artifical intelligence

Shahabaj DangePresented by,

05/03/2023 Artificial Intelligence 3

• Intelligence: “ability to learn, understand and think” (Oxford dictionary)

• AI is the study of how to make computers make things which at the moment people do better.

• Examples: Speech recognition, Smell, Face, Object, Intuition, Inferencing, Learning new skills, Decision making, Abstract thinking.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEinclude people, procedures,

hardware, software, data and knowledge needed to develop

computer systems and machines that demonstrated

characteristics of intelligence.

Intelligence BehaviorAt the machine level, think like

human and act like human means Artificial Intelligence.


Specific characteristics of intelligent behavior:

– Learn from experience and apply the knowledge acquired from experience.

– Handle complex situations.– Solve problems when important information is missing.– Determine what is important.– React quickly and correctly to a new situation.– Understand visual images.– Process and manipulate symbols.– Be creative and imaginative.– Use heuristics.


Think like humans Think rationally

Act like humans Act rationally

4 Views of AI

Turing Test (developed by Alan Turing, a British Mathematician)

attempts to determine whether the responses from a computer with

intelligent behavior are indistinguishable from responses from a human.


1950 Claude Shannon published a paper describing how a computer could play chess. 1952-1962 Art Samuel built the first checkers program 1957 a chess program was written by Alex Bernstein at MIT

for an IBM 704.

Newell and Simon predicted that a computer will beat a human at chess within 10 years. 1967 MacHack was good enough to achieve a class-C

rating in tournament chess. 1994 Chinook became the world checkers champion 1997 Deep Blue beat Kasparpov 2007 Checkers is solved

Games

http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~chinook/

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1144079

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1144079


The difference between Natural and Artificial IntelligenceAttributes Natural

Intelligence (Human)

Artificial Intelligence (Machine)

The ability to use sensors (eyes, ears, touch, smell) HIGH LOW

The ability to be creative and imaginative HIGH LOW

The ability to learn from experience HIGH LOW

The ability to be adaptive HIGH LOW

The ability to afford the cost of acquiring intelligence HIGH LOW

The ability to use a variety of information source HIGH HIGH

The ability to acquire large amount of external information HIGH HIGH

The ability to make complex calculations LOW HIGH

The ability to transfer information LOW HIGH

The ability to make a series of calculations rapidly and accurately LOW HIGH


– Perceptive system• A system that approximates the way a human sees, hears, and

feels objects– Robotics– Vision system– Natural language processing– Neural network– Expert system– Learning system

Major Branches of AI

Schematic


Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence

ROBOTICS

VISION SYSTEMS

LEARNING SYSTEMS

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

NEURAL NETWORKS

EXPERT SYSTEMS


1. Robotics

Involve developing mechanical or computer devices that perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are hazardous for humans.

Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence


2. Vision Systems

Include hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures.


3. Natural language processingComputers understand and react to statements and commands made in a “natural” language, such as English.

4. Learning systemComputer changes how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback.

5. Neural networkComputer system that can act like or simulate the functioning of the human brain.

6. Expert SystemsConsists of hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to a human expert.


What if Technology goes beyond control ?

• The Matrix (Series)• Terminator (Series)• Transformers (Series)• Robot• Startrek


Laws of Robots• stated by Isaac Asimov• First Law: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction,

allow a human being to come to harm.

• Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except

where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

• Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such

protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.


– People might lose their jobs to automation.– People might lose their sense of being unique.– People might lose some of their privacy rights.– The use of AI systems might result in a loss of

accountability.– The success of AI might mean the end of the human

race.

Ethics of AI


AI ApplicationsAI techniques are used in many common applications; just a sample

– Intelligent user interfaces– Search Engines– Spell/grammar checkers– Context sensitive help systems– Medical diagnosis systems– Regulating/Controlling hardware devices and processes (e.g, in automobiles)– Voice/image recognition (more generally, pattern recognition)– Scheduling systems (airlines, hotels, manufacturing)– Error detection/correction in electronic communication– Program verification / compiler and programming language design– Web search engines / Web spiders– Web personalization and Recommender systems (collaborative/content filtering)– Personal agents– Customer relationship management– Credit card verification in e-commerce / fraud detection– Data mining and knowledge discovery in databases– Computer games


CONCLUSION

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