Arteries of lower limb

They include the following:• Femoral, popliteal, obturator, gluteal, tibials

and their branches

Gluteal Region

• Superior gluteal artery• Inferior gluteal artery• They are branches of the internal

iliac artery• They supply the gluteal region• Obturator artery is abranch of

the internal iliac artery • It passes through obturator

foramen• It supplies the medal side of the

upper thigh

Femoral Artery• It is the contiuation of

the external iliac artery at the mid inguinal point

• It descends in the femoral triangle

• Then, it continues in the adductor canal

• It reaches the adductor hiatus where it becomes the popliteal artery

• It supplies all structures in the thigh

Femoral Artery

In the femoral triangle, it gives the following branches:

Superficial circumflex iliac arterySuperficial epigastric arteryExternal pudendal arteryDeep artery of the thighMuscular branches

Deep Artery of the Thigh

• It is the main artery of the thigh• It gives the following branches• Medial circumflex femoral artery• Lateral circumflex femoral artery

which gives a descending branch• Perforating arteries

Trochanteric anastomosis

• Site: in trochanteric fossa

• Formed by:1. Branch of sup gluteal

art.2. Inf gluteal art. 3. Ascending branch of

med circumflex artery.• Importance: a supply of

head of femur.

• The cruciate anastomosis is a circulatory anastomosis in the upper thigh of the inferior gluteal artery, the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries, and the first perforating artery of the profunda femoris artery

• The route of blood is through the internal iliac, to the inferior gluteal artery, to a perforating branch of the deep femoral artery, to the lateral circumflex femoral artery, then to its descending branch into the superior lateral genicular artery and thus into the popliteal artery.

Popliteal Artery

• It is the continuation of the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus

• It runs through the popliteal fossa• It ends at the lower border of the

popliteus muscle by dividing into its terminal branches

• It gives the following branches:

Medial superior genicular artery

Lateral superior genicular artery

Medial inferior genicular artery

Lateral inferior genicular artery

Middle genicular artery

Popliteal Artery

• At the lower end of the popliteus muscle, it divides into:

• Anterior tibial artery• Posterior tibial artery

which gives the peroneal artery

Anastomosis around the Knee Joint Is made by the following

branches:• Descending branch of

lateral circumflex femoral• Descending genicular of

femoral• Anterior tibial recurrent• Five branches of popliteal

artery

Anterior Tibial Artery

• It is one of the two terminal branches of the popliteal artery

• It supplies all structures in the anterior compartment of the leg and perforating branches to lateral compartment

• It ends at the midpoint between the malleoli

• It continues as Drorsalis Pedis Artery

• It gives anterior medial and lateral malleolar branches

Posterior Tibial Artery• It is one of the two terminal branches of the

popliteal artery• It supplies all structures in the posterior and

lateral compartment of the leg• It runs behind and inferior to medial malleolus• It then divides into Medial and Lateral plantar

branches• It gives the following branches: Peroneal artery which gives lateral malleolar

and calcaneal branches

Dorsalis Pedis Artery• It is the direct continuation of

the anterior tibial artery at the midpoint between the malleoli

• It gives the following branches:

Lateral tarsal

Medial tarsal

Arcuate

1st dorsal metatarsal

Deep plantar

Plantar Arteries

• The posterior tibial artery divides into:

Lateral plantar

Medial plantar artery which gives the first plantar metatarsal artery

Deep plantar arch is formed by the deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis artery and lateral plantar artery

Surface Anatomy

1. Femoral

2. Profunda

3. Popliteal

4. Posterior tibial

5. Peroneal

6. Medial plantar

7. Lateral plantar

8. Anterior tibial

9. Dorsalis pedis

Veins

Arterial pulse

Anastomosis in the Lower Limb

• Anastomosis between different arterial branches

• To ensure blood circulation in the case of occlusion in any artery

• Cruciate anastomosis• Geniculate anastomosis• Plantar anastomosis