Supplementary Information:

Statistical Analysis of PM2.5 Observations from Diplomatic Facilities in China

All Cities

Table S-1: Percentage of days with varying daily-averaged concentration in Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenyang, by year. Only days with 24-hours of observations were used to calculate the daily average.

Percentage of Days with a Daily Average (g/m3) in the Range

City YearDays with 24 hours of observations 35 ≥ x 75 ≥ x > 35 150≥ x>75 250 ≥ x > 150 500 ≥ x > 250

Beijing

2009 243 15% 23% 44% 14% 5%

2010 319 17% 27% 34% 17% 5%

2011 294 23% 26% 28% 17% 6%

2012 302 25% 25% 33% 15% 3%

2013 330 18% 32% 30% 15% 5%

Chengdu2012 159 5% 43% 44% 8% 0%

2013 267 8% 37% 36% 15% 3%

2014 196 4% 50% 34% 9% 3%

Guangzhou 2012 246 31% 43% 21% 4% 0%

2013 307 27% 49% 23% 1% 0%

Shanghai 2012 299 35% 46% 17% 1% 0%

2013 319 30% 43% 22% 5% 0%

Shenyang 2013/14 274 18% 43% 31% 7% 1%

Beijing

Figure S-1: Daily maximum, mean, and minimum PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, April 2008-July 2014.

Figure S-2: Hourly-averaged PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, April 2008- July 2014 by the time of day, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the hourly median concentration. The top panel shows the full range. The bottom panel shows the daily interquartile range and the mean hourly concentration. The hourly observations are not normally distributed but have large positive deviations; the mean hourly concentration is therefore always larger than the median hourly concentration.

Figure S-3: Daily-averaged PM2.5 concentration by month in Beijing, April 2008- July 2014, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the daily median concentration.

Figure S-4: Average diurnal variation by month in Beijing, April 2008-July 2014.

Chengdu

Figure S-5: Daily maximum, mean, and minimum PM2.5 concentration in Chengdu, June 2012-July 2014

Figure S-6: Hourly-averaged PM2.5 concentration in Chengdu, June 2012 – July 2014 by the time of day, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the hourly median concentration. The top panel shows the full range. The bottom panel shows the daily interquartile range and the mean hourly concentration.

Figure S-7: Daily-averaged PM2.5 concentration by month in Chengdu, June 2012 – July 2014, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the daily median concentration.

Figure S-8: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 by season in Chendgu, June 2012-July 2014, where DJF = December, January and February; MAM = March, April, May; JJA = June, July and August; and SON = September, October, and November.

Figure S-9: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 by month in Chendgu, June 2012-July 2014.

Guangzhou

Figure S-10: Daily maximum, mean, and minimum PM2.5 concentration in Guangzhou, November 2011 - July 2014.

Figure S-11: Hourly-averaged PM2.5 concentration in Guangzhou, November 2011 - July 2014 by the time of day, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the hourly median concentration. The top panel shows the full range. The bottom panel shows the daily interquartile range and the mean hourly concentration.

Figure S-12: Daily-averaged PM2.5 concentration by month in Guangzhou, November 2011 - July 2014, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the daily median concentration.

Figure S-13: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 in winter (December, January, and February) and summer (June, July, and August) in Guangzhou, June 2012-July 2014.

Figure S-14: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 by season in Guangzhou November 2011-July 2014.

Figure S-15: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 by month in Guangzhou, November 2011-July 2014.

Shanghai

Figure S-16: Daily maximum, mean, and minimum PM2.5 concentration in Shanghai, December 2011 - July 2014.

Figure S-17: Hourly-averaged PM2.5 concentration in Shanghai, January 2012 - July 2014 by the time of day, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the hourly median concentration. The top panel shows the full range. The bottom panel shows the daily interquartile range and the mean hourly concentration.

Figure S-18: Daily-averaged PM2.5 concentration by month in Shanghai, December 2011-July 2014, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the daily median concentration.

Figure S-19: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 in winter (December, January, and February) and summer (June, July, and August) in Shanghai, December 2011-July 2014.

Figure S-20: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 in winter (December, January, and February) and summer (June, July, and August) in Shanghai, December 2011-July 2014.

Figure S-21: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 by month in Shanghai, December 2011-July 2014.

Shenyang

Figure S-22: Daily maximum, mean, and minimum PM2.5 concentration in Shenyang, April 2013 - July 2014.

Figure S-23: Hourly-averaged PM2.5 concentration in Shenyang, April 2012- July 2014 by the time of day, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the hourly median concentration. The top panel shows the full range. The bottom panel shows the daily interquartile range and the mean hourly concentration.

Figure S-24: Daily-averaged PM2.5 concentration by month in Shenyang, April 2012- July 2014, where the box represents the interquartile range and the notch is the daily median concentration.

Figure S-25: Average diurnal variation for winter (December, January and February) and summer (June, July and August) in Shenyang April 2013 - July 2014. Concentrations in winter are more than twice those in summer.

Figure S-26: Average diurnal variability of PM2.5 in winter (December, January, and February) and summer (June, July, and August) in Shenyang, April 2012-July 2014.

Figure S-27: diurnal variability of PM2.5 by month in Shenyang, April 2012-July 2014.