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(ARRA Site Characterization) – Geologic

Characterization of the Triassic Newark

Basin of Southeastern New York and

Northern New Jersey

(DE-FE0002352)

Philip Papadeas, PG Co-PI

Sandia Technologies, LLC

U.S. Department of Energy

National Energy Technology Laboratory

Carbon Storage R&D Project Review Meeting

Developing the Technologies and Building the

Infrastructure for CO2 Storage

August 21-23, 2012

• Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy [National Energy Technology Laboratory] under Award Number DE-FE0002352, Contract No. 18131 from the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority [NYSERDA], and “In Kind” Cost Share from Schlumberger Carbon Services, Weatherford Laboratories, National Oilwell Varco, New York State Museum, and Rutgers University.

• Project Team Members: Dan Collins, PI/PM, Sandia Technologies, LLC; Conrad Geoscience/PVE- Scheffler, New York State Museum, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Rutgers University, Earthview Associates, Schlumberger, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

• Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

NYSERDA has not reviewed the information contained herein, and the opinions expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect those of NYSERDA or the State of New York

Carbon Services

Sandia Technologies, LLC 2

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Presentation Outline • Project Benefits to the Program

• Project Overview- Objectives, Goals

• Project Accomplishments

• Preliminary Results

– Integrated Seismic-Geologic-Reservoir Data

• Summary

– Key Findings, Lessons Learned

• Future Plans

– Lamont Doherty Test Well

– Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab - CO2 Reaction Modeling


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Project Team Organization Chart

Triassic Basin Characterization Project

ARRA Funding

- Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory

(M. McMillian - DOE Project Officer)

Tri-Carb Consortium for

Leveraged Technical Services Partner Carbon Sequestration, LLC Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

- Schlumberger Carbon Services - Sandia Technologies, LLC - Advisory - J. Beyer

(D. Peters/J. Walker) - Conrad Geosceince, Corp. - Reaction Kinetics - K. Knauss

- Reactive Transport Modeling - N. Spycher

In Kind Contributions

- Schlumberger Carbon Services Co-Funding "Match" Partner

- New York State Museum - New York State Energy Research & Development Autrhority

- Rutgers University (NYSERDA)

- National Oilwell Varco

- Weatherford Laboratories

Project Management Team

- Daniel Collins - PI, Sandia Technologies, LLC

- Philip Papadeas - Co-PI, Sandia Technologies, LLC

Technical Advisory Team - John Conrad - Co-PI, Conrad Geoscience Corp.

- David Goldberg - Lamont-Doherty Earth Obseratory - Chris Brown - Co-PI, Conrad Geoscience Corp.

- Paul Olsen - Lamont-Doherty Earth Obseratory

- Dennis Kent - Lamont-Doherty Earth Obseratory/Rutgers

- John Beyer - Lawrence Berkeley National Lab General Contractor

- John Martin - NYSERDA - Sandia Technologies, LLC

- Taury Smith - NYS Museum Project Contractors

- Karl Muessig - NJ Geological Survey - Field Vendors To Be Determined

- NOV

- Weatherford Labs

MRCSP

Partnership


4


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Benefits to the Program • Project Goals:

– Advance Geologic Knowledge of Newark Basin for

potential Carbon Storage in northeast corridor

– Provide baseline Geologic Characterization of all

Formations in Northern Newark Basin

– Perform Assessment of subsurface geologic structure

via integrated seismic data, and reservoir potential of

formations encountered

• Project Benefits:

– Seismic data, Test well drilling, reservoir analysis of

geologic formations has expanded basin concepts

– Refine volumetric storage estimate values in basin

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Project Overview: Objectives/Program Goal

• Primary Objective is to evaluate sequestration potential within the poorly and sparsely explored Triassic-aged Newark Basin. – Identify presence/absence of commercial scale

reservoirs at the northern end of the basin.

– Identify presence of appropriate confining zone(s)/Cap Rocks.

– Evaluate geomechanics of the sedimentary column for injection scenarios.

– Characterize hydro-geologic regime of flow layers

– Correlate test wells to offset basin wells formations

– Perform laboratory modeling of CO2 flow-reaction


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Physiogeographic Setting of the

Newark Basin • Newark Basin stretches

from Rockland County, New York, southwest across northern New Jersey, and into southeastern Pennsylvania (140 miles long by 32 miles wide)

• Geographic extent ~ 2,700 square miles

• The Newark Basin is in close proximity to large population areas and a heavily industrialized section of the country (28 MM tons/year CO2 in closest NY/NJ counties)

• Deep offsets (mid 1980s) are more than 70 miles away – oil and gas exploration

• 1990s 7 Newark Basin Coring Project wells Central New Jersey ~3,500 ft deep – chronostratigraphy focus

Project Deep

Borehole

Closest

Deep

Offsets

70 Miles

7 Newark Basin

Coring Project

Wells


7

TD 6,855’

LDEO

PTD 2,000’

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Project Overview: Objectives (Continued)

• Secondary Objectives Include:

– Gain permitting experience (seismic and well drilling)

in New York.

– Create meaningful near-term and long-term

employment, forming the basis for building and

initiating foundations for CCS industry using the

Newark Basin geologic formations

– Publish technical findings, perform data sharing,

– Integrate data with MRCSP & NATCARB


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Project Accomplishments – Completed initial characterization and model of the

Northern Newark Basin – March 2011

– Completed acquisition and processing of 2-D seismic

lines – March/April 2011

– Completed permitting, drilling, coring, logging and testing

of deep stratigraphic test boring to 6,885 ft –

August/October 2011

– Successful public outreach ahead of well drilling and

“Open House” during site activities – September 2011

– Completed baseline rotary core plug analyses, reservoir

evaluation – July 2012

– Developed Integrated Seismic-Geologic Structural Model

– July 2012 9 Sandia Technologies, LLC

Preliminary Results

• At this Well location, best sandstone development is in the shallower portions of the well (Unit 1 ~2,100 to 2,500 ft, Unit 2 – 2,800 – 3,200 ft, Unit 3 ~ 3,650 – 4,250 ft)

• Formation Pressures indicate a freshwater gradient, placing supercritical CO2 window below a depth of 2,500 feet

• Pump-through water resistivities at 2,322 feet and 3,058 feet indicate brackish waters only (~3,000 ppm NaCl). “Quicklook” log calculations to total depth indicates mainly <10,000 ppm NaCl (i.e. would be classified as USDW, underground sources of drinking water). Need to look deeper in the basin (New Jersey/Pennsylvania area for saline horizons).

• Confirmed presence of abundant lithified mudstones that can act as confining caprock layers. MDT wireline Mini-frac testing of two intervals up to tool limits of +/-5,500 psi (3,055 feet and 3,510 feet), show greater than 1.5 psi/ft minimum breakdown (frac) pressure.

• Potential trapping mechanisms are present in homoclinal dip of sediments being cross-cut by the Palisades Sill


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Subsurface Interpretation Steps


W E

Pre-Stack migration of the cross-dip 2-D seismic line and location of the TriCarb Tandem Lot 1 Well completed at TD = 6,885 ft (2,295 m)

Historical Conceptual

Geologic View

2-D Seismic Processed

Borehole VSP

Seismic Processed

Initial Seismic Interpretation


Post-Drill Depth Image with 2.9% velocity shift at 6886.5’ Measured Depth

West East

V.E. ~1 Datum “0’” = 700’ above SL

Dep

th in

Fe

et

Distance in

Meters

Test

Well

Data Acquired/Processed

Data Interpreted by:

Apparent

Sediment

Wedge

Seismic Line 101

Seismic Mapped Interpretation


13

Geobody A

Predominantly Sands & Shales

West East

Offset in meters =>

Dep

th in

Fe

et

Vertical Datum

700 feet

above sea level

V.E. = 1.64

Vertical Datum

700 feet

above sea level

West-East Interpretation of Subsurface Formations on Seismic Line 101

Seismic Basement:

Below layered reflections

seen on seismic data

Test

Well

~13,000-13,500’

Apparent

Sediment

Wedge

Seismic Mapped Interpretation


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South North

Geobody A

Palisades Sill

Reservoir Flow Units Sandstone

Predominantly Sands & Shales

Sands & Shales

Offset in meters =>

Dep

th in

Fe

et

Layered Reflections

V.E. = 1.64

North-South Interpretation of Subsurface

Formations on Seismic Line 201

Vertical Datum

700 feet

above sea level

Seismic Basement

Below layered reflectors seen on

seismic data

Test

Well

Seismic Mapping


Thickness of Units below Palisades Sill

Estimated Thickness of Palisades Sill

Sandia

Technologies

Tandem Lot #1 Well

Depth to Seismic Basement (feet) Vertical Datum

700 feet

above sea level

10 Km

Integrated Block Model of Northern Newark Basin


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Well

Block Diagram of Interpreted Northern Newark Basin Seismic Lines & Test Well

[Seismic Basement]

Test

Well

Summary

– Key Findings

– Lessons Learned

– Future Plans

17 Sandia Technologies, LLC

Key Findings

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• At the deep test well location sandstone development decreases with depth, however, 3 Reservoir Flow Units identified (Unit 1 ~2,100 to 2,500 ft, Unit 2 – 2,800 – 3,200 ft, Unit 3 ~ 3,650 – 4,250 ft) – poor sandstone development below 4,250 feet

• Formation Pressures indicate a freshwater gradient, placing supercritical CO2 window below a depth of 2,500 feet

• MDT Formation water recovery at 3,058 feet and lab analyses indicate brackish waters only (<10,000 ppm NaCl)

i.e. interval would be classified as underground source of drinking water.

• Well confirmed presence of abundant lithified, low permeability mudstones that can act as confining caprock layers. MDT Minifrac testing of intervals ran up to tool limits of +/-5,500 psi (3,055 feet and 3,510 feet), show >1.5 psi/ft minimum fracture pressure.

• Basin stress regimes identified with borehole FMI, geomechanics, magnetic data

• Potential added trapping mechanisms are in homoclinal dip of sediments being cross-cut by the Palisades Sill and below the sill

• Faulting adds more potential localized reservoir traps


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Open Hole Logging Snapshot – Reservoir Unit Example

• Logs indicate three

potential flow units

(Unit 1 ~2,100 to

2,500 ft, Unit 2 –

2,800 – 3,200 ft, Unit

3 ~ 3,650 – 4,250 ft)

• Note: first unit would

need to be followed

deeper into the basin

sediment wedge to

be at “supercritical”

CO2 conditions

• Low Salinity, TDS

[near fresh water

recharge area]

Un

it 1


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Permeable

Sandstones

Type Log of Reservoir Units


Pa

lisa

des

Dia

ba

se

Sill

Reservoir

Flow

Units

Reservoir Quality With

Porosity/permeability

Suggest Minimum Cutoff

For Commercial Site

> 10 % porosity

> 10 md permeability

Metasediments

Regional Stress Orientation N Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory

Early Findings:

• All stress data suggest maximum

horizontal stress oriented NE-SW

• Basin Seismicity potential

• Data is consistent with other regional

evidence for reverse/strike-slip regime

SHmax

Reinecker, et al., (2008), The World Stress Map

(www.world-stress-map.org) Goldberg et al., 2003, Stress Regimes in the Newark

basin: evidence from core and downhole data


Borehole Stress Indicators

Wellbore deformation

in the sill (SE-NW)

Drilling-induced and drilling-

enhanced fractures (NE-SW)

Breakouts in

sediments (SE-NW)

Fast shear

AZ N E S W N

N E S W N

1

2 3

4

Caliper 2 (NE-SW)

N

Caliper 1 (SE-NW)

(from sonic anisotropy analysis

by Schlumberger)

N

S

E W


Lessons Learned • County regulatory concerns/requirements may not agree with

state Permit requirements – may result in increased well construction costs, i.e. local request for additional surface casing

• Research Field Work can be accomplished in an urban-suburban “developed” setting, however, costs will be higher than budgeted, i.e. seismic on NYS Thruway, permitting charges, access

• Early outreach to local Rockland Co., NY officials helped facilitate education outreach to key stakeholders and wider public

• Northern end of the basin is significantly more complex than originally anticipated, with faulting, igneous dikes, metasediments

• Palisades Sill thickness was approximately 1100 feet, with halo zones of meta-sediments, altered intervals above-below diabase.

• Defined Reservoir Flow zones are indicated from logs, cores, MDT fluids, integrated ELAN

• Integrated Seismic-Geologic structure, thickness information show effect of the sill on sediments, faulting, thinning

• Apparent deeper wedge of sediments may exist to 13,500 feet

• Middle deeper Newark Basin (NJ) may contain better (saline) reservoirs away from thermal influence of Palisades Sill


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Future Plans - Next Steps • Complete whole core evaluation by New York State

Museum – 4thQ 2012

• Complete whole core plug commercial Laboratory Analyses – Weatherford Laboratories 4thQ 2012

• Complete integration of core data and geophysical well logs – Schlumberger Carbon Services 4thQ 2012

• Permit and drill Shallow Well (2,000 ft continuous mineral core well) at Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Campus – 4thQ 2012.

• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory performing reaction experiments and geochemical numerical modeling – complete by summer 2013.

• Project report and NATCARB data integration complete by September 30, 2013.


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Gantt Chart


Posters

• Newark Basin Project Team – 3 Posters – Initial Integration of New Reflection Seismic Surveys

with Observations from the Sandia Technologies

Tandem Lot #1 and Palisades Sill Outcrop

Distribution

– Initial Analysis of Seismic Elastic Parameter Data

from the Sandia Technologies, LLC Tandem Lot #1

Well

– Characterization of the Northern Newark Basin:

Preliminary Thin Section, Core and Log Analyses

from the NYSTA Tandem Lot Well

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Questions?


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Appendix


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Bibliography

No peer reviewed publications have been

generated from the project yet.

Following integration of data from 2nd well at

LDEO expectations are to generate several

publication areas.


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