ars.els-cdn.com · web viewphotochemical oxidant formation 0.48 0 6.60 0.48 abiotic depletion of...

Table S1: Composition of analyzed walls, including R-values and material ratio’s.

S14.

5 (W

fB) -

c.t.

c. 4

0S1

4.5

(XPS

) - c

.t.c.

40

S14.

5 (W

fB) -

c.t.

c. 4

0 +

win

dow

sS1

4.5

(WfB

) - c

.t.c.

60

S14.

5 (W

fB) -

c.t.

c. 6

0 +

win

dow

sS1

9.5

- c.t.

c. 4

0S2

4.5

- c.t.

c. 4

0S2

4.5

- c.t.

c. 4

0 +

win

dow

sS2

4.5

- c.t.

c. 6

0S2

4.5

- c.t.

c. 6

0 +

win

dow

sI1

6 - c

.t.c.

40

I16

(XPS

) - c

.t.c.

40

I16

(WfB

) - c

.t.c.

40

I16

(WfB

) - c

.t.c.

40

+ w

indo

ws

I16

(WfB

) - c

.t.c.

60

I16

(WfB

) - c

.t.c.

60

+ w

indo

ws

I16

- c.t.

c. 6

0 +

win

dow

s - g

lass

woo

lI1

6 - c

.t.c.

60

+ w

indo

ws

- sto

ne w

ool

I16

- c.t.

c. 6

0 +

win

dow

s - c

ellu

lose

I16

- c.t.

c. 6

0 +

win

dow

s - w

ood

woo

lI2

0 - c

.t.c.

40

I24

- c.t.

c. 4

0I2

4 - c

.t.c.

40

+ w

indo

ws

I24

- c.t.

c. 6

0I2

4 - c

.t.c.

60

+ w

indo

ws

R-value wall (m²K/W) 4.45

5.87

4.05

4.69

4.23

4.91

5.95

5.28

6.34

5.57

5.17

7.17

7.28

7.14

7.43

7.30

6.90

6.88

6.16

6.08

6.33

7.48

7.29

7.66

7.48

Wood fraction bearing structure

16.4

8%16

.48%

23.9

8%12

.96%

20.5

0%16

.48%

16.4

8%23

.98%

12.9

6%20

.50%

11.9

8%11

.98%

11.9

8%15

.84%

9.86

%13

.47%

13.4

7%13

.47%

13.4

7%13

.47%

11.1

3%10

.56%

14.0

5%8.

88%

12.1

8%

Insulation fraction bearing structure

83.5

2%83

.52%

76.0

2%87

.04%

79.5

0%83

.52%

83.5

2%76

.02%

87.0

4%79

.50%

88.0

2%88

.02%

88.0

2%84

.16%

90.1

4%86

.53%

86.5

3%86

.53%

86.5

3%86

.53%

88.8

7%89

.44%

85.9

5%91

.12%

87.8

2%

TF S14.5 - 40 x xTF S14.5 - 40w xTF S14.5 - 60 xTF S14.5 - 60w xTF S19.5 - 40 xTF S24.5 - 40 xTF S24.5 - 40w xTF S24.5 - 60 xTF S24.5 - 60w xTF I16 - 40 x x xTF I16 - 40w xTF I16 - 60 xTF I16 - 60w x x x x xTF I20 - 40 x TF I24 - 40 xTF I24 - 40w xTF I24 - 60 xTF I24 - 60w xTI S14.5 - 40 - glass wool x xTI S14.5 - 40w - glass wool xTI S14.5 - 60 - glass wool xTI S14.5 - 60w - glass wool xTI S19.5 - 40 - glass wool xTI S24.5 - 40 - glass wool xTI S24.5 - 40w - glass wool xTI S24.5 - 60 - glass wool xTI S24.5 - 60w - glass wool xTI I16 - 40 - glass wool x x xTI I16 - 40w - glass wool xTI I16 - 60 - glass wool xTI I16 - 60w - glass wool x xTI I16 - 60w - stone wool xTI I16 - 60w - cellulose xTI I16 - 60w - wood wool xTI I20 - 40 - glass wool xTI I24 - 40 - glass wool xTI I24 - 40w - glass wool xTI I24 - 60 - glass wool xTI I24 - 60w - glass wool xWooden cladding x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xSupport structure for wooden cladding x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xWater barrier x x x x x xXPS insulation board 60 mm x xInsulating wood fibre board 22 mm x x x xInsulating wood fibre board 35 mm x x x xInsulating wood fibre board 80 mm x x x xBituminous wood fibre board 18 mm x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xOSB3 board 15 mm x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xInsulating wood fibre board 50 mm x x x xSupport structure for gypsum board x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xGypsum board 12.5 mm x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xPainting on gypsum plasterboard x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Wall types

Note: TF= timber frame, TI= thermal insulation, S = studs and I = I-joists. The first numbers after the letters refer to the thickness (cm), 40 or 60 refers to the center to centre distance (cm) and w means window openings included.

Table S2: Composition of analyzed roofs, including R-values.

PIR

14

PUR

18

ston

e w

ool 1

2 - P

UR

20

cellu

lose

30

- PIR

10

R-value wall (m²K/W) 6.09

7.62

10.3

5

11.7

1TF I30 x x x xTI PIR 14 xTI PUR 18 xTI stone wool 12 xTI PUR 20 xTI cellulose 30 xTI PIR 10 xRoofing membrane x x x xVapor felt x x x xOSB board 18 mm x x x xSloping layer x x x xSupport structure for gypsum board x x x xGypsum board 12.5 mm x x x xPainting on gypsum plasterboard x x x xNote: TF= timber frame, TI= thermal insulation and I = I-joists. The first numbers after the letters refer to the thickness (cm).

Roof types

Table S3: Life-cycle inventory of production stage: timber frame - solid studs.

Ecoinvent record based on Thickness (mm)

λ (W/mK) Unit Ecoinvent

Unit Ecoinvent /

FU (m²)

TF S14.5 - 40 145Wooden top/bottom rail Belgian mix, hardwood, structural work, dried (u=10%), planed [BE, imported]| production| Alloc Rec, U 0.130 m³ 0.008

Wooden studs Belgian mix, softwood, structural work, dried (u=10%), planed [BE, imported]| production | Alloc Rec, U 0.130 m³ 0.016Wood preservative top/bottom rail Wood preservation for Belgian Timber Frame Construction [RER| Alloc Rec, U * / kg 0.051

Wood preservative studs Wood preservation for Belgian Timber Frame Construction [RER| Alloc Rec, U * / kg 0.112Nails Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production| Alloc Rec, U / kg 0.053

TF S14.5 - 40w 145Wooden top/bottom rail Belgian mix, hardwood, structural work, dried (u=10%), planed [BE, imported]| production| Alloc Rec, U 0.130 m³ 0.009
























Notes:

Tim

ber

fram

e: S

olid

stu

ds

General The datasets refer to MMG records which are based on Ecoinvent v3.2. Some adaptations were made to the Ecoinvent data in MMG to make them more representative for the Belgian context. .........For details of adaptation see (Debacker, 2012). The names of the datasets in the tables are therefore not always exactly identical to these of Ecoinvent........* Adapted as described in paragraph 2.2.1

Table S4: Life-cycle inventory of production stage: timber frame- I-joists.



Unit Ecoinvent /

FU (m²)

TF I16 - 40 160LVL Laminated timber element, transversally prestressed, for outdoor use {RER}| laminated timber element

production, for outdoor use | Alloc Rec, U0.130 m³ 0.009

OSB board Oriented strand board [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 0.130 m³ 0.002Wood glue Polyurethane, adhesive [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / kg 0.057

LVL top/bottom rail Laminated timber element, transversally prestressed, for outdoor use {RER}| laminated timber element production, for outdoor use | Alloc Rec, U

0.130 m³ 0.008

Nails Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / kg 0.053TF I16 - 40w 160

LVL Laminated timber element, transversally prestressed, for outdoor use {RER}| laminated timber element production, for outdoor use | Alloc Rec, U

0.130 m³ 0.012



0.130 m³ 0.010

Nails Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / kg 0.106TF I16 - 60 160


0.130m³ 0.006



0.130m³ 0.008



0.130 m³ 0.009



0.130 m³ 0.010

Nails Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U kg 0.089TF I20 - 40 200


0.130 m³ 0.009



0.130 m³ 0.010



0.130 m³ 0.009



0.130 m³ 0.012



0.130 m³ 0.013



0.130 m³ 0.016



0.130 m³ 0.006



0.130 m³ 0.012



0.130 m³ 0.010



0.130 m³ 0.016

Nails Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / kg 0.089

Note: The datasets refer to MMG records which are based on Ecoinvent v3.2. Some adaptations were made to the Ecoinvent data in MMG to make them more representative for the Belgian context. For details of adaptation see (Debacker, 2012). The names of the datasets in the tables are therefore not always exactly identical to these of Ecoinvent.......

Tim

ber

fram

e: I-

jois

ts

Table S5: Life-cycle inventory of production stage: insulation in between studs and I-joists.



Unit Ecoinvent /

FU (m²)

TI S14.5 - 40 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 145 0.032 kg 4.239TI S14.5 - 40w - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 145 0.032 kg 3.858TI S14.5 - 60 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 145 0.032 kg 4.417TI S14.5 - 60w - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 145 0.032 kg 4.035TI S19.5 - 40 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 195 0.032 kg 5.700TI S24.5 - 40 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 245 0.032 kg 7.162TI S24.5 - 40w - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 245 0.032 kg 6.519TI S24.5 - 60 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 245 0.032 kg 7.464TI S24.5 - 60w - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U 245 0.032 kg 6.817TI I16 - 40 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 160 0.032 kg 5.169TI I16 - 40w - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 160 0.032 kg 4.993TI I16 - 60 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 160 0.032 kg 5.212TI I16 - 60w - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 160 0.032 kg 5.042TI I16 - 60w - stone wool Rock wool, packed [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U* 160 0.037 kg 5.042TI I16 - 60w - cellulose Cellulose fibre [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 160 0.039 kg 6.230TI I16 - 60w - wood wool Wood wool [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 160 0.038 kg 6.230TI I20 - 40 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 200 0.032 kg 6.461TI I24 - 40 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 240 0.032 kg 7.753TI I24 - 40w - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 240 0.032 kg 7.489TI I24 - 60 - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 240 0.032 kg 7.819TI I24 - 60w - glass wool Glass wool mat [RER]| production, Saint-Gobain ISOVER SA | Alloc Rec, U* 240 0.032 kg 7.563

Notes: General The datasets refer to MMG records which are based on Ecoinvent v3.2. Some adaptations were made to the Ecoinvent data in MMG to make them more representative for the Belgian context. .........For details of adaptation see (Debacker, 2012). The names of the datasets in the tables are therefore not always exactly identical to these of Ecoinvent........* Placed in 3 layers

Insu

latio

n in

bet

wee

n I-

jois

ts

Insu

latio

n in

bet

wee

n st

uds

Table S6: Life-cycle inventory of production stage: finishing materials walls.



Unit Ecoinvent /

FU (m²)

Wooden claddingWooden cladding 22 mm Wood cladding, softwood [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 22 / m² 1.000

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.025Support structure for wooden cladding

Wooden battens Belgian mix, softwood, laths, dried (u=10%), planed [BE, imported]| production 38*38, c.t.c. 60 / m³ 0.003Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.028

Water barrier Waterproof course, 100% HPDE [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 0.22 / kg 0.198XPS insulation board 60 mm

XPS Polystyrene, extruded {RER}| polystyrene production, extruded, CO2 blown | Alloc Rec, U 6 0.035 kg 1.500Insulating wood fibre board 22 mm

Wood fibre board Fibreboard, soft, latex bonded [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 22 0.038 m³ 0.022Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.021

Insulating wood fibre board 35 mmWood fibre board Fibreboard, soft, latex bonded [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 35 0.038 m³ 0.035

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.027Insulating wood fibre board 50 mm

Wood fibre board Fibreboard, soft, latex bonded [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 50 0.038 m³ 0.050Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.039

Insulating wood fibre board 80 mmWood fibre board Fibreboard, soft, latex bonded [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 80 0.038 m³ 0.080

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.086Bituminous wood fibre board 18 mm

Bituminous wood fibre board Fibreboard, soft, bitumised [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 18 0.05 m³ 0.018Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.019

OSB board 15 mmOSB board Oriented strand board [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 15 0.13 m³ 0.015

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production / / kg 0.021Support structure for gypsum board

Wooden battens Belgian mix, softwood, laths, dried (u=10%), planed [BE, imported]| production 22*47 0.13 m³ 0.002Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.044

Gypsum board 12.5 mmGypsum plaster board Gypsum plasterboard [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 12.5 / kg 10.500

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.020Screw and joint filler Gypsum putty [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.100

Painting on gypsum plasterboard Alkyd paint, white, without water, in 60% solution state, on plaster {RER}| alkyd paint production, white, water-based, product in 60% solution state | Alloc Rec, U

/ / kg 0.450

Note: The datasets refer to MMG records which are based on Ecoinvent v3.2. Some adaptations were made to the Ecoinvent data in MMG to make them more representative for the Belgian context. For details of adaptation see (Debacker, 2012). The names of the datasets in the tables are therefore not always exactly identical to these of Ecoinvent........

Table S7: Life-cycle inventory of production stage: roof.

Record Ecoinvent Thickness (mm)


Unit Ecoinvent /

FU (m²)

TF I30 300LVL Laminated timber element, transversally prestressed, for outdoor use {RER}| laminated timber element

production, for outdoor use | Alloc Rec, U/ 0.130 m³ 0.013

OSB board Oriented strand board [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / 0.130 m³ 0.006Wood glue Synthetic rubber [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.066

Nails Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.023TI PUR 18

PUR board Polyurethane, rigid foam [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 180 0.026 kg 5.400Bituminous glass-fiber felt Bituminous glass fibre felt [RER]|production | Alloc Rec, U / / m² 2.000

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.019TI stone wool 12 Rock wool, packed [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 120 0.037 kg 3.229TI PUR 20

PUR board Polyurethane, rigid foam [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 200 0.026 kg 6.000Bituminous glass-fiber felt Bituminous glass fibre felt [RER]|production | Alloc Rec, U / / m² 2.000

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.019TI cellulose 30 Cellulose fibre [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 300 0.039 kg 12.685TI PIR 10

PIR board Polyisocyanurate, PIR insulation [RER]| production 100 0.026 kg 3.000Bituminous glass-fiber felt Bituminous glass fibre felt [RER]|production | Alloc Rec, U / / m² 2.000

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.019Roofing membrane

EPDM EPDM roofing [RER]| Alloc Rec, U 1.1 0.170 kg 1.380Butyl-based glue Butyl acrylate [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.300

Vapor feltPolyethylene vapor-tight foil Air-tight foil, 50% PP + 50% LDPE [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 0.2 / kg 0.198

Staples Steel, unalloyed [RER]| steel production, converter, unalloyed | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.020OSB board 18 mm

OSB board Oriented strand board [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 18 0.130 m³ 0.018Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.021

Sloping layerWooden elements with slope Belgian mix, softwood, structural work, dried (u=10%), planed [BE, imported]| production / / m³ 0.003

Wood preservative Wood preservation for Belgian Timber Frame Construction [RER| Alloc Rec, U * / / kg 0.019Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.025

Support structure for gypsum boardWooden battens Belgian mix, softwood, laths, dried (u=10%), planed [BE, imported]| production 22*47 / m³ 0.002

Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.044Gypsum board 12.5 mm

Gypsum plaster board Gypsum plasterboard [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U 12.5 / kg 10.500Screws Chromium steel, screws [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.028

Screw and joint filler Gypsum putty [RER]| production | Alloc Rec, U / / kg 0.100Painting on gypsum plasterboard Alkyd paint, white, without water, in 60% solution state, on plaster {RER}| alkyd paint production, white,

water-based, product in 60% solution state | Alloc Rec, U / /kg 0.450

Note: The datasets refer to MMG records which are based on Ecoinvent v3.2. Some adaptations were made to the Ecoinvent data in MMG to make them more representative for the Belgian context. For details of adaptation see (Debacker, 2012). The names of the datasets in the tables are therefore not always exactly identical to these of Ecoinvent.* Adapted as described in paragraph 2.2.1.* Adapted as described in paragraph 2.2.1.....

Table S8: Inventory of the transportation to construction site.

Material categories

Prefab products (Hardwood, softwood, LVL) 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100 100 35 0.10 0.00 0.00Loose products (OSB, nails, roofing, vapor and water felt) 40% 60% 100% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 85% 15% 0% 100 100 35 0.06 0.01 0.00Insulation materials 40% 60% 100% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 85% 15% 0% 125 125 35 0.07 0.01 0.00Finishing products: gyspum plaster board 40% 60% 50% 50% 0% 100% 0% 0% 50% 50% 0% 100 100 35 0.03 0.05 0.00Finishing products: paint 10% 90% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 80% 20% 100 100 35 0.00 0.08 0.01

light duty truck

(<7.5 ton)

from dealer to

site[km]

light duty truck

(<7.5 ton)

heavy duty truck

(> 16 ton)

medium duty truck

(7.5 -16 ton)

Transport from factory to dealerheavy duty

truck (> 16 ton)

medium duty truck

(7.5 -16 ton)

Distribution by type of route Distribution by type of vehicle Total transport distances Number of tkm per type of vehicle

transport from factory

to site

transport from factory to dealer +

from dealer to site

Transport from factory to site Transport from dealer to site from factory to site [km]

from factory

to dealer[km]

heavy duty truck [tkm]

medium duty truck [tkm]

light duty truck[tkm]

heavy duty truck

(> 16 ton)

medium duty truck

(7.5 -16 ton)

light duty truck

(<7.5 ton)

Table S9: Total life-cycle energy impact for each of the building elements, expressed in euro per m² building element.

Name element Euro/m² elementS14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 11.00S14.5 (XPS) - c.t.c. 40 8.34S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 + windows 12.08S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 10.45S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows 11.59S19.5 - c.t.c. 40 9.97S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 8.23S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 + windows 9.28S24.5 - c.t.c. 60 7.72S24.5 - c.t.c. 60 + windows 8.80I16 - c.t.c. 40 9.47I16 (XPS) - c.t.c. 40 6.83I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 6.73I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 + windows 6.86I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 6.59I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows 6.71I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - glass wool 7.10I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - stone wool 7.12I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - cellulose 7.95I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - wood wool 8.06I20 - c.t.c. 40 7.74I24 - c.t.c. 40 6.55I24 - c.t.c. 40 + windows 6.71I24 - c.t.c. 60 6.39I24 - c.t.c. 60 + windows 6.55

Note: EIheating considered = 0.0069 euro/MJ

Table S10: Overview of West-European monetary central values for the CEN indicators (De Nocker and Debacker, 2015).

CEN indicators Unit Euro/UnitGlobal warming kg CO2 eqv. 0.1Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer kg CFC-11 eqv. 49.1Acidification of soil and water kg SO2 eqv. 0.43Eutrophication freshwater and marine kg (PO4)3- eqv. 20Photochemical oxidant formation kg ethane eqv. 0.48Abiotic depletion of non-fossil resourcesAbiotic depletion of fossil resources

kg Sb eqv.MJ, net calorific value

1.560

Table S11: Overview of West-European monetary central values for the CEN+ indicators (De Nocker and Debacker, 2015).

CEN indicators Unit Euro/UnitHuman toxicity, cancer Human toxicity, non-cancer effects

CTUhCTUh

665109144081

Particulate matter formation kg PM2.5 eq. 34Ionising radiation

human health ecosystems

kg U235 eq.CTUe (per kBq)

9.7E-043.7E-05

Ecotoxicity (freshwater) CTUe 3.7E-05Land use occupation: soil organic matterLand use occupation: biodiversity

Agricultural Forest Urban

kg C deficit

m2.am2.am2.a

2.7E-06

6.0E-032.2E-04 0.30

Land use transformation: soil organic matter Land use transformation biodiversity

Tropical rain forestWater scarcity

kg C deficit

m²m3 water eq.

2.7E-06

/0.067

Table S12: Characterized environmental values for energy use per m² wall composition and per impact indicator.

CEN

kg CO2 eq kg CFC-11 eq

kg SO2 eq kg (PO4)3- eq

kg Ethene eq

kg SB eq MJ, net calorific value

CTUh CTUh kg PM2,5 eq

kg U235 eq

CTUe (per kBq)

CTUe m3 water eq

kg C deficit PDF*m²yr m²yr m²yr m²yr kg C deficit PDF*m²yr m²yr m²yr m²yr m²yr

S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 9.69E+01 8.16E-06 3.09E-01 7.51E-03 2.11E-02 9.81E-06 1.76E+03 2.27E-07 1.45E-06 1.85E-02 6.92E-01 5.35E-06 3.22E+01 1.08E-02 1.68E+00 9.42E-02 6.87E-02 1.30E-03 3.18E-01 6.98E+01 1.30E-01 5.57E-03 1.21E-03 -1.17E-02 0.00E+00S14.5 (XPS) - c.t.c. 40 7.35E+01 6.19E-06 2.34E-01 5.69E-03 1.60E-02 7.44E-06 1.33E+03 1.72E-07 1.10E-06 1.40E-02 5.25E-01 4.06E-06 2.44E+01 8.20E-03 1.28E+00 7.14E-02 5.21E-02 9.82E-04 2.41E-01 5.29E+01 9.87E-02 4.22E-03 9.17E-04 -8.86E-03 0.00E+00I16 - c.t.c. 40 8.34E+01 7.02E-06 2.66E-01 6.46E-03 1.82E-02 8.45E-06 1.51E+03 1.96E-07 1.25E-06 1.59E-02 5.96E-01 4.61E-06 2.77E+01 9.31E-03 1.45E+00 8.11E-02 5.91E-02 1.11E-03 2.74E-01 6.01E+01 1.12E-01 4.79E-03 1.04E-03 -1.01E-02 0.00E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 5.93E+01 4.99E-06 1.89E-01 4.59E-03 1.29E-02 6.00E-06 1.07E+03 1.39E-07 8.86E-07 1.13E-02 4.23E-01 3.27E-06 1.97E+01 6.62E-03 1.03E+00 5.76E-02 4.20E-02 7.92E-04 1.95E-01 4.27E+01 7.96E-02 3.41E-03 7.40E-04 -7.15E-03 0.00E+00I16 (XPS) - c.t.c. 40 6.02E+01 5.07E-06 1.92E-01 4.66E-03 1.31E-02 6.09E-06 1.09E+03 1.41E-07 8.99E-07 1.15E-02 4.30E-01 3.32E-06 2.00E+01 6.71E-03 1.05E+00 5.85E-02 4.26E-02 8.04E-04 1.98E-01 4.33E+01 8.08E-02 3.46E-03 7.51E-04 -7.26E-03 0.00E+00S19.5 - c.t.c. 40 8.78E+01 7.40E-06 2.80E-01 6.80E-03 1.91E-02 8.90E-06 1.59E+03 2.06E-07 1.31E-06 1.68E-02 6.27E-01 4.85E-06 2.92E+01 9.80E-03 1.53E+00 8.54E-02 6.23E-02 1.17E-03 2.89E-01 6.33E+01 1.18E-01 5.05E-03 1.10E-03 -1.06E-02 0.00E+00I20 - c.t.c. 40 6.82E+01 5.74E-06 2.17E-01 5.28E-03 1.49E-02 6.91E-06 1.24E+03 1.60E-07 1.02E-06 1.30E-02 4.87E-01 3.77E-06 2.27E+01 7.61E-03 1.19E+00 6.63E-02 4.83E-02 9.12E-04 2.24E-01 4.91E+01 9.16E-02 3.92E-03 8.52E-04 -8.23E-03 0.00E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 7.25E+01 6.11E-06 2.31E-01 5.62E-03 1.58E-02 7.34E-06 1.31E+03 1.70E-07 1.08E-06 1.38E-02 5.18E-01 4.01E-06 2.41E+01 8.09E-03 1.26E+00 7.05E-02 5.14E-02 9.69E-04 2.38E-01 5.22E+01 9.74E-02 4.17E-03 9.05E-04 -8.75E-03 0.00E+00I24 - c.t.c. 40 5.77E+01 4.86E-06 1.84E-01 4.47E-03 1.26E-02 5.84E-06 1.05E+03 1.35E-07 8.63E-07 1.10E-02 4.12E-01 3.19E-06 1.92E+01 6.44E-03 1.00E+00 5.61E-02 4.09E-02 7.71E-04 1.90E-01 4.16E+01 7.75E-02 3.32E-03 7.20E-04 -6.96E-03 0.00E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 9.69E+01 8.16E-06 3.09E-01 7.51E-03 2.11E-02 9.81E-06 1.76E+03 2.27E-07 1.45E-06 1.85E-02 6.92E-01 5.35E-06 3.22E+01 1.08E-02 1.68E+00 9.42E-02 6.87E-02 1.30E-03 3.18E-01 6.98E+01 1.30E-01 5.57E-03 1.21E-03 -1.17E-02 0.00E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 + windows 1.06E+02 8.96E-06 3.39E-01 8.25E-03 2.32E-02 1.08E-05 1.93E+03 2.50E-07 1.59E-06 2.03E-02 7.60E-01 5.88E-06 3.54E+01 1.19E-02 1.85E+00 1.03E-01 7.54E-02 1.42E-03 3.50E-01 7.67E+01 1.43E-01 6.12E-03 1.33E-03 -1.28E-02 0.00E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 9.21E+01 7.76E-06 2.93E-01 7.13E-03 2.01E-02 9.33E-06 1.67E+03 2.16E-07 1.38E-06 1.76E-02 6.58E-01 5.09E-06 3.06E+01 1.03E-02 1.60E+00 8.95E-02 6.53E-02 1.23E-03 3.03E-01 6.63E+01 1.24E-01 5.29E-03 1.15E-03 -1.11E-02 0.00E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows 1.02E+02 8.60E-06 3.25E-01 7.91E-03 2.22E-02 1.03E-05 1.85E+03 2.40E-07 1.53E-06 1.95E-02 7.29E-01 5.64E-06 3.39E+01 1.14E-02 1.77E+00 9.93E-02 7.24E-02 1.36E-03 3.35E-01 7.36E+01 1.37E-01 5.87E-03 1.28E-03 -1.23E-02 0.00E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 5.93E+01 4.99E-06 1.89E-01 4.59E-03 1.29E-02 6.00E-06 1.07E+03 1.39E-07 8.86E-07 1.13E-02 4.23E-01 3.27E-06 1.97E+01 6.62E-03 1.03E+00 5.76E-02 4.20E-02 7.92E-04 1.95E-01 4.27E+01 7.96E-02 3.41E-03 7.40E-04 -7.15E-03 0.00E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 + windows 6.04E+01 5.09E-06 1.92E-01 4.68E-03 1.32E-02 6.12E-06 1.09E+03 1.42E-07 9.03E-07 1.15E-02 4.31E-01 3.34E-06 2.01E+01 6.74E-03 1.05E+00 5.87E-02 4.28E-02 8.07E-04 1.98E-01 4.35E+01 8.11E-02 3.47E-03 7.54E-04 -7.29E-03 0.00E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 5.81E+01 4.89E-06 1.85E-01 4.50E-03 1.26E-02 5.88E-06 1.05E+03 1.36E-07 8.68E-07 1.11E-02 4.15E-01 3.21E-06 1.93E+01 6.48E-03 1.01E+00 5.65E-02 4.12E-02 7.76E-04 1.91E-01 4.18E+01 7.80E-02 3.34E-03 7.25E-04 -7.01E-03 0.00E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows 5.91E+01 4.98E-06 1.88E-01 4.58E-03 1.29E-02 5.99E-06 1.07E+03 1.39E-07 8.84E-07 1.13E-02 4.22E-01 3.27E-06 1.96E+01 6.60E-03 1.03E+00 5.75E-02 4.19E-02 7.90E-04 1.94E-01 4.26E+01 7.94E-02 3.40E-03 7.38E-04 -7.13E-03 0.00E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 7.25E+01 6.11E-06 2.31E-01 5.62E-03 1.58E-02 7.34E-06 1.31E+03 1.70E-07 1.08E-06 1.38E-02 5.18E-01 4.01E-06 2.41E+01 8.09E-03 1.26E+00 7.05E-02 5.14E-02 9.69E-04 2.38E-01 5.22E+01 9.74E-02 4.17E-03 9.05E-04 -8.75E-03 0.00E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 + windows 8.18E+01 6.89E-06 2.60E-01 6.33E-03 1.78E-02 8.28E-06 1.48E+03 1.92E-07 1.22E-06 1.56E-02 5.84E-01 4.52E-06 2.72E+01 9.13E-03 1.42E+00 7.95E-02 5.80E-02 1.09E-03 2.69E-01 5.89E+01 1.10E-01 4.70E-03 1.02E-03 -9.87E-03 0.00E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 60 6.80E+01 5.73E-06 2.17E-01 5.27E-03 1.48E-02 6.89E-06 1.23E+03 1.60E-07 1.02E-06 1.30E-02 4.86E-01 3.76E-06 2.26E+01 7.59E-03 1.18E+00 6.61E-02 4.82E-02 9.09E-04 2.23E-01 4.90E+01 9.14E-02 3.91E-03 8.49E-04 -8.21E-03 0.00E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 60 + windows 7.75E+01 6.53E-06 2.47E-01 6.01E-03 1.69E-02 7.85E-06 1.41E+03 1.82E-07 1.16E-06 1.48E-02 5.54E-01 4.28E-06 2.58E+01 8.65E-03 1.35E+00 7.54E-02 5.49E-02 1.04E-03 2.55E-01 5.59E+01 1.04E-01 4.46E-03 9.68E-04 -9.35E-03 0.00E+00I24 - c.t.c. 40 5.77E+01 4.86E-06 1.84E-01 4.47E-03 1.26E-02 5.84E-06 1.05E+03 1.35E-07 8.63E-07 1.10E-02 4.12E-01 3.19E-06 1.92E+01 6.44E-03 1.00E+00 5.61E-02 4.09E-02 7.71E-04 1.90E-01 4.16E+01 7.75E-02 3.32E-03 7.20E-04 -6.96E-03 0.00E+00I24 - c.t.c. 40 + windows 5.92E+01 4.98E-06 1.88E-01 4.58E-03 1.29E-02 5.99E-06 1.07E+03 1.39E-07 8.85E-07 1.13E-02 4.23E-01 3.27E-06 1.97E+01 6.60E-03 1.03E+00 5.75E-02 4.19E-02 7.91E-04 1.94E-01 4.26E+01 7.95E-02 3.40E-03 7.39E-04 -7.14E-03 0.00E+00I24 - c.t.c. 60 5.63E+01 4.74E-06 1.79E-01 4.36E-03 1.23E-02 5.71E-06 1.02E+03 1.32E-07 8.42E-07 1.08E-02 4.02E-01 3.11E-06 1.87E+01 6.29E-03 9.79E-01 5.48E-02 3.99E-02 7.53E-04 1.85E-01 4.06E+01 7.57E-02 3.24E-03 7.03E-04 -6.80E-03 0.00E+00I24 - c.t.c. 60 + windows 5.77E+01 4.86E-06 1.84E-01 4.47E-03 1.26E-02 5.84E-06 1.05E+03 1.35E-07 8.62E-07 1.10E-02 4.12E-01 3.19E-06 1.92E+01 6.44E-03 1.00E+00 5.61E-02 4.09E-02 7.71E-04 1.89E-01 4.16E+01 7.75E-02 3.31E-03 7.20E-04 -6.96E-03 0.00E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows 5.91E+01 4.98E-06 1.88E-01 4.58E-03 1.29E-02 5.99E-06 1.07E+03 1.39E-07 8.84E-07 1.13E-02 4.22E-01 3.27E-06 1.96E+01 6.60E-03 1.03E+00 5.75E-02 4.19E-02 7.90E-04 1.94E-01 4.26E+01 7.94E-02 3.40E-03 7.38E-04 -7.13E-03 0.00E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - glass wool 6.25E+01 5.27E-06 1.99E-01 4.84E-03 1.36E-02 6.33E-06 1.13E+03 1.47E-07 9.35E-07 1.19E-02 4.47E-01 3.45E-06 2.08E+01 6.98E-03 1.09E+00 6.08E-02 4.43E-02 8.36E-04 2.05E-01 4.50E+01 8.40E-02 3.59E-03 7.81E-04 -7.54E-03 0.00E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - stone wool 6.27E+01 5.28E-06 2.00E-01 4.86E-03 1.37E-02 6.35E-06 1.14E+03 1.47E-07 9.38E-07 1.20E-02 4.48E-01 3.46E-06 2.08E+01 7.00E-03 1.09E+00 6.10E-02 4.45E-02 8.38E-04 2.06E-01 4.52E+01 8.42E-02 3.60E-03 7.83E-04 -7.57E-03 0.00E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - cellulose 7.00E+01 5.90E-06 2.23E-01 5.42E-03 1.52E-02 7.09E-06 1.27E+03 1.64E-07 1.05E-06 1.34E-02 5.00E-01 3.87E-06 2.33E+01 7.81E-03 1.22E+00 6.81E-02 4.96E-02 9.36E-04 2.30E-01 5.04E+01 9.40E-02 4.02E-03 8.74E-04 -8.45E-03 0.00E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - wood wool 7.10E+01 5.98E-06 2.26E-01 5.50E-03 1.55E-02 7.19E-06 1.29E+03 1.67E-07 1.06E-06 1.36E-02 5.07E-01 3.92E-06 2.36E+01 7.92E-03 1.23E+00 6.90E-02 5.03E-02 9.49E-04 2.33E-01 5.11E+01 9.53E-02 4.08E-03 8.86E-04 -8.57E-03 0.00E+00

NAME WALL COMPOSITION

ENERGY USECEN+

Ionising radiation - ecosystem

s

Global warming

Ozone depletion

Acidification for soil

and water

Eutrophication

Photochemical oxidant formation

Depletion of abiotic

resources - elements


resources - fossil fuels

Human toxicity - cancer effects

Human toxicity -

non-cancer effects

Particulate matter

Ionising radiation -

human health effects

Land use: transformati

on, biodiversity -

forest

Ecotoxicity: freshwater

Water scarcity

Land use: occupation, soil organic

matter

Land use: occupation, biodiversity

- all


- urban


- agricultural

Land use: occupation

, biodiversity

- forest

Land use: transformat

ion, soil organic matter


ion, biodiversity

- all


ion, biodiversity

- urban


ion, biodiversity

- agricultural


on, biodiversity -

tropical rainforest

Table S13: Characterized environmental values for material use per m² wall composition and per impact indicator.



kg Ethene eq



kg U235 eq CTUe (per kBq)

CTUe m3 water eq

kg C deficit PDF*m²yr m²yr m²yr m²yr kg C deficit PDF*m²yr m²yr m²yr m²yr m²yr

S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 7.97E+01 9.86E-06 4.55E-01 7.16E-02 2.72E-02 2.92E-04 1.30E+03 3.46E-06 1.20E-05 1.08E-01 5.21E+00 4.00E-05 1.49E+02 1.44E-01 1.89E+03 1.06E+02 1.12E+01 5.91E-01 8.69E+02 5.99E+02 -3.60E+01 1.22E-01 -1.13E+00 -8.79E-02 2.13E-02S14.5 (XPS) - c.t.c. 40 9.97E+01 1.00E-05 4.84E-01 7.41E-02 3.16E-02 2.96E-04 1.55E+03 3.56E-06 1.17E-05 1.10E-01 5.35E+00 4.10E-05 1.64E+02 1.61E-01 1.88E+03 1.05E+02 1.12E+01 5.90E-01 8.66E+02 5.99E+02 -3.60E+01 1.22E-01 -1.13E+00 -8.78E-02 2.12E-02I16 - c.t.c. 40 7.71E+01 9.41E-06 4.36E-01 7.07E-02 2.60E-02 3.01E-04 1.25E+03 4.06E-06 1.14E-05 9.42E-02 4.98E+00 3.83E-05 1.47E+02 1.25E-01 1.81E+03 1.01E+02 1.10E+01 5.87E-01 8.32E+02 5.93E+02 -3.59E+01 1.22E-01 -1.12E+00 -8.82E-02 7.48E-02I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 1.13E+02 1.26E-05 6.39E-01 9.53E-02 3.64E-02 3.51E-04 1.88E+03 4.59E-06 1.76E-05 1.28E-01 7.29E+00 5.62E-05 1.71E+02 3.68E-01 1.88E+03 1.05E+02 1.17E+01 5.97E-01 8.60E+02 6.38E+02 -3.61E+01 1.27E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.14E-02 8.77E+00I16 (XPS) - c.t.c. 40 1.02E+02 1.01E-05 4.94E-01 7.66E-02 3.19E-02 3.13E-04 1.59E+03 4.25E-06 1.19E-05 1.01E-01 5.44E+00 4.18E-05 1.66E+02 1.75E-01 1.82E+03 1.01E+02 1.11E+01 5.88E-01 8.33E+02 6.00E+02 -3.59E+01 1.22E-01 -1.13E+00 -8.85E-02 7.48E-02S19.5 - c.t.c. 40 7.94E+01 1.00E-05 4.55E-01 7.32E-02 2.75E-02 3.00E-04 1.29E+03 3.60E-06 1.16E-05 1.11E-01 5.30E+00 4.06E-05 1.54E+02 1.22E-01 1.96E+03 1.10E+02 1.16E+01 5.94E-01 9.03E+02 6.14E+02 -3.61E+01 1.26E-01 -1.13E+00 -9.01E-02 2.15E-02I20 - c.t.c. 40 8.07E+01 9.81E-06 4.57E-01 7.45E-02 2.72E-02 3.13E-04 1.31E+03 4.33E-06 1.17E-05 9.68E-02 5.28E+00 4.06E-05 1.53E+02 1.37E-01 1.84E+03 1.03E+02 1.12E+01 5.89E-01 8.44E+02 6.03E+02 -3.59E+01 1.23E-01 -1.13E+00 -8.93E-02 8.34E-02S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 8.41E+01 1.06E-05 4.84E-01 7.82E-02 2.93E-02 3.15E-04 1.36E+03 3.84E-06 1.21E-05 1.18E-01 5.70E+00 4.37E-05 1.62E+02 1.34E-01 2.05E+03 1.14E+02 1.20E+01 5.98E-01 9.41E+02 6.37E+02 -3.62E+01 1.30E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.26E-02 2.15E-02I24 - c.t.c. 40 8.43E+01 1.02E-05 4.78E-01 7.83E-02 2.84E-02 3.26E-04 1.37E+03 4.60E-06 1.21E-05 9.94E-02 5.58E+00 4.29E-05 1.58E+02 1.49E-01 1.87E+03 1.04E+02 1.13E+01 5.91E-01 8.56E+02 6.14E+02 -3.60E+01 1.25E-01 -1.13E+00 -9.04E-02 9.20E-02S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 8.47E+01 1.03E-05 4.83E-01 7.50E-02 2.86E-02 3.01E-04 1.39E+03 3.55E-06 1.29E-05 1.13E-01 5.53E+00 4.25E-05 1.53E+02 1.77E-01 1.90E+03 1.06E+02 1.13E+01 5.92E-01 8.72E+02 6.05E+02 -3.61E+01 1.23E-01 -1.13E+00 -8.84E-02 2.41E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 + windows 8.63E+01 1.06E-05 4.93E-01 7.64E-02 2.96E-02 3.17E-04 1.41E+03 3.68E-06 1.33E-05 1.19E-01 5.62E+00 4.31E-05 1.59E+02 1.73E-01 2.00E+03 1.11E+02 1.18E+01 5.97E-01 9.17E+02 6.30E+02 -3.61E+01 1.28E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.19E-02 2.41E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 8.41E+01 1.02E-05 4.79E-01 7.44E-02 2.82E-02 2.94E-04 1.38E+03 3.52E-06 1.27E-05 1.10E-01 5.50E+00 4.22E-05 1.50E+02 1.79E-01 1.86E+03 1.04E+02 1.11E+01 5.90E-01 8.55E+02 5.93E+02 -3.61E+01 1.20E-01 -1.13E+00 -8.64E-02 2.41E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows 8.57E+01 1.05E-05 4.89E-01 7.59E-02 2.92E-02 3.11E-04 1.40E+03 3.64E-06 1.31E-05 1.17E-01 5.59E+00 4.29E-05 1.57E+02 1.75E-01 1.96E+03 1.09E+02 1.16E+01 5.95E-01 9.00E+02 6.18E+02 -3.61E+01 1.26E-01 -1.13E+00 -9.00E-02 2.41E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 1.13E+02 1.26E-05 6.39E-01 9.53E-02 3.64E-02 3.51E-04 1.88E+03 4.59E-06 1.76E-05 1.28E-01 7.29E+00 5.62E-05 1.71E+02 3.68E-01 1.88E+03 1.05E+02 1.17E+01 5.97E-01 8.60E+02 6.38E+02 -3.61E+01 1.27E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.14E-02 8.77E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 + windows 1.15E+02 1.28E-05 6.47E-01 9.68E-02 3.71E-02 3.70E-04 1.91E+03 4.91E-06 1.80E-05 1.31E-01 7.35E+00 5.66E-05 1.76E+02 3.68E-01 1.93E+03 1.08E+02 1.20E+01 6.00E-01 8.84E+02 6.55E+02 -3.62E+01 1.30E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.37E-02 8.78E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 1.12E+02 1.26E-05 6.33E-01 9.44E-02 3.60E-02 3.43E-04 1.87E+03 4.45E-06 1.74E-05 1.27E-01 7.25E+00 5.59E-05 1.69E+02 3.67E-01 1.85E+03 1.03E+02 1.15E+01 5.95E-01 8.46E+02 6.29E+02 -3.61E+01 1.25E-01 -1.13E+00 -9.02E-02 8.76E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows 1.14E+02 1.27E-05 6.41E-01 9.57E-02 3.66E-02 3.61E-04 1.89E+03 4.76E-06 1.77E-05 1.29E-01 7.30E+00 5.63E-05 1.73E+02 3.67E-01 1.90E+03 1.06E+02 1.18E+01 5.98E-01 8.69E+02 6.45E+02 -3.62E+01 1.28E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.24E-02 8.77E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 8.41E+01 1.06E-05 4.84E-01 7.82E-02 2.93E-02 3.15E-04 1.36E+03 3.84E-06 1.21E-05 1.18E-01 5.70E+00 4.37E-05 1.62E+02 1.34E-01 2.05E+03 1.14E+02 1.20E+01 5.98E-01 9.41E+02 6.37E+02 -3.62E+01 1.30E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.26E-02 2.15E-02S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 + windows 8.65E+01 1.10E-05 5.00E-01 8.05E-02 3.07E-02 3.36E-04 1.40E+03 3.94E-06 1.27E-05 1.29E-01 5.83E+00 4.47E-05 1.71E+02 1.27E-01 2.21E+03 1.23E+02 1.28E+01 6.06E-01 1.02E+03 6.79E+02 -3.63E+01 1.39E-01 -1.15E+00 -9.86E-02 2.17E-02S24.5 - c.t.c. 60 8.31E+01 1.04E-05 4.78E-01 7.73E-02 2.87E-02 3.07E-04 1.35E+03 3.81E-06 1.18E-05 1.14E-01 5.65E+00 4.34E-05 1.58E+02 1.37E-01 1.98E+03 1.11E+02 1.16E+01 5.95E-01 9.11E+02 6.16E+02 -3.62E+01 1.26E-01 -1.14E+00 -8.94E-02 2.14E-02S24.5 - c.t.c. 60 + windows 8.55E+01 1.08E-05 4.94E-01 7.96E-02 3.01E-02 3.28E-04 1.39E+03 3.92E-06 1.25E-05 1.25E-01 5.78E+00 4.43E-05 1.67E+02 1.30E-01 2.14E+03 1.20E+02 1.25E+01 6.03E-01 9.87E+02 6.59E+02 -3.63E+01 1.35E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.54E-02 2.16E-02I24 - c.t.c. 40 8.43E+01 1.02E-05 4.78E-01 7.83E-02 2.84E-02 3.26E-04 1.37E+03 4.60E-06 1.21E-05 9.94E-02 5.58E+00 4.29E-05 1.58E+02 1.49E-01 1.87E+03 1.04E+02 1.13E+01 5.91E-01 8.56E+02 6.14E+02 -3.60E+01 1.25E-01 -1.13E+00 -9.04E-02 9.20E-02I24 - c.t.c. 40 + windows 8.62E+01 1.04E-05 4.88E-01 8.01E-02 2.93E-02 3.47E-04 1.40E+03 4.97E-06 1.26E-05 1.02E-01 5.64E+00 4.34E-05 1.64E+02 1.48E-01 1.94E+03 1.08E+02 1.18E+01 5.95E-01 8.89E+02 6.37E+02 -3.60E+01 1.30E-01 -1.13E+00 -9.35E-02 1.15E-01I24 - c.t.c. 60 8.32E+01 1.01E-05 4.72E-01 7.72E-02 2.79E-02 3.17E-04 1.35E+03 4.45E-06 1.18E-05 9.81E-02 5.53E+00 4.25E-05 1.55E+02 1.48E-01 1.83E+03 1.02E+02 1.12E+01 5.89E-01 8.40E+02 6.04E+02 -3.59E+01 1.23E-01 -1.13E+00 -8.92E-02 8.07E-02I24 - c.t.c. 60 + windows 8.50E+01 1.03E-05 4.81E-01 7.89E-02 2.88E-02 3.38E-04 1.38E+03 4.82E-06 1.23E-05 1.01E-01 5.59E+00 4.30E-05 1.61E+02 1.47E-01 1.90E+03 1.06E+02 1.16E+01 5.93E-01 8.72E+02 6.26E+02 -3.60E+01 1.28E-01 -1.13E+00 -9.22E-02 1.02E-01I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows 1.14E+02 1.27E-05 6.41E-01 9.57E-02 3.66E-02 3.61E-04 1.89E+03 4.76E-06 1.77E-05 1.29E-01 7.30E+00 5.63E-05 1.73E+02 3.67E-01 1.90E+03 1.06E+02 1.18E+01 5.98E-01 8.69E+02 6.45E+02 -3.62E+01 1.28E-01 -1.14E+00 -9.24E-02 8.77E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - glass wool 8.00E+01 8.09E-06 4.58E-01 6.80E-02 2.59E-02 2.74E-04 1.32E+03 4.01E-06 1.24E-05 9.93E-02 4.98E+00 3.86E-05 1.22E+02 3.07E-01 9.28E+02 5.18E+01 5.82E+00 5.39E-01 4.20E+02 3.38E+02 -3.54E+01 6.24E-02 -1.07E+00 -4.97E-02 5.49E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - stone wool 8.02E+01 8.12E-06 4.60E-01 6.83E-02 2.60E-02 2.75E-04 1.32E+03 4.02E-06 1.24E-05 9.95E-02 5.00E+00 3.88E-05 1.23E+02 3.08E-01 9.28E+02 5.18E+01 5.82E+00 5.39E-01 4.20E+02 3.38E+02 -3.54E+01 6.24E-02 -1.07E+00 -4.97E-02 5.49E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - cellulose 7.25E+01 7.30E-06 4.21E-01 6.00E-02 2.38E-02 2.80E-04 1.20E+03 3.39E-06 1.26E-05 9.79E-02 4.20E+00 3.25E-05 1.13E+02 2.52E-01 9.32E+02 5.20E+01 5.84E+00 5.40E-01 4.22E+02 3.42E+02 -3.54E+01 6.31E-02 -1.07E+00 -4.97E-02 5.49E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - wood wool 6.99E+01 7.02E-06 4.00E-01 5.74E-02 2.29E-02 2.46E-04 1.16E+03 3.30E-06 1.19E-05 9.36E-02 4.06E+00 3.13E-05 1.10E+02 2.66E-01 9.34E+02 5.21E+01 5.80E+00 5.38E-01 4.24E+02 3.33E+02 -3.53E+01 6.24E-02 -1.07E+00 -4.94E-02 5.49E+00

NAME WALL COMPOSITION

MATERIAL USECEN CEN+



Global warming

Ozone depletion

Acidification for soil

and water

Eutrophication







Human toxicity -

non-cancer effects

Particulate matter


on, biodiversity -

all

Ionising radiation - ecosystem

s


Water scarcity


matter


- all

Land use: occupation, biodiversity -

urban

Land use: occupation

, biodiversity

- agricultural


forest


on, soil organic matter


ion, biodiversity

- urban


on, biodiversity - agricultural


on, biodiversity -

forest


on, biodiversity -

tropical rainforest

Table S14: Characterized environmental values for biogenic carbon per m² wall composition.

Fossile CO2

CEN

kg CO2 eq kg CO2 eq kg CO2 eq kg CO2 eq

S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 -9.61E+01 -3.70E+01 8.60E+01 -2.10E+00S14.5 (XPS) - c.t.c. 40 -8.81E+01 -3.21E+01 7.79E+01 -4.90E+00I16 - c.t.c. 40 -8.94E+01 -3.29E+01 7.53E+01 -2.12E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 -1.19E+02 -5.04E+01 1.05E+02 -3.68E+00I16 (XPS) - c.t.c. 40 -8.94E+01 -3.29E+01 7.53E+01 -5.34E+00S19.5 - c.t.c. 40 -9.40E+01 -3.55E+01 8.38E+01 -1.67E+00I20 - c.t.c. 40 -9.24E+01 -3.46E+01 7.78E+01 -2.23E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 -9.99E+01 -3.89E+01 8.96E+01 -1.67E+00I24 - c.t.c. 40 -9.54E+01 -3.63E+01 8.03E+01 -2.34E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 -9.61E+01 -3.70E+01 8.60E+01 -2.10E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 + windows -1.03E+02 -4.12E+01 9.31E+01 -2.11E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 -9.30E+01 -3.52E+01 8.29E+01 -2.10E+00S14.5 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows -1.00E+02 -3.94E+01 9.01E+01 -2.11E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 -1.19E+02 -5.04E+01 1.05E+02 -3.68E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 40 + windows -1.24E+02 -5.37E+01 1.09E+02 -3.80E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 -1.15E+02 -4.86E+01 1.02E+02 -3.57E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows -1.21E+02 -5.17E+01 1.06E+02 -3.68E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 -9.99E+01 -3.89E+01 8.96E+01 -1.67E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 40 + windows -1.12E+02 -4.60E+01 1.02E+02 -1.67E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 60 -9.46E+01 -3.58E+01 8.44E+01 -1.67E+00S24.5 - c.t.c. 60 + windows -1.07E+02 -4.30E+01 9.67E+01 -1.67E+00I24 - c.t.c. 40 -9.54E+01 -3.63E+01 8.03E+01 -2.34E+00I24 - c.t.c. 40 + windows -1.03E+02 -4.08E+01 8.64E+01 -2.51E+00I24 - c.t.c. 60 -9.15E+01 -3.41E+01 7.71E+01 -2.17E+00I24 - c.t.c. 60 + windows -9.89E+01 -3.83E+01 8.29E+01 -2.33E+00I16 (WfB) - c.t.c. 60 + windows -1.21E+02 -5.17E+01 1.06E+02 -3.68E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - glass wool -1.13E+02 -4.80E+01 1.02E+02 -3.76E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - stone wool -1.13E+02 -4.80E+01 1.02E+02 -3.76E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - cellulose -1.13E+02 -5.36E+01 1.11E+02 -3.76E+00I16 - c.t.c. 60 + windows - wood wool -1.23E+02 -5.42E+01 1.13E+02 -3.76E+00

Temporarily stored

Biogenic CO2NAME WALL COMPOSITION CEN

ReleasedUptake Temporarily stored

Table S15: Characterized environmental values for energy use per m² roof composition and per impact indicator.



kg Ethene eq




CTUe m3 water eq kg C deficit PDF*m²a m²a m²a m²a kg C deficit PDF*m²a m²a m²a m²a m²a

PIR 14 7.09E+01 5.97E-06 2.26E-01 5.49E-03 1.54E-02 7.18E-06 1.29E+03 1.66E-07 1.06E-06 1.35E-02 5.06E-01 3.92E-06 2.36E+01 7.91E-03 1.23E+00 6.89E-02 5.03E-02 9.48E-04 2.33E-01 5.11E+01 9.52E-02 4.08E-03 8.85E-04 -8.56E-03 0.00E+00PUR 18 5.66E+01 4.77E-06 1.80E-01 4.39E-03 1.23E-02 5.73E-06 1.03E+03 1.33E-07 8.46E-07 1.08E-02 4.04E-01 3.13E-06 1.88E+01 6.32E-03 9.84E-01 5.50E-02 4.01E-02 7.56E-04 1.86E-01 4.08E+01 7.60E-02 3.25E-03 7.07E-04 -6.83E-03 0.00E+00stone wool 12 - PUR 20 4.17E+01 3.51E-06 1.33E-01 3.23E-03 9.08E-03 4.22E-06 7.56E+02 9.79E-08 6.24E-07 7.97E-03 2.98E-01 2.30E-06 1.39E+01 4.66E-03 7.25E-01 4.05E-02 2.96E-02 5.58E-04 1.37E-01 3.01E+01 5.60E-02 2.40E-03 5.21E-04 -5.03E-03 0.00E+00cellulose 30 - PIR 10 3.69E+01 3.10E-06 1.17E-01 2.86E-03 8.03E-03 3.73E-06 6.68E+02 8.65E-08 5.51E-07 7.04E-03 2.63E-01 2.04E-06 1.23E+01 4.11E-03 6.41E-01 3.58E-02 2.61E-02 4.93E-04 1.21E-01 2.66E+01 4.95E-02 2.12E-03 4.60E-04 -4.45E-03 0.00E+00

NAME ROOF COMPOSITION CEN


on, biodiversity -

tropical rainforest


on, biodiversity -

forest


Water scarcity


matter


all


urban

Land use: occupation, biodiversity - agricultural


forest




on, biodiversity -

all


on, biodiversity -

urban




ecosystems

Global warming

Ozone depletion

Acidification for soil and

water

Eutrophication







Human toxicity -

non-cancer effects

Particulate matter



ENERGY USECEN+

Table S16: Characterized environmental values for material use per m² roof composition and per impact indicator.



kg Ethene eq




CTUe m3 water eq kg C deficit PDF*m²a m²a m²a m²a kg C deficit PDF*m²yr m²a m²a m²a m²a

PIR 14 1.05E+02 8.71E-06 4.77E-01 7.35E-02 3.91E-02 3.02E-04 1.91E+03 4.85E-06 8.97E-06 9.09E-02 3.71E+00 2.80E-05 2.16E+02 3.03E-01 3.90E+02 2.15E+01 2.41E+00 1.43E+00 1.62E+02 2.11E+02 -1.02E+02 2.86E-02 -3.00E+00 -4.28E-02 2.06E+00PUR 18 1.20E+02 8.92E-06 5.28E-01 8.15E-02 4.45E-02 3.16E-04 2.14E+03 5.10E-06 9.43E-06 1.02E-01 3.83E+00 2.90E-05 2.38E+02 3.54E-01 3.91E+02 2.16E+01 2.44E+00 1.43E+00 1.62E+02 2.14E+02 -1.02E+02 2.88E-02 -3.00E+00 -4.30E-02 2.06E+00stone wool 12 - PUR 20 1.39E+02 1.16E-05 6.41E-01 9.38E-02 5.20E-02 3.63E-04 2.56E+03 5.45E-06 1.15E-05 1.20E-01 4.89E+00 3.69E-05 2.62E+02 3.53E-01 3.97E+02 2.19E+01 2.62E+00 1.43E+00 1.64E+02 2.66E+02 -1.02E+02 3.47E-02 -3.01E+00 -4.89E-02 2.06E+00cellulose 30 - PIR 10 9.69E+01 9.18E-06 4.79E-01 7.26E-02 3.57E-02 3.58E-04 1.80E+03 4.84E-06 1.01E-05 8.98E-02 4.21E+00 3.24E-05 2.03E+02 4.56E-01 4.04E+02 2.23E+01 2.62E+00 1.43E+00 1.68E+02 2.41E+02 -1.03E+02 3.14E-02 -3.01E+00 -4.44E-02 2.06E+00


on, biodiversity -

all


ecosystems

NAME ROOF COMPOSITION


Water scarcity


matter


on, biodiversity -

urban




on, biodiversity -

forest


on, biodiversity -

tropical rainforest


all


urban

Land use: occupation, biodiversity - agricultural


forest





Global warming

Ozone depletion

Acidification for soil and

water

Eutrophication







Human toxicity -

non-cancer effects

Particulate matter

MATERIAL USECEN CEN+

Table S17: Characterized environmental values for biogenic carbon per m² roof composition.

Fossile CO2

CEN

kg CO2 eq kg CO2 eq kg CO2 eq kg CO2 eq

PIR 14 -3.52E+01 -1.94E+01 2.75E+01 -8.10E+00PUR 18 -3.52E+01 -1.94E+01 2.75E+01 -9.92E+00stone wool 12 - PUR 20 -3.52E+01 -1.94E+01 2.75E+01 -1.08E+01cellulose 30 - PIR 10 -3.52E+01 -3.07E+01 4.63E+01 -6.27E+00

Temporarily stored

NAME ROOF COMPOSITION

ReleasedUptake Temporarily stored

CENBiogenic CO2

Table S18: Overview of West-European monetary values for the CEN and CEN+ indicators, expressed in euro/unit (De Nocker and Debacker, 2015) (De Nocker and Debacker, 2018). For units: see tables S9 and S10.

MMG 2015 MMG 2018CEN and CEN+ indicators Central Low High CentralGlobal warming 0.100 0.050 0.200 0.050Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer 49.1 25 100 49.1Acidification of soil and water 0.43 0.22 0.88 0.43Eutrophication freshwater and marine 20 6.60 60 20Photochemical oxidant formation 0.48 0 6.60 0.48Abiotic depletion of non-fossil resources 1.56 0 6.23 1.56Abiotic depletion of fossil resources 0 0 0.0065 0Human toxicity, cancer Human toxicity, non-cancer effects

665109144081

16627728816

2660434720407

665109144081

Particulate matter formation 34 12.70 85 34Ionising radiation

human health ecosystems

9.7E-043.70E-05

3.2E-047.39E-06

2.9E-031.85E-04

9.7E-04/

Ecotoxicity (freshwater) 3.7E-05 7.39E-06 1.85E-04 3.7E-05Land use occupation: soil organic matterLand use occupation: biodiversity

Agricultural Forest Urban

2.7E-06

6.0E-032.2E-04

0.30

6.8E-07

1.5E-035.5E-05

0.07

1.1E-05

2.4E-028.8E-04

2.35

1.4E-06

6.0E-032.2E-04

0.30Land use transformation: soil organic matter Land use transformation biodiversity

Tropical rain forestWater scarcity

2.7 E-06

/0.067

6.8E-07

/0.022

1.1E-05

/0.20

1.4E-06

/0.067

Figure S1: Environmental Life-Cycle Cost, subdivided in material and energy impact, expressed in euro/m² wall (Low monetary value, MMG 2015).

Figure S2: Environmental Life-Cycle Cost, subdivided in material and energy impact, expressed in euro/m² wall (Central monetary value, MMG 2015).

Figure 3: Environmental Life-Cycle Cost, subdivided in material and energy impact, expressed in euro/m² wall (High monetary value, MMG 2015).

Figure S4: Environmental Life-Cycle Cost, subdivided in material and energy impact, expressed in euro/m² wall (Central monetary value, MMG 2018).

Figure S5: Environmental Life-Cycle Cost, subdivided in material and energy impact, expressed in euro/m² roof (Low monetary value, MMG 2015).

Figure S6: Environmental Life-Cycle Cost, subdivided in material and energy impact, expressed in euro/m² roof (Central monetary value, MMG 2015).

Figure S7: Environmental Life-Cycle Cost, subdivided in material and energy impact, expressed in euro/m² roof (High monetary value, MMG 2015).

Figure S8: : Environmental Life-Cycle Cost, subdivided in material and energy impact, expressed in euro/m² roof (Central monetary value, MMG 2018).

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