mr. Nixon at first sikhat as some-body who was sure of himaself, who waswithout weakness, who's "got it"; and aJohn Connally, the latest addition to thePresident's circle of "strong men."'(Though Mr. Nixon does not mention it,he appears also to nee~d "weaker" men,such as his friend Robert Finch; in fact,Mr. Nixon's view of his Cabinet, with therecent exception of Connally, seems notto allow for "strong" men there. Suchbalancing of strong and weak correspondswith Mr. Nixon's own ambivalence-) Inshort, this is the Richard Nixon who;desperately afraid that the United Stateswill appear "a pitiful, helpless giant,"drops bombs on Vietnam and strikes boldwarlike postures.

An "Obsession" With PeaceLess known, however, is the Nixon

who has an "obsession" with peace, touse his own word. His identification withhids mother in this matter, though not asobvious, isq as strong as with his father'spugnacity. My speculation is that it leaveshim with a bad conscience about hisaggressiveness. But more to our pointhere, it also endows him~ with a sincerededication to bitemoational peace.

From his entrance into politics as acongressman representing an isolationistdistrict, Mr. Nixon surprisingly showedhimself an internationalist" in orientation..Thus, he worked on the Herter Commit-tee, whose report led 'to the MarshallPlan, and comsidered this the most impor-tant service of his congressiomal career. in1940, he supported Wendell Willke; as helater labeled himself, he was a "whole-worlder."

In the 1940s and '50s, of course,internationalism was connected for manyAmericans with anti-Communism, e.g.,the Marshall Plan was to save WesternEurope from the Communists. It is thisfact that has tended to obscure Mr.Nixon's sincere commitment to peace. Ibelieve we catch the true flavor of hisfeelings on the matter in an unusuallycandid statement he made to WalterCronkite-in 1960.

"Well, my major interest ever since Icame to Washington, 'and long before.that, has been ina the field of foreignpolicy and of foreign affairs,..-. Thereason that to me the overriding issue ofour times is foreign affairs, is where itcomes right out of my whole background.I indicated, for example, that my motheris a Quaker, she is a very good one. I amnot as good. But, from the time that I canremember, I know that she and mygrandmother, her mother who lived to be93, used to talk about their 'concern,'which is a Quaker way of expressing it,for building a better life not only forpeople in thfis country but for peopleeverywhere. This humanitarian approach

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L;- a~Cycling

A total of eighteen racerscompeted in the IM cycling raceheld last Sunday. The top four(and only) finishers were: 1)'Peter Bras, MIT Outing Club, 2hr 29 min 58 sec; 2) DavidZimmerman, PKA, 3:26:04; 3)Richard Palm, Baker House,4:30:26; and 4) James Clark,BSU, 4:37:40.

Fourteen racers entered Adivision, representing four teamsand two individuals. B divisionincluded four competitors. Onlyfour people finished the race due

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to the disappearance of a and easily capture the teamnumber of directional signs. trophy.

The iM council has decided BSU took second with' 49to institute cycling as a regular points, including a 1-2-3 sweepfall sport starting next year. in the 100 yd. dash. Al Carson

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Dr. Carola B. Eisenberg hasbeen selected to succeed J.Daniel Nyhart as Dean for Stu-dent Affairs, effective July 1,1972. Nyha-rt will undertakenew responsibilities as SpecialAssistant to the Chancellor forlaw-related studies and prepro-fessional non-curricular pro-grams.

The advance announcementby President Jerome B. Weisneryesterday morning to selectedstudent government membersand the campus media repre-sented the first in a series ofchanges over the next fewmonths in the administration ofstudent affairs. The move isaimed at "strengthening student-related programs and supportservices and unifying the admini-stration of these activities underthe office of the Chancellor."

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CONGRESSMAN

RON ::D :',S,The Universatiy's Responsibilityto thle Communityand other issues

May 12, 3:30, in KresgeSponsored by MIT Urbanaction

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Nyhart, Dean since 1969, willcover two related areas.' First, hewill serve as coordinator for in-vestigating the scope and natureof law-related courses and pro-moting the development of newprograms. Second, he will serveas Special Assistant to the Chan-cellor for pre-professional non-curricular programs in the fieldsof law, public administration,education, and medicine.

The reason for the new postis to some extent a response tothe suggestions and recommen-dations of a task force on pre-law preparation and legal studiesappointed by the Provost lastfall.

In his new capacity, Nyhartwill work closely with the Officeof the Provost and, in particular,with Assistant to the ProvostLouis Menand III, who has pro-vided guidance and support for a

Campum aetion o noutsas acu ty . aces is ues

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THE.TECH FRIDAY. MAY 12. 1972 PAGE 7

wide range of student interests.Nyhart will also be a member ofthe Committee on Preprofession-al Advising and Education andwill have administrative res,)onsi-bility for the office which sup-ports that committee.

Eisenberg has been a memberof the Medical Departmentpsychiatric staff since 1 968. Sheearned her M.D. degree from theUniversity of Buenos Aires, Ar-gentina, and took her specialtytraining in psychiatry at the Uni-veisity of Maryland and theJohns Hopkins hospitals. Sheca me to MIT from JohnsHopkins University where shewas an Assistant Professor ofPsychiatry and Pediatrics in theSchool of Medicine. Since 1969,Eisenberg has been a Lecturer inPsychiatry at the Harvard Mledi-cal School and Consultant inPsychiatry at Mass. General.

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(Continued from page I1from Indochina." The group de-cided to focus their actions onorganizing a rally Friday atnoon, and on informing thecommunity of all the on-goingactivities in which they may takepart.

'At noon on Thursday, acaucus of faculty and employeeswas held in the Student Center.They reaffirmed the resolutionof the Strike Steering Cormmit-tee, stated above. They also or-ganized groups to canvas facultymembers preceeding today'sfaculty meeting. Tley will haveanother meeting today at noonin the Student Center WestLounge. Suggestions are wel-come, and all faculty and staffare invited to attend. A meetingof employees and staff will beheld at 5 pm today in theStudent Center's East Lounge,and there will be a big rally inifront of the Student Center to-day at noon. Yesterday morn-ing, at least seven MIT studentswere arrested in front of theJFK Building. They were re-leased with no bail, with theirhearings to be held next week.

Several Departments heldmeetings yesterday afternoon.Some 200 faculty and studentsof the Biology Departmentpassed a resolution calling forthe Biology Department Head,Dr. Boris Magasanik, to submit aproposal in today's faculty meet-ing requesting that all studentswho wish to be excused from all

further scheduled academic ob-ligations, as of May I I, includingclasses, quizzes,, papers, andfinal exams; that these studentsbe given the option of receivingeither a pass/fail or a lettergrade, to be based on work sofar completed; that the teaciingfaculty make arrangements toimplement the use of relief timeto permit employees to partici-pate in actions they believe ap-propriate to the national emer-gency; that no penalties be im-posed on employees for parti-cipation in peace actions. Theyare also sending around a tele-gram for signatures to be sent toNixon.

The Psychology Departmentmet yesterday, and nearly un-animously passed a resolutioncalling for students and em-ployees to be freed to take partin political activity, with a fundfor compensation of salary lossto be set up for employees.

They also passed a statementin support of a strike, and op-posing MIT's complicity in thewar, and are also sending a tele-gram to Nixon.

A faculty meeting will beheld today at 3:15 pm in10-250. Three resolutions, atleast, drawn up by Fredkin andhis colleagues, and those passedby the Biology Department, willbe considered, concerning the"strike action" voted by the1200 in Kresge, and the freeingof students and employees fromtheir obligations.

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PAGE 8 FRIDAY, MAY 12, 1972 THETECH

By i KsedouThe MIT Rugtby Ciub mde

its best showing ever -in theH a rvard Business School"Seven-a-Side" Tournamient lastweekend, taking second place tohost HBS in the finalE game_MIT's previous best effort was athird place finish three yearsago.

The four matchest Tech wonto reach the finals ran the gamutfrom an out-and-out romp to anail-biting squeaker in thesemi-Fimals.

The romp came in the firstmatch, which saw MIT downSpringfield 23-0. Unfortunately,Tech lost the seices of kickingace and fly-half R. Simmonds,who suffered a severecharley-horse.

Wayne Book shifted-back tofll SiNmonds' spot and- P.Bailey took Book's spot in thescruml for the remainder of thegames.

The next two gannes wereuneventful, as Tech reached thesemi-final by eliminatingWestchester and Mystic RFCbehind the strong forward playof Bafley and T. Cerne aed D.Clem.

The se mi-final matchprovided the most exciting playof the day as MlIT met a

formidable and highly seeded. New York R1FC side.

Both sides-played flat outthrough regulation play, and theTeah back line of S. Gallant,Book, D. Arkin and "Cuddles"Flanagan got twelve points tomatch the NY. effort.

Then the nail biting began. Intournaments, ties must beplayed off, and both sidessettled down to a five minuteovertime period. Despite thelusty cheers of Tech reserve R.Prinn, neither side managed toscore, and the OT ended withthe score still knotted at 12-all.

The second overtime wassudden-death. Captain Bookwon the toss and gave MIT thewind advantage. Threateningfrom the sudden-death kickoff,Tech won when dependableArkin escaped for a try to finallyend the match -a scant 30minutes before the final matchstarted.

The exhausted Engineer sidefaced a "B" School side whichhad shut out their every

-opponent in reaching the finals.

S tlatsHollUanad is "very worried," asNU, Brown and MIT has beenwithin 1.5 seconds of each otherduring the reguLlar season.

The light varsity will have arace on their hands trying to getinto the grands. Seeded 7th,they'll have to beat Dartmouthin their heat to qualify. Also inthe heat are Princeto.n,Columbia, Yale andGeorgetown. Coach Jack Fraeileywas confident that his eightwould beat the Green earlier inthe week until sickness struckfive men in the boat, includingthe stroke.

The frosh lightweights shouldhave no trouble in their heatand, if they row a good fmral,will definitely improve upontheir fourth place prediction.

The IV lights are anotherboat that could improve fromtheir 7th seeded position andinto the grand final. They'll haveto defeat Rutgers in the morningrow.

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As a sleeper prospect theBaron's glove has started tocome around this year. Willgo down in the MIT recordbooks as half of thatimmortal battery Big Al andwhatshisname.

Scoutintg report: likes to slide,good speed, ,talks a goodgame, scarfs up the low ball,master of the cliche baseballphrase, spiritual leader ofBenchies everywhere.

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Often in this excitingly fastversion of rugby, a hard matchearly in the day decides the fmalmatch. Certanlg, B"5 Schoolevere the freshe) side, havingwon thek berth in the finalbefore Tech started its marathonwith NY.

In any event, "B" Schoolproved too mruch for Tech,scoring once .on a try up themiddle, and once with a penaltygoal while blanking MIT, 9-0.

This weekend, Tech tries itshand . in the New j EnglandTounmament for full sides, heldat UMass In Amherst. Last year,MIT was eliminated in thequarter-finals, and the precedingyear in the semis. Hopes are highthan an even better showing willbe had this year.

T erh crws seede6th, amth at

By Brad Billetdeaux5 e e d i ngs a n d heat

assignments were released earlierthis week to MIT's crews for theEastern Sprints to be rowedt o m o r r o w os 1 Lak eQu i nsigamond in Worcester,Mass. For the first time since1965, every one of the Techeights has been predicted tofinish in either the petite orgrand finals.

The Eastern Association ofRowing Colleges usually holdsits Eastern Sprin tChampionships to crown aregular season of intercollegiaterowing. The winner of thelightweight varsity final usuallygoes to the Henley RoyalRegatta in England, one ofEurope's most prestigiousFegattas.

The Sprints are conducted intwo parts, morning heats andafternoon finals. 'The heats arearranged by seed, and a crew hasto finish in either of the top twoor three positions to qualify forthe finals. The first six qualifiersrow in the grand finals, while thesecond six compete in the petite,or consolation, finals. All othersare elimninated.

Biggest news for MIT is in theheavyweight side of the events,where last year all threeEngineer boats, fresh, JV andvarsity, were elimanated, i.e.finished worse than twelfth.Tech's improvement has beenled by the varsity, seeded sixth.The frosh have been seededninth, and the JV is starting outin the 121h place. -

MIT's heavy varsity has reallymoved up in the world, as theyhave been picked behindtop-ranked Harvard, Navy (lastyea rs Sprints winner),Nosrtheastern, Penn, and Cornell(last year's IRA victor). Directlybelow MIT are powerhousesBrowrn and Wisconsin. The Techbig boat will be facingNortheastern and Brown, besidesColumbia and Rutfgers, in theirqualifying heat. Coach -Pete

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VOLUME 92, NUMBER 25¼/2 MONDAY, MAY 15, 1972 MIT, CAMBRIDGE, M ASSACHU SETTS FREE

By Storm KauffmanThe faculty, at last Friday's

special meeting, voted to pursuea policy of flexibility in dealingwith the completion of requiredwork: by those studentcs who areactively participating in the op-position to the Vietnam war.

Two other motions were alsopassed. Onee supported thoseMIT employees who decide touse their leave time to aid in tilepresent anti-war efforts. Theother pledged individual memn-bers of the faculty to work tobring an end to the war.

The three proposed motionssent to the faculty with the callfor the meeting differed some-what from what was ,actuallymoved on the floor, and eachresolution was passed after beingamenrded to read less strongly.

The meeting was held inKresge Auditorium, and at itspeak the attendance was prob-ably about 400 faculty and 600spectators. The spectators werelargely students who 'had begunto line up at the doors at leasthalf an, hour before the sched-uled starting time.

PreliminariesP1resident Jerome Wiesner,

presiding over the meeting, de-layed the start noting that thechange of location back toKresge and the presence of someofficials at the Building 20 sit-inwould delay the arrival of a few.

Someone jumped up at thispoint and shouted over a loud-speaker that the students shouldgo over to support those oc-cupyring the ROTC area who hadbeeon told they were going to bearrested in five minutes. Therewas no response.

Wiesner noted that the situa-tiorn in Building 20 was not clearto him. According to his infor-mation some 50 to 100 wereoccupying the hall with a num-ber of faculty and administratorstrying to talk to them. Sugges-tions from the protesters thatthe officials leave had be6n ig-nored.

John Wynne, Vice Presidentof Administration and Per-sonnel, was called to the podlureto report on the situation. Heannounced that as far as lieknew, a trespass notice had justbeen read to the students andthat no other action was plannedfor the moment.

'Wiesner noted that thoughthe meeting had been called forother purposes, it would bewrong not to briefly considerthe incidents of the previousevening. He said that Tihe Techreport of May 12 was "succinctand accurate" as far as he couldtell. The whole event was anunfortunate example of' "vio-lence breeding violence" and

that "it needn't have gone tfieway it did." Wiesner continued"MIT had no part in any of thedecisions; the Cambridge Policewere acting on their own." liesaid that he had tried to per-suade the police to minimizetheir use of gas but the policehad felt that they "were underattack." Wiesner pointed outthat MIT had only been- tryingto protect its academic facilitiesaild that an apology was owed tothe residents of West Camnpus,especially the girls in Mc-Cormnick.

The faculty meeting beganofficially at about 3:45. A reso-lution fronm the residents ofMcCormick was read to themeeting. It protested the "unius-tified trespass of the CambridgePolice on McCormick property"and the gassing, asking the ad-ministration to make it clear tothe police that such actionwould not be tolerated in thefuture.

Flexibility for studentsInstitute Professor of Biology

Salvador Luria moved the firstresolution, which offered stu-dents a choice of a letter gradeor a pass/fail grade, and gaveinstructors the option of basingthat grade on work completed asof May II, 1972, or work to beturned in by October 22, 1972.

He noted that a disadvantage ofpermitting students 'Lo finishearly was a tendency to dispersethe community. He did favor thefact that the motion preservedthe academic process in whichthe passing of a subject is amatter between the student'andhis instructor. The resolutionwas seconded with the note thatso many were involved thatpiecemeal action was imprac-tical.

Professor Boris Magasanick,

Head of the Department of Biol-ogy, pointed out that the CEPsuggestions of two weeks pre-vious did not meet the presentsituation. Also, a biology em-ployee-student meeting of about270 expressed strong support forthis motion and the one con-cerning employees.

Professor' of Mathematics,Hartley Rogers, Chairman of theFaculty and the CEP, gave thefeelings of the CEP on the reso-lution. He pointed out that themotion differed slightly fromthat sent out previously,. He saidthat The Tech study made byNorm- Sandler, Robert Hunter,and David Tenenbaurn of thenegative reactions of Congress toacademic strikes had been aninfluencing- factor in the CEP'sdiscussion.

Rogers said that the mainquestion was "how will the timethat the students gain be put touse?" The CEP supports those ofthe MIT community who takeconstructive action, but it feelsthat an early end to the termwould not be conducive tostrengthening the bonds betweenmembers of the community inthe cause of peace. He, likeLuria, feared a drifting away.Rogers concluded that the CEPagreed with all of the motionbut the use of pass/fail for non-Freshmen.

Associate Professor of Mke-chanical Engineering, Ernest Cra-valho, Chairman of the Comn-m1-ittee on Academic Perfor-mance, conslidered the ramifica-tions of the use of pass/fail. Hewished to discourage its use as itcould mean that seniors wouldhave had pass/fail for half oftheir college education. He alsofelt that the motion would tendto degrade the use of pass/fail

(Please ntrn to back- page)

By Norman Sandierand Drew Jaglorn

Approximately 65 personsleft the offices of the MITROTC program Saturday afteroccupying five of the offices forover twenty-one hours.

The occupation began Fridayafternoon following a rally onKresge Plaza of over 400 personsfrom which a line of protestersfilled the hall outside the officeof MIT President Jerome Wies-ner, to present a list of demandsto the administration calling forends to the war, MIT complicity,and all1 war research.

While many people were stillat Wiesner's office, entrance by agroup of demonstrators to theoffice of Vice-President for Busi-ness and Fiscal Relations PaulCusick was prevented by MITadministrators who scuffled fora short time with those present.

Approximately two to threehundred protesters then march-ed on Building 20, headquartersof MIT ROTC, where doors werelocked and guarded by MIT po-lice.

Two demonstrators who hadentered the building through aside entrance camie up behindthe campus patrolman at thedoor to 'the E wing and after abrief scuffle managed to openthe door. As the first demonstra-tors came in one patrolman drewhis gun. After mnoving back sev-eral demonstrators again cameforward and the patrohnan firedone shot, believed to be a blank,over the heads of the crowd. Bythis time Dean for Student Af-fairs J. Daniel Nyhiart, Campu~sPatrol Lieutenant Richard Dris-coll and several other administra-tors arrived to block the doorand remove the patrohnan whohad drawn his gull.

P~eople did gain access to the

building through a fire escape inanother wing, one or two doorson Vassar St. and the temporaryconnection from the construc-tion of the new EE building.There was a considerableamount of confusion as to wherethe target of the takeover waslocated. Finally about 100 per-sons occupied the corridor out-side the offices of Army, Navyand Air Force ROTC, on thesecond floor of the building.

For a time, the protesters satin the hall, while MIT adminis-trators blocked doorways to of-fices. As the afternoon pro-gressed, the group voted to"jostle". the administrators outof the area; later offices wereentered, and tables were broughtfrom the offices to be used asbarricades.

At 3:2 5, Vice-PresidentKenneth Wadleigh declaredthose in the occupied zone tres-passers, and warned that theywould be subject to both le-gal action and internal disci-plinary proceedings. The warn-ing was repeated periodicallyduring the occupation. Eachtime the MIT administratorsread the notice, the occupierswhistled and screamned in anattempt to m.ake the notice in-audible. (Later Saturday, -ad-ministration sources told TheTech t hat MIT would beginMonday to seek coinplaintsagainst those involved in theoccupatioT:.)

The protesters gained accessto an Army ROTC library atfirst, and then entered anotheradjoining office by climbing overa partition between the roorms.MIT administrators confirmed areport that entrance to the li-brary was gained by a key. Alater report to The Tech indi-

(Please turn to hack page)

The following anti-war activitiesare scheduled for today:Community Opinion Boothsstart operation - for collectionof anti-war mnessages to Con-gress. Workers needed. CallXI 984 (Strike Center).8 AM - MIT - Briefing forArmy to End the War (AEW)leafletters. Will be leaflettingarea colleges for 1 PM march.10 AM - MIT (10-270) -Meeting of Economic BoycottGroup.11 AM (local time) - Nation-wide - Eleventh Hour Election.

1) All Americans who opposethe war are asked to stand.

2) All citizens are to cast asymbolic vote by stepping out-side wherever they are and giving5 minutes for peace.

12 noon - NUT, second floorStudent Center.

1) Employee Caucus Meeting- to choose aniong specific ac-tions against the war.

2) AEW meeting to recruitpeople. Anyone interested is in-vited. Introduction to the AEW.1 PM - Statewide faculty rally.Meets at intersection of Com-monwealth and Arlington.March to statehouse then to JFKFederal Building.4 PM - Hanscom Field. Meetingat Curtis Hall at Tufts. To planweeklong demonstrations (Dri-vers needed).6 PM.- Party on Kresge Lawn.Guerilla Thzeatre.8 PM - MIT ,meeting to organizean immediate fast in sympathywith Princeton.

?telegrams, postcards, letters andi~:petjtion signatures to be sent to

{i{ogriess and President Nixon.I Ihe Masschusetts Associated

8,)oard of Rabbis is pl~annring to

M·jarch to thre JFK9 Federal Buiild-

?`Mg on Wednesday, May 17 andkiafter devoting shahaites (morn-

g service}, they plan to' sit;idown n an act of civil disobedi-

(once. They hope faculty, stu-

!dents and other Bostonians wfil,thiow reir support by joininug ·

An ad boc group of Harvardfauty, graduate students, and

pltaft pans to hold a war crimesrfibunal to tt7 Presidential Ad-~Lsor Henry Kissinger at Holyoke~eater at noon on Tuesday.

fhey P~lan to blockade Urnvet-.

scneclaue oI sta-war activitiesplannedf for later this week:

TuesdayNoon - Tribunal to try HenryKissinger, Holyoke Center, Har-vard.4:30 -March on AFL-CIOheadquarters by students, work-ers, and unemployed, (sponsoredby PL, Worke~'s Action Move-ment and SDS)

WednesdayNoon - Mass rally at StudentCenter steps. Plats to confrontadministration with demands atAdminihtration offices; sit-in inha[1s by offices.7 pm - Student Cen. ter meetingto dscuss Friday action

FridayMarch to one of the D-Labs

:m aca tyICes

Protesters entering Building 20 by the fire escape on the wing nextto the wing which houses the ROTC offices, as construction workerslook on. Photo by David Searls

65 I~a~ OaC;IT-I fe :prosecute

Cae i -s- e ,'ze

Approximately 3000 per-sons mached from the 'in an anti-war rally Saturday.I Boston Common nto the Charlestown Naval Yards Photo by Dave Tenenbaum

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PAGE2 MONDAY, MAY 15, 1972 THETECHP

the MIT faculty."Crout saw no point in the

motion pointing out that itwould certainly have no effecton himself. Another facultymember complained that thiswas going over old ground, andthat though he shared similarfeelings it was not appropriatefor an academic institution totake such a stand. A point ofinformation was offered that thefaculty had passed a similar reso-lutionin 1970.

Anthony French, Professorand Associate Head of Physics,asked that the motion be tabled.A majority vote was about to betaken, but it was noted that atwo-thirds vote would be neces-sary, since it is against parliamen-tary procedure to use a tablingmotion to cut off debate.Amidst much confusion, Frenchwithdrew his motion to allowten minutes discussion.

Robert Huisizer, Professor ofPhysics, claimed that the resolu-tion was too broad. It was anopen-ended commitment to un-known future actions. He pro-posed an amendment that de-leted the parts of the motionsupporting student activities andjoining in spirit with those of theKresge meeting of Wednesday.

Bell then called up6n EdwardFredkin, Director of ProjectMAC, to report the events at theKresge meeting which he hadchaired, in hopes of having Hul-sizer withdraw his amendment.Fredkin admitted that many ac-tivities were unassociated withhis Army to End the War whichwas a legal and peaceful group.It was pointed out that themotion could commit the fac-

ulty to an open-ended strike.Bell finally accepted Hulsizer'srestatement.

Professor of MathematicsWarren Ambrose offered anamendment to add the pre-viously mentioned clause againstpenalizing, the ROTC demon-stratorso Wiesner disallowed it as

,not relevant. Ambrose com-plained that the meeting wasabout anti-war activities so itcertainly was relevant.

When the motion to table wasconsidered it was defeated by 98yes to 132 no. Professor ofPsychology Stephan Choroverthen rose to say that he was verymuch in favor of the resolutionbut that he felt that no oneshould vote for it unless theywere personally committed tofollow through with theirpledge. Debate was cut off andthe motion was considered.

The final count was 132 infavor, to 64 no, and 51 absten-tions. The 132 to 115 ratioresulted in the passage of theresolution which referred to amajority of the faculty present.

The motion in its final formreads:

I"We, a majority of the MITfaculty present, pledge to workfor immediate withdrawal of allAmerican air. land, and seaforces from Indochina and anend of all aid to the Thieugovernment. We will use ourskills as teachers and scholars tostrengthen ongoing peace pro-grams and to provide means andideas for new-peace actions." .

By the time the meeting wasadjourned, about 6:1 5, at least aquarter of the faculty and athird of the spectators had left.

!

(Continued from front page)L for special programs and that it·might be nmisinterpreted by out-side institutions. An amendmentwas offered to remove considera-tion of pass/fail from themotion .

Another point was made thatit would be wrong, under anycircumstances, to keep the in-complete asterisk on the recordof those students who decidedto complete their classes by

k October of next year. RonE Smith, of the Registrar's Office,t told the faculty that the incom-

pletes could be replaced withlittle difficulty.

X1 The amendment was called toe a vote. Those voting in favor ofA. deleting the clause allowing the

optional use of pass/fail forupperclassmen prevailed by avote of 181 yes, 170 no. Arecount was requested with thefinal tally at 1 91 yes, 176 no.

r ~I The first resolution, as passedin its final form, reads:

The teaching faculty shouldmake arrangements to provide

g students who wish to completetheir regularly scheduled aca-

' E cdemic obligation with com-parable instruction in ways thatare mutually agreeable to thestudents and teachers concerned.

a For those students who wisha to make other arrangements, aHti academnic obligations (including

a classes, quizzes, papers, and finalexaminations) after Thursday,

r. lcMay 11, 1972, will be dischargedS as in paragraph three.0 These students should bea given a letter grade, the grade

to be based on either work thush far completed and/or work to bev completed by October 22, 1972,E the choice being decided by the

instructor

pended the meeting for the dura-tion of Dellums' speech.

Professor of Philosophy Syl-vain Bromberger moved that thefaculty support Dellumrns in hiseffort to impeach Nixon. Wies-ner would not accept the motionas it was not included in themeeting agenda. When Brom-berger refused to withdraw themotion, someone immediatelycalled for adjournment. Wiesnersaid that he had "no choice butto call for adjournment" in ref-erence to the fact that a call foradjournment takes precedence.The adjournment motion, whichrequires a two-thirds vote, faile d,but Bromberger's motion wasnever brought up again. None ofthe several The Tech reporterspresent remember the motionever being withdrawn. Later,Director of Admissions RolandGreeley stated that Wiesner hadruled the motion out of order.

At this point, Luria rose toannounce that the faculty ofMIT, Harvard, and BU were in-vited to march at pm onMonday to the MassachusettsState House in protest of Nixon'sescalation of the war and to askfor our immediate withdrawal.

Support for employeesThe second resolution calling

for making arrangements forrelief time to be used by em-ployees to work against the war,was interpreted to be only asuggestion that the faculty offermoral support to those MIT em-ployees who decide to take time

off for peace activities.An amendment not to penal-

ize those students presently oc-Cupying the ROTC building wasoffered by Ken Hale, AssociateProfessor of Foreign Literature.Wiesner disallowed it as notrelevant.

Roy Kaplow, Associate Chair-man of CEP and Associate Pro-fessor of Metallurgy, suggestedthat the wording of the em-ployee motion was confusing.He made a substitute motioncalling for enmployees to be al-lowed to use their vacation time,redistribute their work hours,and obtain leave time withoutpay, to permit them to workagainst the war. An announce-ment similar to that issued byHoward Johnson on May 7,1970, would be issued byWiesner. The motion passed withonly about half a dozen op-posed.

Against the warDonald Bell, Assistant Pro-

fessor of History, presented thethird resolution which pledgedfaculty energies to work for anend to the war; faculty supportfor student actions to that sameend; use of faculty skills andinitiatives; and joining with theenergies of the 1200 who votedfor a strike in Kresge on Wednes-day. Some worried that the mo-tion might be binding on allfaculty so the first line wasaltered to read, "We, a majorityof the MIT faculty present,"instead of "We, the members of

(Continued from front page)cated that the key was, in allprobability, supplied by some-one within the building who hasaccess to the library.

Once inside the offices,people barricaded the doorwaysto prevent entrance by adminis-trators, and maintained a flow ofpersons between rooms byclimbing over the partition.

During the initial stages ofthe occupation, the building wassealed off by campus patrol,while approximately 100 peopleshowed their support for theaction inside by supplying foodand blankets to the demonstra-tors through a window to one ofthe offices.

Inside, there was no trashingor damage done to the occupiedoffices, as people went throughand read open files at will, re-turning them and making certainthat no harm was done to them.In addition, phone access wascut off from the offices, butonly after organizers in the oc-cupied zone had spoken withformer UAP Mike Albert overthe phone.

The situation turned to oneof stalemate as tensions eventu-ally eased on both sides. Facultymembers began engaging in dia-logue with students on the otherside of the barricades, andcampus patrolmen assisted ingetting food to those within thebuilding through windows. At

corridor from behind the admin-istration side of the barricade.Protesters again pushed the bar-ricades farther down the hall,gaining an added twelve feet ofhall plus access to the 365th AirForce ROTC Cadet SquadronHeadquarters, the door of whichhad been left open after twopersons playing cards in theroom left.

From the Headquarters, pro-testers gained entry to theAFROTC library by going overyet another partition betweenthe rooms, and phone lines tothe newly-acquired rooms weredisconnected by administrators.

A report received over theradio that An Loc (South Viet-nam) had been lost by ARVNforces resulted in renewed cheer-ing and chanting. Later DeanBenson Snyder indicated thatthe cheering had been miscon-strued by adnainistrators, whowere concerned that those in theoffice had broken a lock, whichwould make them subject tofurther criminal prosecution.

The protesters again tried togain ground at 2 AM, when sixstudents who had gotten intothe building tried getting intothe occupied area of the corri-dor, and were confronted byadministrators. The call for rein-forcements from the campuspatrol was picked up by a cam-pus patrol van, which was cruis-ing the area at the time. Coinci-

dentally, the van was being fol-lowed by a Cambridge Policesquad car, and when a campuspatrolman jumped out of thevan and rushed into the building,the Cambridge authorities in-stin ctively followed, though MIThad no knowledge of the action.Once inside the corridor, Cam-bridge policemen removed thesix students who had tried en-tering the area, as well as at-tempting to eject reporters fromThe Tech and WTBS. They thenleft the building as MIT adminis-trators pondered over the ques-tion of how Cambridge had re-ceived word on what was trans-piring.

The atmosphere stayed quitecalm throughout the remainderof the night, as most of thedem onstrators within the occu-pied hall and offices slept whileadministrators, faculty members,and campus patrolmen keptwatch.

The demonstrators made aneffort to keep the area as cleanas possible and not to damageanything, and left the building at11:30 for Kresge Plaza. (Whilethe decision to stay the nightwas reportedly unanimous, theSaturday morning evacuationfollowed a very close vote.)From there they proceeded tothe Boston Common to join amarch of some 3000 personsthrough downtown Boston tothe Charlestown -Naval Yards.

one point, the demonstrators re-quested a broom with which toclean up the occupied area, andadministrators readily suppliedit.

Later, Special Assistant to theChairman of the MIT Corpora-tion Waiter Milne made an an-nouncement to all those in thecorridor that the Cambridge Po-lice had just relayed a call theyhad received which said that"there's twenty pounds of TNTin the building set to go off."

Demonstrators were not af-fected by the warning and Milneannounced that anyone (i.e.faculty members) who felt un-comnfortable a b out stayingshould leave, even though ad-ministrators felt the call was ahoax.

A support rally, initially setfor 10:30 Thursday night, at-tracted at most 150 people.After a half hour wait, the groupcrisscrossed the MIT campus,stopping at dormitories to callfor support for the occupation.Response to the call was poor.At Baker, the crowd was splash-ed with water and pelted with afew cans and deck of computercards. By the time of their re-turn to Building 20 around mid-night, their number haddiminished .

Shortly after midnight, scuf-fling again broke out as a smallband of students attempted toenter the occupied area of the

Ron DlellunmsAt this time, about 5pm,

1 the meeting was interrupted bythe entrance of Congressmanfrom California Ron Dellums.

n Delluns had been scheduled tospeak in Kresge, but his talk wasmoved to Lobdell because of the

n meeting. Dellums took the op-h portunity offered by Wiesner tot, address the faculty.y. He began strongly, notingI~ that he was sure all shared his(1 frustration over our criminal andb illegal involvement in VietnamE and the escalation whlich has putb us on the brink of World WarI Three. His announcement that

C he has joined several'colleaguesq to bring impeachment pro-

, eedings against Nixon receiveda good deal of applause. Hestated that Nixon had violatedCongressional authority and na-tional and international law.

The Congressman concludedwith an impassioned plea for theuniversities to not send techno-crats out into the world, not toproduce people without a heartand soul.

Wiesnler had evidently not ex-pected that Dellums would con-tinue into such areas. He wasnervously trying to stop theCongressman shortly before Del-lums concluded on his own.

Wiesner, again presiding overthe meeting, retroactively sus-

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