art, literature, music on the ap exam well known pieces well known artists notable eras, movements...
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Art, Literature, Music on the AP Exam
• Well known pieces• Well known artists• Notable eras, movements• Need to recognize names of artists and the
movements with which they are associated• Need to be able to place works of art in proper
historical and/or artistic context• Need to understand the progressive nature and
related aspects of major movements
MC Q’s: Art, Music, Literature
• Will NOT ask you to simply identify• Will ask you to identify and place in context• Will ask you to identify by period or movement• Will ask you to relate to event, trend, era• Will ask you to analyze content and apply across
and/or through time• May also be cartoons, photographs, illustrations
The painting below, the “Gare Saint-Lazare” (1877) by Claude Monet is an example of which of the
following schools of painting?
• A. Abstract• B. Surrealism• C. Cubist• D. Impressionist• E. Baroque
The sculpture by Bernini shown below celebrates…
• A. a new interest in secular themes
• B. Lutheran veneration of saints
• C. the Calvinist cult of beauty• D. the reconciliation of the
papacy after The Council of Trent
• E. Catholic Reformation mysticism
ESSAYS: Art, Music, Literature
• For DBQ: A series of paintings, illustrations, excerpts that you will have to analyze the subject, content, context and apply to larger question in history.
• Ex: Test 1 AP Review guide• For Free Response Essay, more than likely a
comparative analysis question
The two pictures below suggest technological and urban transformations characteristic of modern Europe. Using the pictures as a starting point, discuss the extent the changes and their effects on working middle class Europeans in
the second half of the 19th century.
Compare and contrast the ways in which the two works of art express the artistic styles and political issues of their times
Compare the ways in which the two works of art below express the artistic, philosophical, and cultural values of their
time.
MAN POINTING, GIACOMETTI 1947David, Michelangelo, 1504
Major European Art movements
• Gothic• Renaissance --
Italian -- Northern
• Baroque• Rococo• Neo-classicism and Romanticism• Realism• Impressionism• Cubism• Expressionism / Surrealism / Abstract
Expressionism / Pop Art
Gothic
• 5th – 16th century Europe• Religious themes dominate• Fades in 15th & 16th century with rise of
Renaissance themes• 18th century revival is short lived
The Renaissance – 14th -17th centuries throughout Europe
• Techniques developed, adopted, refined:-- Realism and expressionism-- Perspective
-- Light and Shadowing -- Classicism-- Application of Mathematical principles
• Painting, Architecture, Sculpture, et al are revolutionized
• All modern artistic styles are a by-product• Not revolutionized in such a way again until the
Impressionists
Realism & ExpressionRealism & Expression
Expulsion fromExpulsion fromthe Gardenthe Garden
Masaccio, 1427Masaccio, 1427
First nudes sinceFirst nudes sinceclassical times.classical times.
PerspectivePerspective
First use First use of linear of linear
perspective!perspective!
The TrinityThe Trinity
MasaccioMasaccio
14271427
horizontal
vert
ical
Perspective!Perspective!
The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498
Light & Shadowing/Softening EdgesLight & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Chiaroscuro
SfumatoSfumato
ClassicismClassicism
Greco-Roman influence.
Secularism & Humanism.
Individualism free standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
The Dreyfus The Dreyfus Madonna with Madonna with the the PomegranatePomegranate
Leonardo da Leonardo da Vinci, 1469Vinci, 1469
The figure as The figure as architecture!architecture!
Italian Renaissance major figures
• Giotto (1267-1337) A “Bridge” figure• Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455)• Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)• Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)• Piero della Francesca(1452-1519) • Michelangelo (1475-1564)• Raphael (1483-1520)• Titian (1485-1576)
Madonna and Child
Giotto c. 1320
Ghiberti – Ghiberti – Gates of ParadiseGates of ParadiseBaptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452
Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485
Madonna with the Yarnwinder
Leonardo da Vinci c.1500
The School of Athens – Raphael
Venus of Urbino – Titian, 1558
Northern Renaissance major figures
• Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1510)• Pieter Bruegel (1525-1569)• Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)• Hans Holbein (1497-1543)• Jan van Eyck (1400?- 1441) • El Greco (Spanish) (1541-1614)
HieronymusBosch
The Temptation
of St. Anthony
1506-1507
Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568
Albrecht Dürer • The greatest of German artists.
• A scholar as well as an artist.• His patron was the Emperor
Maximilian I.• Also a scientist– Wrote books on
geometry, fortifications, and human proportions.
• Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits.
• Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.
Hans Holbein, the Younger
• One of the great German artists who did most of his work in England.
• While in Basel, he befriended Erasmus.– Erasmus Writing, 1523
• Henry VIII was his patron from 1536.
• Great portraitist noted for:– Objectivity & detachment.– Doesn’t conceal the
weaknesses of his subjects.
Artist to the Tudors
Henry VIII (left), 1540 Henry VIII (left), 1540 and the future Edward and the future Edward VI (above), 1543.VI (above), 1543.
Jan van Eyck
• The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, 1435.
• More courtly and aristocratic work.– Court painter to the
Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good.
Giovanni Arnolfini Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wifeand His Wife
(Wedding Portrait)(Wedding Portrait)
Jan Van Eyck,1434Jan Van Eyck,1434
Jan van Eyck Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife
(details)
El Greco• The most important Spanish artist of this period was
Greek.• 1541 – 1614.• He deliberately distorts & elongates his figures, and
seats them in a lurid, unearthly atmosphere.• He uses an agitated, flickering light.• He ignores the rules of perspective, and heightens the
effect by areas of brilliant color.• His works were a fitting expression of the Spanish
Counter-Reformation.
El Greco’s, The Burial of Count Orgaz, 1586
El Greco
The View of Toledo
1597-1599
Art of the Baroque
• 17th and 18th century• Supersedes Mannerism of the Renaissance • Origins in Catholic Rome• Religious themes still dominate• Largely rejected in protestant areas of Europe• Strongly advocated pictorial clarity
Baroque
► 1600 – 1750.
►From a Portuguese word “barocca”, meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.”
►Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance.
►The more dramatic, the better!
Baroque Style of Art & Architecture► Dramatic, emotional.
► Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark.
► Counter-Reformation art.
► Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed.
► Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions.
► Holland --> Real people portrayed as the primary subjects.
Major figures of the Baroque
• Caravaggio – Italian 1572-1610, painter • Gianlorenzo Bernini – Italian 1598-1680,
painter, sculptor, architect, extremely pious, papal knight at age 23 serves church and popes for rest of life
• Rembrandt van Rijn – Dutch, 1606-1669 painter (The Dutch School)
“The Flagellation of
Christ”
Caravaggio
Baldachin over the High Altar of St. Peter's,
1624-33Bronze and gold
(95 feet high)Vatican, Rome
Gianlorenzo Gianlorenzo BerniniBernini
Tomb of Alexander VII
1672-78
Gianlorenzo Gianlorenzo BerniniBernini
Doctor Nicolaes Tulp's Demonstration of the Anatomy of the Arm, Rembrandt, 1632
Masters of the Cloth Guild Rembrandt, 1662AP FRQ
Baroque Furniture
A Baroque Room