art drawing - junta de andalucía · art & drawing 1º de e.s.o . 81 proyecto bilingÜe a.n.l.:...

IES FERNANDO III CENTRO BILINGÜE

ART

& DRAWING

1º DE E.S.O

PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: ART 81

ART UNIT 7: I. FLAT SHAPE. II. GEOMETRIC FLAT SHAPES.

UNIT 7: I. FLAT SHAPE

OUTLINE

ASPECTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS VOCABULARY

PRESENT SIMPLE IMPERATIVE LOS PASADOS TO BE THERE WAS THERE WERE. VERBOS REGULARES/

IRREGULARES EN PASADO AFIRMATIVA.

CONTABLES/INCONTABLES SOME/ ANY

PHONETICS

I. – FLAT SHAPE 1 - DEFINITION

Parts of a shape: contour, silhouette, etc.

2 – TYPES OF SHAPES Open/ Enclosed Regular/Irregular Positive/Negative Symmetrical/Non-symmetrical

3– SPATIAL INTERRELATION BETWEEN SHAPES II. FLAT GEOMETRIC SHAPES

Polygonal shapes Elements

4– THE TRIANGLE

Types of triangles Drawing triangles

5 – QUADRILATERALS Types of quadrilaterals

6 – DRAWING QUADRILATERALS 7 - VOCABULARY

SENTENCE STRESS LAS CONSONANTES

SHAPE SURFACE AREA FLAT TRIANGLE SQUARE CIRCLE SILHOUETTE TOOL POLYGON PENTAGON SYMMETRY CONCAVE CONVEX RADIUS PERIMETER DIAGONAL HYPOTENUSE



1. FLAT SAHPE

DEFINITION Shapes are an essential part of an image. Shape is a visual element with a defined surface area. It is the outside appearance of an object and it is defined by its colour, texture, size and structure. -FLAT SHAPES The simplest conceptual elements we use in graphic art are the triangle, the square and the circle. These simple shapes interact with one another in more complex compositions.

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Formas_basicas.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Formas_basicas.png



PARTS OF A SHAPE: -Contour: This is the outside line of a figure. It is a simple element of few details and gives a clear visual message.

-Silhouette: It is defined by an enclosed space of the same colour or texture.

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.desarrolloweb .com/articulos/images/diseno/3/contornos_1.gif&imgrefurl=http://

hectorcolor.blogspot.com/ http://www.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://mdoloresal.files .wordpress.com/2008/05/miedo-javi-rodriguez.jpg

http://images.google.es/images?hl=es&rlz=1T4ADBF_esES315ES315&um=1&sa=1&q=srp+system+megane+clculates+the+impact+intensity&aq=f&oq=&start=0

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://proyectodidascalico.files.wordpress .com/2008/12/ipod.jpg



-Enclosed space: It is the inner surface of a shape made of its contour. It gives us more visual information because it has colour and texture. In a visual composition, when we do not want to create illusion of reality we use flat shapes whereas the artist may work with abstract shapes or not. 2. TYPES OF SHAPES -Open and enclosed shapes. This characteristic is related to the techniques and tools we use. Enclosed shapes have a perfectly defined contour. Open shapes don’t have a clear limit or contour. -Regular and irregular shapes. Regular shapes are polygons that have equal sides and angles, such as an equilateral triangle, a square, a regular pentagon. All other shapes are irregular shapes.

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mathwithlarry.com/lessons/lessonimages/2dshapes.jpg



-Positive and negative shapes. We usually write on paper using black as a positive element we write with, and white as the negative element we write on. Positive shapes take up a specific space and negative shapes are the empty space that is left over. -Symmetrical

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_uFEXzec5kc8/Srvu-XdyVfI/AAAAAAAABvU/h2-fCCxGMaw/s400/bar_iraq_0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://unmundofeliz2.blogspot.com/2009/09/negativo-positivo.htm



-non-symmetrical shapes.

Axial Symmetry: Two flat shapes are symmetrical if all its elements are at the same distance from a straight line called symmetry axis.

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gdbasics.com/images/77.gif&imgrefurl=http://gdbasics.com/index.php

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://luloto 1eso.googlepages.com/SIMETRIA.jpg/SIMETRIA -full%3Binit:.jpg



Central Symmetry: Two flat shapes are symmetrical if all its elements are at the same distance from a dot called the centre of symmetry.

We can find many symmetrical objects: -In Nature: A butterfly, a human body or a cat (seen from the front). -Made by humans: a car (seen from the front), a table, a Renaissance façade, a saxophone, etc.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mekanoide/2459976168/

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp .blogspot.com/_w4UoAWjM-kE/SgbruWhfx6I/AAAA AAAAAEM/YsoZpidNAok/s 320/simetria%2Baxial.bmp&imgrefurl=http://nopue doparardecolorear.blogspot.com/2009_05_01_archive.html



3. SPATIAL INTERRELATION BETWEEN SHAPES -Space between shapes: When two or more shapes are separated from each other. -Contact: When two or more shapes touch each other in one or more points from its contour. -Superimposition: when a shape is situated in front of another. -Intersection: when two shapes are superimposed over each other and a third one is generated belonging to each one of the previous shapes. -Join: when two shapes become just one shape.



4. FLAT GEOMETRIC SHAPES -Polygonal shapes: It is an enclosed flat figure limited by straight lines. The segments that close the polygonal shape are called sides. It is a flat surface formed by a series of straight lines that intersect each other with the same number of angles. For example a triangle, is formed by three straight lines that cut each other and have the same number of angles,that is three. The point in which the sides change direction is called the vertex. TYPES OF POLYGONS -Polygons with equal angles: all its angles are equal. -Polygons with equal sides/ Equilateral polygons: all its sides are equal. -Regular polygons: all angles and sides are equal. -Irregular polygons: neither angles nor sides are equal.

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freewebs.com/jliow/IrregularPolygons.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freewebs.com/jliow/geometry.htm



-Half regular polygons: -Its angles are equal but not its sides, for example the rectangle. -Its sides are equal but not its angles, for example the rhombus. -Inscribed (into a circumference): the polygon is inside a circumference and its vertices belong to it. -Circumscribed: the polygon is outside the circumference and its sides are tangent to it. -Concave: When the polygon is intersected by a straight line and we can obtain just two points. -Convex: when the polygon is intersected by a straight line and we can obtain more than two points.

Circumscribed Inscribed

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Archimedes_circle_area_proof_-_circumscribed_polygons.svg/120px-Archimedes_circle_area_proof_-_circumscribed_polygons.svg.png

http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~cs1101x/3_ca/labs/07s1/lab7/img/convex-concave.gif

Convex Concave



ELEMENTS IN POLYGONS -Side: segment that gives form to the polygon. - Vertex: intersection of two sides of the polygon. -Radius: It is the radius of the circumference of the polygon that can be inscribed in. -Contour: external limit to the figure. -Perimeter: it is the addition of all the sides of the polygon. -Apothem: perpendicular from the centre of the polygon to any of its sides. -Diagonal: straight line that joins two non consecutive vertices. -Area: inner surface of the polygon. 5. THE TRIANGLE It is a flat shape formed by three straight lines that intersect each other. It has three sides and three vertices. Its angles add up to 180º. We use capital letters to label the vertices. For the opposite sides we use the small letters a, b and c. The hypotenuse is the longest side of a right-angled triangle. This side is always less than the sum of the other two sides, but greater than the difference between them. 5.1. Types of triangles, according to the sides: -Equilateral triangle: the three sides are equal. -Isosceles triangle: only two sides have the same length. -Scalene triangle: all the sides have different length. 5.2. According to the angles: -Right angled triangle: one of its angles is a right angle. -Obtuse triangle: one of its angles is obtuse. -Acute triangle: all three angles are acute.



http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freewebs.com/jliow/IrregularPolygons.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freewebs.com/jliow/geometry.htm



5.3. Drawing triangles Drawing a triangle when we know the length of its three sides: -Use the side PQ as the base. By using the vertex P as the centre, trace an arc with the compass, the same length as the segment PR. -Place the compass point at vertex Q, and draw another arc the same length as the segment QR.side. In this way we obtain vertex R where the two arc cross. -Complete the triangle by joining P and Q with R. Construct a triangle given the length of its three sides We can use a compass and a ruler to construct a triangle when the lengths of its sides are given.

Example:

Construct a triangle PQR with PQ = 5cm, PR = 6 cm and QR = 4.5 cm.

Step 1: Using the steps in the previous section, draw a line segment PQ with lengths 5 cm and mark the points P and Q.



Step 2: To draw PR, first stretch the 2 arms of the compass 6 cm apart, place the sharp point at point P and mark an arc with the pencil end.

Step 3: To draw QR, adjust the compass to 4.5 cm, place the sharp point at point Q and mark an arc with the pencil end. You need to draw the arc so that it will intersect with the arc drawn in step 2. Label the point of intersection as point R.



Step 4: Draw straight lines from P to R and from Q to R

6. QUADRILATERALS Quadrilaterals are flat shapes that have four straight sides, two of which intersect the other two. They have four sides and four angles and the sum of the angles is 360º. The vertices are labelled with the capital letters A, B, C. and the sides are AB, BC; and DA. The diagonal of a quadrilateral is a straight line between two, non consecutive vertices.

http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/triangle-construction.html



6.1. Types of quadrilaterals. -Quadrilateral parallelograms: a) The square: its sides are all equal and its opposite sides are parallel. All the angles are right angles. All the diagonals are of equal length, perpendicular and intersect in the centre of the square. b) Rectangle: Its parallel sides are of equal length. All its angles are right angles. Although its diagonals are all equal and cross in the centre of the rectangle, they are not perpendicular. c) Rhombus: Its opposite sides are parallel and of equal length. Its angles are not right angles and the opposite angles are the same. Its diagonals are of different length but they are perpendicular and they intersect in the centre of the rhombus. d) Rhomboid: Its opposite sides are parallel and of equal length. Its angles are not right angles and the opposite angles are the same. Although its diagonals are different in length and intersect in the centre of the rhomboid, they are not perpendicular. - Quadrilaterals that are not parallelograms: a) Isosceles trapezium: it has only two parallel sides. Its pairs of angles are equal, but they are not right angles. Its diagonals are of equal length but are not perpendicular. b) Trapezoid: none of its sides are equal nor parallel. All its angles and diagonals are different. The angles are not right angles and the diagonals are not parallel.



6.2. Drawing a square when we know the length of the sides. -Draw line AB. -Draw a perpendicular line from each vertex A and B using your set squares. -Transfer the measure of the square side from point A, using the compass until it crosses the perpendicular line. -Do the same but from point B. -Close the square by joining point A with B. Example:

Construct a parallelogram ABCD with sides AB = 4 cm and AD = 5 cm and angle A = 60˚.

Solution:

Step 1: Construct a line segment AB = 4 cm. Construct a 60˚ angle at point A.

Step 2: Construct a line segment AD = 5 cm on the other arm of the angle. Then, place the sharp point of the compass at B and mark an arc 5 cm above B.



Step 3: Stretch your compass to 4 cm, place the sharp end at D and draw an arc to intersect the arc drawn in step 2. Label the intersecting point C. Join C to D and B to C to form the parallelogram ABCD.

7. DRAWING REGULAR POLYGONS

Specific method to draw polygons. To do it we have to divide the circumference into a determined number of parts; that will become the vertices of the polygon. Inscribed into the circumference (given the radius):

Triangle Square



Pentagon Hexagon

Heptagon Octogon

General method for Inscribed Polygons

http://portales.educared.net/wikiEducared/index.php?title=Pol%C3%ADgonos_regulares



Given the side of the polygon:

Hexagon

Triangle Square

http://portales.educared.net/wikiEducared/index.php?title=Pol%C3%ADgonos_regulares



VOCABULARY ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION SPANISH Acute adj. /ə'kju:t/ Agudo Angle sust. /'æŋgəl/ Ángulo Appearance sust. /ə'pɪrəns/ Apariencia Area sust. /'eriə / Area Atributes sust. /ˈatrəbjut/ Atributos Apothem sust. /ˈa-pəthem/ Circle sust. /'sɜ:rkəl/ Círculo Circumference sust. /sər'kʌmfərəns/ circunferencia Circumscribed adj. /sɜ:kəmskraɪb/ Circunscrito Compass sust. /'kʌmpəs/ Compás Complex adj. /'kɒmpleks] Complejo Concave adj. /'kɑ:nkeɪv/ Cóncavo Conceptual adj. /k əns əpt əl/ Conceptual Consecutive adj. /kən'sekjətɪv Consecutivo Contour sust. /'kɑ:ntʊr / Contorno Convex adj. /'kɑ:nveks/ Convexo Curved adj. /kɜ:rvd / Curvado Defined adj. /diˈfaind// Definido Diagonal sust. /daɪ'ægənḷ Diagonal Empty adj. /'empti/ Vacío Enclosed adj. /inˈklɔzt/ Espacio cerrado Flat adj. /flæt/ Plano Fragment sust. /’frægmənt/ Fragmento Geometrical adj. /’dʒi:ə’metrɪkəl / Geométrical Graphic adj. /’græfɪk/ Gráfico Growth sust. /grəʊθ/ Crecimiento Height sust. /haɪt/ Altura Hypotenuse sust. /haɪpətənəs/ Hypotenusa Image sust. /’ɪmɪdʒ/ Imagen Inscribed adj. /ɪn'skraɪb/ Inscrito Interact verb.. /'ɪntər'ækt/ Interactuar Intersection sust. /’ɪntər’sekʃən / Intersección Join verb. /dʒɔɪn/ Unir Label / to label verb. /'leɪbəl/ Etiquetar Nombrar Length sust. /leŋθ/ Longitud Line sust. /laɪn/ Línea Measure sust. /'meʒər/ Medida Message sust.. /'mesɪdʒ/ Mensaje



Movement sust. /’mu:vmənt/ Movimiento Obtuse adj. / ɔ:b'tu:s/ Obtuso Octagon sust. /ɔˈktəˌgän/ Octógono Outside adv. /'aʊt'saɪd/ Fuera Parallelogram sust. /parəˈleləˌgram/ Paralelogramo Perimeter sust. /pə'rɪmətər/ Perímetro Plane sust. /pleɪn/ Plano Point sust. /pɔɪnt/ Punto Polygon sust. /pəˈligən/ Polígono Pentagon sust. /'pentəgɑ:n / Pentágono Perpendicular adj. /pərpənˈdikjələr/ Perpendicular Quadrilaterals sust. /'kwɑ:drə'lætərəl / Cuadriláteros Radius sust. /'reɪdiəs/ Radio Regular/ Irregular adj. /'regjələr / /ɪ'regjələr/ Regular/ Irregular Renaissance sust. /'renə'sɑ:ns Renacimiento Right angle adj.sust. /raɪt/ Ángulo recto Rhomboid sust. /ˈrɔmˌbɔid/ Romboide Rhombus sust. /'rɒmbəs/ Rombo Segment sust. /'segmənt/ Segmento Square sust. /skwer/ Cuadrado Shape sust. /ʃeɪp/ Forma Silhouette sust. /'sɪlu'et/ Silueta Structure sust. /'strʌktʃər / Estructura Straight adjetivo /streɪt/ Recto Superimposition sust. /'su:pərɪm'pəʊsɪʃn/ Superposición Symmetry sust. /'sɪmətri/ Simetría Texture sust. /'tekstʃər/ Textura Tool sust. /tu:l/ Herramienta Transfer/ to transfer verb.. /træns'fɜ:r / Transferir Trapezoid sust. /ˈtrapəˌzɔid / Trapezoide Triangle sust. /'traɪˌæŋgəl/ Triángulo Vertex sust. /ˈvərˌteks/ Vértice Whereas conj. /hwer'æz/ Mientras que

art drawing - junta de andalucía · art & drawing 1º de e.s.o . 81 proyecto bilingÜe a.n.l.:...

Documents