art history review- justinian to gothic
DESCRIPTION
Justinian, Ottonian, Romanesque, and GothicTRANSCRIPT
Art History ReviewFrom Justinian to Gothic
Key Terms Squinch – a small single arch or series of concentric
corbeled arches; used for transitioning to a dome Codex – the ancestor of the modern book Vellum – parchment sheets made from calfskin Cloisonné- a multi-colored surface made by pouring
enamels into compartments outlined by bent wire fillets or strips
Interlace – a form of decoration composed of strips or ribbons that are intertwined, usually symmetrically about a longitudinal axis
Terracological – of or pertaining to animals (often fantastical- not real- animals)
Illuminated manuscripts – hand-decorated pages of text
Anthropomorphism – imagery of God Reliquary – a container for relics
Key Terms Radiating chapels – chapels that protrude from the
main apse; part of control of traffic. Compartmentalization – each piece is clearly
identified; does not flow together smoothly Topology - The study of geometric properties and
spatial relations Tympanum – a lunette over the doorway of a church,
often decorated with sculpture Archivolt – the ornamental band or molding
surrounding the tympanum Rosette – the circular stylization of a rose Trumeau – a central post supporting the lintel in a
double doorway Module – a unit of measurement Colonettes – bundles of columns (some engaged)
Hagia SophiaWHO: Anthemius and Isidoros (Commissioned by Justinian)
WHAT: Brick, basketweave capitals, monolithic columns
WHERE: ConstantinopleWHEN: 537 (Justinian)HOW: Screen walls, pendentives and squinches
SIZE:
Four minarets were added later by Turkish invaders when they turned it into a mosque.Screen walls – non-supporting walls which usually have large expanses of windows or other openings
Hagia SophiaWHO: Anthemius and Isidoros (Commissioned by Justinian)
WHAT: Brick, basketweave capitals, monolithic columns
WHERE: ConstantinopleWHEN: 537 (Justinian)HOW: Screen walls, pendentives and squinches
SIZE:
Four minarets were added later by Turkish invaders when they turned it into a mosque.Screen walls – non-supporting walls which usually have large expanses of windows or other openings
Pendentives and squinches
pendentive
squinch
To make a transition from a rectangular base to a spherical dome, architects employed pendentives and squinches.
Joseph and Potiphar's wife from the Vienna GenesisWHO: ---WHAT: Illuminated manuscript
WHERE: ViennaWHEN: Early 6th centuryHOW: ---SIZE: ---
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Sutton Hoo Purse CoverWHO: ---WHAT: gold with garnets and cloisonné originally on ivory and bone
WHERE: EnglandWHEN: 630HOW: cloisonnéSIZE: 8”
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Axe from JutlandWHO: ---WHAT: Silver inlay and gold
WHERE: DenmarkWHEN: 950-975 (Late Viking)HOW: --- SIZE: 6 7/8”
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Animal-Head PostWHO: ---WHAT: Hardwood- carved
WHERE: Oseberg, NorwayWHEN: 800-850HOW: Placed on boat front SIZE: 60cm (24 5/8”)
Used to scare people being pillaged.
Lion Symbol Page from the Book of DurrowWHO: ---WHAT: Illuminated Manuscript on vellum
WHERE: Dublin (either from Ireland or Northumbria in England)
WHEN: 650-700HOW: --- SIZE: 10x6”
Represents St. John the Evangelist. Later his symbol was changed to an eagle.
Book of KellsWHO: ---WHAT: Illuminated Manuscript
WHERE: Dublin (probably from Kells, Ireland)WHEN: late 8th early 9th centuries HOW: ---SIZE: 9.5x13”
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Book of KellsWHO: ---WHAT: Illuminated Manuscript
WHERE: Dublin (probably from Kells, Ireland)WHEN: late 8th early 9th centuries HOW: ---SIZE: 9.5x13”
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Charlemagne’s Palace ChapelWHO: Odo of Metz
WHAT: Justinian Cathedral
WHERE: Aachen WHEN: 792-805HOW: Combination of Justinian central plan with the symmetry and order of Roman buildings
SIZE: ---
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Charlemagne’s Palace ChapelWHO: Odo of Metz
WHAT: ---WHERE: Aachen WHEN: 792-805HOW: Combination of Justinian central plan with the symmetry and order of Roman buildings
SIZE: ---
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Floor Plans, etc.
Comparison to San Vitale
Reims School from the Utrecht PsalterWHO: ---WHAT: illustration to Psalm 88
WHERE: Utrecht WHEN: 825-850HOW: --- SIZE: 13x10”
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Bronze Doors of St. Michael’sWHO: Commissioned by Bernward
WHAT: bronze
WHERE: Hildesheim WHEN: 1015 (Ottonian)HOW: --- SIZE: 16’6”
Compare style to that of the illustrations from the Utrecht Psalter.Narrative!“Adam and Eve Reproached” is a popular frame.
Reliquary of Sainte-FoyWHO: ---WHAT: Gold with gemstones over a wooden core (face of a late Roman emperor)
WHERE: ConquesWHEN: late 10th-11th centuryHOW: --- SIZE: 33.5”
The gemstones were added over time by wealthy people who made pilgrimages to see it.
Sainte-Foy, ConquesWHO: ---WHAT: Romanesque Cathedral
WHERE: Auvergne, FranceWHEN: 1050-1120HOW: --- SIZE: ---
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Sainte-Foy continued
South Porch of Sainte-PierreWHO: Founded by King Clovis
WHAT: ---WHERE: MoissacWHEN: 1115-1135HOW: --- SIZE: 16’6”
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Flight into EgyptWHO: GislebertusWHAT: Capital
WHERE: Autun (Burgundy, France)WHEN: 1130HOW: --- SIZE: ---
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The Last Judgment
WHO: Gislebertus WHAT: Stone WHERE: Burgundy
WHEN: 1120-1135 HOW: --- SIZE: ---
Leaning Tower of Pisa CAMPANILE OF PISA CATHEDRAL
WHO: ---WHAT: ---WHERE: Pisa, ItalyWHEN: 1174-1271HOW: --- SIZE: 56’
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Bayeux TapestryWHO: ---WHAT: Wool embroidery on linen
WHERE: Bayeux, FranceWHEN: 1070-1080HOW: --- SIZE: 20” high
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Plan of St. SerninWHO: Commissioned by St. Sylvius
WHAT: Gothic CathedralWHERE: Toulouse, FranceWHEN: 1080-1120HOW: --- SIZE: ---
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Saint DenisWHO: SugerWHAT: Gothic Cathedral
WHERE: ParisWHEN: Rebuilt in 1137HOW: --- SIZE: ---
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Saint DenisWHO: SugerWHAT: Gothic Cathedral
WHERE: ParisWHEN: Rebuilt in 1137HOW: --- SIZE: ---
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Cross Section of a Gothic Cathedral
ChartresWHO: WHAT: Gothic Cathedral
WHERE: Chartres, FranceWHEN: 13th centuryHOW: --- SIZE: ---
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Chartres continued
Doorjamb statues of west facadeSt. Theodore of Chartres
Chartres continued
Long view of the South Wall
Stained glass
ReimsWHO: ---WHAT: Gothic Cathedral
WHERE: Reims, FranceWHEN: Began rebuilding in 1211
HOW: --- SIZE: Nave is 125’ high
West facade
Reims continued
Nave
Reims continued
Sculpture of the Annunciation and Visitation
Reims continued
Sainte-ChapelleWHO: Commissioned by King Louis IX
WHAT: Gothic Cathedral
WHERE: ParisWHEN: 1243-1248HOW: --- SIZE: 32 x 99.5’
Rayonnant style
Salisbury CathedralWHO: ---WHAT: Gothic Cathedral
WHERE: EnglandWHEN: 1220HOW: --- SIZE: ---
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King’s College ChapelWHO: Vaulting designed by John Wastrell; founded by Henry VI; master mason Reginald Ely
WHAT: Late Gothic Cathedral
WHERE: Cambridge, England
WHEN: 1441HOW: --- SIZE: ---
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