Supporting information

Mie resonance in hollow nanoshells of ternary TiO2-Au-CdS and

enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Xiaxi Yao,a Xiuli Hu a, Wenjun Zhang a, Xinyu Gong a, Xuhong Wang a, Suresh C.

Pillai c, Dionysios D. Dionysiou d, Dawei Wang b*

a. School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Suzhou Key Laboratory of

Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500,

P.R. China.

b. Department of Environmental Science and Earth Sciences, Clemson University,

Clemson SC 29634, USA.

c. Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Division, Department of

Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane,

Sligo, Ireland

d. Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati,

Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA

Corresponding Author: Dawei Wang

Email: dwang4@clemson.edu

Content:

Fig. S1-S4

Table S1

Table S2

S1

Fig. S1 TEM images of (a) TiO2 hollow nanoshells, (b) TiO2-Au hollow nanoshells,

and (c) TiO2-CdS hollow nanoshells prepared with 200 nm colloidal silica templates.

S2

Fig. S2 XPS survey spectra (a), and fine scanned XPS spectra of TiO2, TiO2-Au, and

TiO2-CdS hollow nanoshells prepared with 200 nm colloidal silica templates: Ti 2p

(b), O 1s (c); Au 4f fine scanned XPS spectra of TiO2-Au hollow nanoshells (d); Cd

3d (e) and S 2p (f) fine scanned XPS spectra of TiO2-CdS hollow nanoshells.

S3

Fig. S3 (a) TEM image and (b) XRD pattern of 255(31)@TiO2-Au-CdS after etching

CdS and Au in HNO3 aqueous solution.

S4

Fig. S4 UV-vis reflectance spectra of (a) 150(27)@TiO2-Au-CdS, (b) 185(30)@TiO2-

Au-CdS, (c) 225(31)@TiO2-Au-CdS, and (d) 255(31)@TiO2-Au-CdS hollow

nanoshells after etching in HNO3 aqueous solution.

S5

Table S1 Elemental content in TiO2-Au-CdS hollow nanoshells with difference

diameters

Atomic (%)

SamplesTi O Cd S Au C

150(27)@TiO2-Au-CdS 12.57 45.83 7.65 7.36 0.2 26.39

185(30)@TiO2-Au-CdS 12.52 45.8 7.77 7.45 0.18 26.28

225(31)@TiO2-Au-CdS 12.56 45.88 7.67 7.47 0.18 26.24

255(31)@TiO2-Au-CdS 12.56 45.35 7.75 7.42 0.18 26.74

S6

Table S2 Photocatalytic performance comparison of TiO2-CdS-based photocatalysts

for H2 production from water splitting.

Photocatalysts Sacrificial

reagent

Light source H2-evolution rate References

TiO2-Au-CdS 0.1 M Na2S and

0.1 M Na2SO3

300 W Xe lamp

(λ>420 nm)

669.7 µmol·h-1·g-1 This work

TiO2-Au-CdS 0.25 M Na2S and

0.35 M Na2SO3

300 W Xenon

lamp (λ>420 nm)

5.5 μmol/cm2/h 46

CdS/Au/TiO2 0.25 M Na2S and

0.35 M Na2SO3

750 W Xenon

lamp (UV and

visible light)

140 µmol·h-1·g-1 50

CdS/Au/TiO2 0.25 M Na2S and

0.35 M Na2SO3

750 W Xenon

lamp (UV and

visible light)

64 µmol·h-1·g-1 51

CdS@TiO2@Au 0.1 M Na2S and

0.1 M Na2SO3

300 W Xenon

lamp (λ>420 nm)

1720 µmol·h-1·g-1 16

TiO2-Au@CdS 0.1 M Na2S and

0.1 M Na2SO3

300 W Xenon

lamp (λ>400 nm)

3560 µmol·h-1·g-1 52

Pt-CdS-TiO2 glycerol 500 W Hg-Xe arc

lamp (λ>418 nm)

65 µmol·h-1·g-1 53

Pt-CdS-TiO2 0.1 M Na2S +

0.02 M Na2SO3.

450 W Hg-arc

lamp (λ>420 nm)

110 µmol·h-1·g-1 54

Pt-CdS-TiO2 Na2S (4.8 mM).

and Na2SO3 (7.0

mM)

simulated solar

light

682.5 µmol·h-1·g-1 55

S7