Appendix Table 1. Search strategy (21 June 2018)

Database Search strategy Results

Embase # 1 'cord clamp*':ti,ab,kw OR 'cord ligat*':ti,ab,kw 1137

# 2 'umbilical cord'/exp OR 'umbilical cord':ti,ab,kw 71006

# 3 'clamp*':ti,ab,kw OR 'ligat*':ti,ab,kw 221937

# 4 #2 AND #3 1765

# 5 'placental transfusion':ti,ab,kw 211

# 6 #1 OR #4 OR #5 2268

# 7 'randomized controlled trial':it OR 'controlled clinical trial':it OR 'clinical trial':it OR 'randomized controlled

trial'/exp OR 'randomization'/exp OR 'double blind procedure'/exp OR 'single blind procedure'/exp OR

'clinical trial'/exp OR 'clinical trial' OR 'placebo'/exp OR placebo* OR random*

2526390

# 8 #6 AND #7 613

Pubmed # 1 (cord clamp*[Title/Abstract]) OR cord ligat*[Title/Abstract] 839

# 2 ("umbilical cord"[Title/Abstract]) OR umbilical cord[MeSH Terms] 40404

# 3 (clamp*[Title/Abstract]) OR ligat*[Title/Abstract] 172031

# 4 #2 AND #3 1279

# 5 "placental transfusion"[Title/Abstract] 162

# 6 "Umbilical Cord/blood supply"[MeSH Terms] OR "Umbilical Cord/surgery"[MeSH Terms] 1573

# 7 #1 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 2963

# 8 randomized controlled trial[Publication Type] OR controlled clinical trial[Publication Type] OR clinical

trial[Publication Type] OR randomized controlled trials[MeSH Terms] OR random allocation[MeSH Terms]

OR double-blind method[MeSH Terms] OR single-blind method[MeSH Terms] OR clinical trial[MeSH

Terms] OR "clinical trial"[Text Word] OR placebos[MeSH Terms] OR placebo*[Text Word] OR

random*[Text Word]

1700828

# 9 #7 AND #8 479

Cochrane

Library

# 1 "cord clamp*":ti,ab,kw or "cord ligat*":ti,ab,kw 432

# 2 "umbilical cord":ti,ab,kw 1762

# 3 MeSH descriptor: [Umbilical Cord] explode all trees 557

# 4 #2 OR #3 2027

# 5 clamp*:ti,ab,kw or ligat*:ti,ab,kw 7836

# 6 #4 AND #5 390

# 7 "placental transfusion":ti,ab,kw 61

# 8 MeSH descriptor: [Umbilical Cord] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Blood supply - BS] 26

# 9 MeSH descriptor: [Umbilical Cord] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Surgery - SU] 40

# 10 #1 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 573

# 11 randomized controlled trial:pt or controlled clinical trial:pt or clinical trial:pt 537500

# 12 "clinical trial" or placebo* or random* 1035951

# 13 MeSH descriptor: [Randomized Controlled Trial] explode all trees 193

# 14 MeSH descriptor: [Random Allocation] explode all trees 20645

# 15 MeSH descriptor: [Double-Blind Method] explode all trees 127427

# 16 MeSH descriptor: [Single-Blind Method] explode all trees 18103

# 17 MeSH descriptor: [Clinical Trial] explode all trees 444

# 18 MeSH descriptor: [Placebos] explode all trees 23575

# 19 #11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 1036060

# 20 #10 and #19 497

Appendix Table 2. Early versus late cord clamping in preterm infantsOutcome Included studies No. of Studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size

Hemoglobin (Hb), 10 weeks Ultee et al. (2008) 1 34 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.10 [0.35, 1.85]

Hematocrit, 6-10 weeks Ranjit et al. (2015), Ultee et al. (2008) 2 128 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.09 [0.72, 1.47]

Serum ferritin (SF), 6-10 weeks Ranjit et al. (2015), Ultee et al. (2008) 2 118 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.38 [0.01, 0.74]

Appendix Table 3. Early versus late cord clamping in low birth weight infantsOutcome Included studies No. of Studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size

Hemoglobin (Hb), 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.10 [-0.38, 0.58]

Hb change, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.40 [-1.34, 0.54]

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -2.00 [-3.86, -0.14]

Serum ferritin, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -24.00 [-191.77, 143.77]

Transferrin saturation, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 39 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.00 [-6.81, 8.81]

Anemia, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.45, 1.47]

Weight, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.20 [-0.17, 0.57]

Weight change, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.30 [0.02, 0.58]

Length, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.00 [-0.56, 2.56]

Length change, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-1.74, 1.74]

Head circumference, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 73 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-0.87, 0.87]

Positive HIV PCR, 2-3 months Tiemersma et al. (2015) 1 33 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.02, 8.08]

Appendix Table 4. Early versus late cord clamping in term infantsOutcome Included studies No. of Studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size

Hemoglobin (Hb)

< 6 months Andersen et al. (2011), Chaparro et al. (2007), Geethanath et al. (1997), Grajeda et al. (1997), Li et al. (2012), Al-Tawil et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (1980), Gupta and Ramji (2002)

8 1085 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.22 [-0.06, 0.50]

≥ 6 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010), Chaparro et al. (2006), Chaparro et al. (2007), Kc et al. (2017)

5 1670 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.15 [0.06, 0.25]

Hb change from baseline, 4-6 months Chaparro et al. (2007), Gupta and Ramji (2002) 3 208 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.29 [-0.57, -0.02]

< 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007), Gupta and Ramji (2002) 2 136 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.45 [-0.79, -0.11]

≥ 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 1 72 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-0.46, 0.46]

Appendix Table 4. (Continued)Outcome Included studies No. of Studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration, 4-6 months Andersson et al. (2011), Chaparro et al. (2006)

2 572 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.25 [-1.20, 3.69]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2011) 1 343 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.49 [2.21, 2.78]

≥ 6 months Chaparro et al. (2006) 1 229 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.00 [-0.26, 0.26]

Anemia

< 6 months Al-Tawil et al. (2012), Andersson et al. (2011), Chaparro et al. (2007)

3 585 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.79 [0.52, 1.20]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014), Chaparro et al. (2006), Chaparro et al. (2007), Kc et al. (2017)

5 1717 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.87, 0.99]

Hematocrit

< 6 months Al-Tawil et al. (2012), Grajeda et al. (1997), Li et al. (2012)

3 387 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [-0.03, 1.04]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014), Chaparro et al. (2006)

2 525 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.03 [-0.20, 0.14]

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2011), Li et al. (2012) 2 501 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.15, 0.51]

≥ 6 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010), Chaparro et al. (2006), Li et al. (2012)

3 781 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.17 [-0.09, 0.43]

Serum iron, 2-4 months Andersson et al. (2011), Grajeda et al. (1997), Li et al. (2012)

3 570 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.23 [0.06, 0.40]

Total body iron, 4-6 months Andersson et al. (2011), Chaparro et al. (2006)

2 578 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.29, 0.62]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2011) 1 343 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.48 [0.26, 0.69]

≥ 6 months Chaparro et al. (2006) 1 235 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.42 [0.16, 0.68]

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), < 6 months Grajeda et al. (1997), Li et al. (2012) 2 227 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) -0.06 [-0.55, 0.43]

Serum ferritin

< 6 months Al-Tawil et al. (2012), Andersson et al. (2014), Geethanath et al. (1997), Grajeda et al. (1997), Gupta and Ramji (2002), Krishnan et al. (2015), Li et al. (2012)

7 975 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.22 [0.47, 1.98]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014), Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010), Chaparro et al. (2006), Kc et al. (2017)

5 1867 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.37 [0.99, 3.76]

Iron deficiency

< 6 months Al-Tawil et al. (2012), Andersson et al. (2011)

2 507 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.13 [0.04, 0.44]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014), Chaparro et al. (2006), Kc et al. (2017)

3 1071 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.55 [0.43, 0.72]

Appendix Table 4. (Continued)Outcome Included studies No. of Studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size

Iron deficiency anemia, 4-12 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010), Chaparro et al. (2006), Chaparro et al. (2007), Kc et al. (2017)

6 1799 Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) 0.68 [0.49, 0.94]

< 6 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010), Chaparro et al. (2006), Chaparro et al. (2007), Kc et al. (2017)

5 1721 Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.51, 1.02]

≥ 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 1 78 Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) 0.43 [0.18, 1.00]

Iron deficient erythropoiesis, 4-6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 2 150 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.82, 1.20]

< 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 1 78 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.72, 1.29]

≥ 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 1 72 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.79, 1.32]

Transferrin receptors (sTfR) Andersson et al. (2011), Andersson et al. (2014), Chaparro et al. (2006), Li et al. (2012)

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2011), Li et al. (2012) 2 501 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) -0.05 [-0.60, 0.49]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014), Chaparro et al. (2006) 2 546 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.05 [-0.22, 0.12]

Transferrin saturation (TS), 2-12 months Al-Tawil et al. (2012), Andersson et al. (2011), Andersson et al. (2014), Grajeda et al. (1997)

4 874 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.05 [0.53, 1.57]

< 6 months Al-Tawil et al. (2012), Andersson et al. (2011), Grajeda et al. (1997)

3 572 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.20 [0.64, 1.76]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014), 1 302 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-1.47, 1.47]

Zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP), 4-6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 2 150 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -19.40 [-49.05, 10.26]

< 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 1 78 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -25.00 [-60.73, 10.73]

≥ 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 1 72 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -7.00 [-60.14, 46.14]

Weigh, 3-12 months Andersson et al. (2014), Lanzkowsky (1960), Li et al. (2012)

4 964 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.07 [-0.19, 0.05]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2014), Lanzkowsky (1960), Li et al. (2012)

3 626 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.05 [-0.20, 0.10]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014) 1 338 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.12 [-0.35, 0.11]

Body length, < 6 months Andersson et al. (2011), Li et al. (2012) 2 508 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-0.17, 0.17]

Positive malaria smear, 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 1 72 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.32 [0.39, 4.52]

Reticulocyte Hb equivalent, 12 months Andersson et al. (2014) 1 296 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.20 [-0.31, 0.71]

Reticulocyte hemoglobin, 4 months Andersson et al. (2011) 1 343 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.28, 1.12]

Reticulocyte count, 4 months Andersson et al. (2011) 1 343 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 3.00 [0.67, 5.33]

Body iron, 6 months Chaparro et al. (2006) 1 235 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 27.10 [10.74, 43.46]

Stored iron, 6 months Chaparro et al. (2006) 1 235 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 26.90 [13.12, 40.68]

Transferrin, 4 months Andersson et al. (2011) 1 343 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.13 [-0.20, -0.06]

LogTfR/Fer, 4 months Andersson et al. (2011) 1 343 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.19 [-0.27, -0.11]

Appendix Table 4. (Continued)Outcome Included studies No. of Studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size

Ratio transferrin receptor/ferritin, 6 months Chaparro et al. (2006) 1 315 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -41.40 [-71.59, -11.21]

Weigh gain, 6 months Chaparro et al. (2007) 1 266 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.04 [-0.14, 0.22]

Packed cell volume, 4 months Andersson et al. (2011) 1 343 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-0.42, 0.42]

Immunoglobulin G, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 340 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-0.19, 0.19]

Serum bilirubin, 3-5 months Al-Tawil et al. (2012) 1 160 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.02 [1.59, 2.45]

Blood lead concentration, 6 months van Rheenen et al. (2007) 1 266 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.30 [-0.39, -0.21]

Age & Stages Questionnaire-II (ASQ-II) -

Total score, 4-48 months

Andersson et al. (2013), Andersson et al. (2014)

3 947 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.02 [-0.10, 0.15]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 365 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.05 [-0.16, 0.25]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014) 1 337 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.09 [-0.30, 0.12]

48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 245 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.14 [-0.11, 0.39]

ASQ-II - Communication, 4-48 months Andersson et al. (2013), Andersson et al. (2014), Andersson et al. (2015)

3 951 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.04 [-0.17, 0.09]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 365 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.04 [-0.17, 0.24]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014) 1 337 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.01 [-0.22, 0.21]

48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 249 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.20 [-0.45, 0.05]

ASQ-II - Gross motor, 4-48 months Andersson et al. (2013), Andersson et al. (2014), Andersson et al. (2015)

3 955 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.01 [-0.12, 0.14]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 365 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.08 [-0.12, 0.29]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014) 1 337 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.10 [-0.32, 0.11]

48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 253 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.06 [-0.19, 0.30]

ASQ-II - Fine motor, 4-48 months Andersson et al. (2013), Andersson et al. (2014), Andersson et al. (2015)

3 954 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.08 [-0.04, 0.21]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 365 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.08 [-0.12, 0.29]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014) 1 337 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.02 [-0.24, 0.19]

48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 252 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.23 [-0.02, 0.48]

ASQ-II-Problem - solving, 4-48 months Andersson et al. (2013), Andersson et al. (2014), Andersson et al. (2015)

3 953 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [-0.13, 0.26]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 365 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.23 [0.03, 0.44]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014) 1 337 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) -0.09 [-0.30, 0.13]

48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 251 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.04 [-0.21, 0.29]

Appendix Table 4. (Continued)Outcome Included studies No. of Studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size

ASQ-II-Personal - social, 4-48 months Andersson et al. (2013), Andersson et al. (2014), Andersson et al. (2015)

3 956 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) -0.01 [-0.33, 0.30]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 365 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) -0.26 [-0.47, -0.06]

≥ 6 months Andersson et al. (2014) 1 337 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) -0.06 [-0.27, 0.15]

48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 254 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.06, 0.56]

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of

Intelligence (WPPSI-III) - Full-scale IQ, 48 months

Andersson et al. (2015) 1 251 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-2.41, 2.41]

WPPSI-III - Verbal IQ, 48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 252 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.50 [-3.75, 2.75]

WPPSI-III - Performance, 48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 252 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.30 [-2.93, 2.33]

WPPSI-III - Processing-speed quotient, 48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 240 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.80 [-0.51, 4.11]

WPPSI-III - General language composite, 48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 241 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -0.80 [-3.70, 2.10]

Movement Assessment Battery for Children

(Movement ABC) - Manual dexterity, 48 months

Andersson et al. (2015) 1 249 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.20 [-0.41, 0.81]

Movement ABC - Posting coins in box, 48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 250 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [-0.67, 0.67]

Movement ABC - Bead threading, 48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 250 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.50 [-0.31, 1.31]

Movement ABC - Drawing bicycle trail, 48 months Andersson et al. (2015) 1 249 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.20 [-0.23, 0.63]

Development quotients, 4 months Li et al. (2012) 1 158 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.87 [-1.25, 2.99]

Bayley Scales of Infant Development - Mental, 8

months

Nelson et al. (1980) 1 54 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.50 [-7.12, 10.12]

Bayley Scales of Infant Development - Physical, 8

months

Nelson et al. (1980) 1 54 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) -2.10 [-7.67, 3.47]

Dermatosis, 4-6 months Andersson et al. (2013), Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010)

2 615 Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [0.07, 4.16]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.62, 1.71]

≥ 6 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010) 1 255 Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [0.01, 2.15]

Diarrhoea, 2-6 months Andersson et al. (2013), van Rheenen et al. (2007)

4 594 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.36 [0.82, 2.25]

< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 3 522 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.56, 1.67]

≥ 6 months van Rheenen et al. (2007) 1 72 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 20.06 [1.21, 332.14]

Ear, nose and throat infection, 4-6 months Andersson et al. (2013), Ceriani 2 615 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.08 [0.67, 6.51]

Cernadas et al. (2010)< 6 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.43 [0.24, 8.48]

≥ 6 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010) 1 255 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.59 [0.58, 11.56]

Appendix Table 4. (Continued)Outcome Included studies No. of Studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size

Fever, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.09 [0.77, 1.55]

Loose stools, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.18 [0.79, 1.77]

Hard stools, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.28 [0.45, 3.60]

Belly ache, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.59, 1.23]

Vomiting, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.42, 1.27]

Cough, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.81, 1.39]

Breathing difficulties, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.25 [0.63, 2.50]

Rhinorrhea/runny nose, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.78, 1.45]

Nasal congestion, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.79, 1.12]

Crying, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.51, 1.05]

Tiredness, 4 months Andersson et al. (2013) 1 360 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.52, 1.41]

Urinary tract infection, 6 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010) 1 255 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.26 [0.05, 1.39]

Low respiratory infection, 6 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010) 1 255 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.31, 1.39]

Upper respiratory infection, 6 months Ceriani Cernadas et al. (2010) 1 255 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.59 [0.94, 2.68]

Appendix Figure 1. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Hemoglobin (Hb), < 6 months

Appendix Figure 2. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Mean cell hemoglobin concentration, 4-6 months

Appendix Figure 3. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Anemia, < 6 months

Appendix Figure 4. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Hematocrit, < 6 months

Appendix Figure 5. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Hematocrit, ≥ 6 months

Appendix Figure 6. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), ≥ 6 months

Appendix Figure 7. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), < 6 months

Appendix Figure 8. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Iron deficient erythropoiesis, 4-6 months

Appendix Figure 9. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Transferrin receptors (sTfR), < 6 months

Appendix Figure 10. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Transferrin receptors (sTfR), ≥ 6 months

Appendix Figure 11. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP), 4-6 months

Appendix Figure 12. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Weigh, 3-12 months

Appendix Figure 13. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Body length, < 6 months

Appendix Figure 14. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Age & Stages Questionnaire-II (ASQ-II) - Total score, 4-48 months

Appendix Figure 15. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Age & Stages Questionnaire-II (ASQ-II) -

Communication, 4-48 months

Appendix Figure 16. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Age & Stages Questionnaire-II (ASQ-II) - Gross motor, 4-48 months

Appendix Figure 17. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Age & Stages Questionnaire-II (ASQ-II) - Fine motor, 4-48 months

Appendix Figure 18. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Age & Stages Questionnaire-II (ASQ-II) -

Problem-solving, 4-48 months

Appendix Figure 19. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Age & Stages Questionnaire-II (ASQ-II) - Personal-social, 4-48 months

Appendix Figure 20. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Dermatosis, 4-6 months

Appendix Figure 21. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Diarrhoea, 2-6 months

Appendix Figure 22. Early versus late cord clamping in term infants, Ear, nose and throat infection, 4-6 months