art appreciation principles& elements: unity, variety, balance, & proportion
DESCRIPTION
A introductory focus on the principles of art and design, specifically unity, variety, balance, and proportion. Based on the Thames & Hudson "Gateways to Art" (2012) textbook by DeWitte, Larmann, and Shields.TRANSCRIPT
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Art Appreciation
Professor Paige PraterT, R, 9:30-10:50AM
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10 ELEMENTS of Art:
1. Color 2. Form 3. Line4. Mass5. Shape6. Space7. Texture8. Time/Motion9. Value10. Volume
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10 PRINCIPLES of Art:1. Unity 2. Variety3. Balance4. Emphasis5. Focal Point6. Pattern7. Proportion8. Rhythm9. Scale10. Contrast
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Unity: order, wholeness, harmony in a design
• Compositional – overall design• Conceptual – idea behind the work• Gestalt – ALL aspects ordered
VSMONOTONY or
CHAOS
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UnityKatsushika Hokusai, “The Great Wave off Shore at Kanagawa,” from Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji, 1826–33 (printed later). Print, color woodcut. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
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Unity: 3 examples of COMPOSITIONAL unity
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Unity: Conceptual
Romare Bearden, The Dove, 1964. Cut-and-pasted printed papers, gouache, pencil, and colored pencil on board, 13⅜ x 18¾”. MOMA, New York
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Unity: Gestalt
• Whole greater than sum of its parts…concept, composition, creation…
Vishnu Dreaming the Universe, c. 450–500 CE. Relief panel. Temple of Vishnu, Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Variety: visual diversity in one composition
• Ideas• Elements: shapes, values• materials
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Variety: materials
Robert Rauschenberg, Monogram, 1955–9. Mixed media with taxidermy goat, rubber tire, and tennis ball, 42 x 63¼ x 64½”.Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Balance: distribution of elements (unified or varied) within a work
• Symmetrical• Asymmetrical• Radial
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Balance: Symmetrical
Ritual container from Gui, China, Shang Dynasty, 1600–1100 BCE. Bronze, 6¼ x 10¾”. University of Hong Kong Museum
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Balance: Asymmetrical
Muqi, Six Persimmons, Southern Song Dynasty, c. 1250. Ryoko-in, Dailoxu-ji, Kyoto, Japan
• Uneven distribution of value and shape
• Visual“heaviness” of theright side counteracted by placing one shape lower on the left
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Balance: Radial
• Equidistance from a single point
Amitayas mandala created by the monks of Drepung Loseling Monastery, Tibet
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Rehash
• Unity, variety, and balance are central principlesthat artists use to create visual impact
• Unity gives a work a certain oneness or cohesion• Variety is expressed in contrast and difference• Created by the use of different kinds of lines,
shapes, patterns, colors, or textures• Balance is imposed on a work when the artist
achieves an appropriate combination of unity and variety
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SCALE
• relative to our own size– MONUMENTAL– HUMAN SCALE– SMALL SIZE
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Scale: MONUMENTAL
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Scale: HUMAN SCALE
Damien Hirst, Mother and Child (Divided), 1993
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Scale: SMALL SIZE
http://m.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/08/revealed-a-book-the-size-of-a-ladybug/278427/
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SCALE: Unexpected…
Dorothea Tanning, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, 1943. Oil on canvas, 16⅛ x 24”. Tate, London
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PROPORTION:
• Relationships between sizes of parts• Aids expression and description (and
NATURALISM)• Egypt• Greece>Rome>Renaissance
– Golden Section– Golden Mean– Fibonacci Sequence
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Proportion: Egyptian cubit
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Proportion: Golden Section, etc.
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Proportion: Greece
Poseidon (or Zeus), c. 460–450 BCE. Bronze, 6’10½” high. National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece
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Proportion: Golden Rectangle
• Golden Rectangles is a technique based on nesting inside each other a succession of rectangles based on the 1:1.618 proportions of the Golden Section
• The shorter side of the outer rectangle becomes the longer side of the smaller rectangle inside it, and so on
• =elegant spiral shape
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Proportion: Golden Rectangle
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Proportion: Golden Rectangle
Henry Peach Robinson, Fading Away, 1858. Combination albumen print.
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Proportion: Golden Rectangle
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Proportion: Renaissance
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Proportion: School of Athens
• Raphael’s sensitivity to proportion reflects his pursuit of perfection
• Magnificent scale = sense of importance• Parts of each figure are harmonious in relation
to each other and portray an idealized form• Double emphasis on the center brings our
attention to the opposing gestures of two famous Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle