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Introduction [1] Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017 Artificial Intelligence

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Page 1: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [1]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Intelligence

Page 2: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [2]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Mind?

Page 3: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [3]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Page 4: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [4]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Page 5: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [5]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Brain:can machines think?

Page 6: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [6]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Page 7: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [7]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

{ < , > < , , > }

Turing Machine (A. Turing, 1937)

Page 8: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [8]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

{ < , > < , , > }

Turing Machine (A. Turing, 1937)

Page 9: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [9]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Church-Turing Thesis

Page 10: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [10]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Can machines think? (the Turing Test)

Page 11: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [11]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Brain:can machines think?

Page 12: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [12]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Brain:can machines think?

Do answers, however partial,change the original question?

Page 13: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [13]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Deep Blue

Page 14: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [14]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Can machines play chess?

f(P)

f(P)

P f

P

f

Page 15: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [15]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Can machines play chess?

f(P)

f(P)

P f

P

f

Page 16: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [16]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Can machines play chess?

f*(P)

k

Page 17: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [17]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Can machines play chess?

Page 18: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [18]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Can machines play chess?

O(bd)

b

d

Page 19: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [19]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Can machines play chess?

f*(P)

k

P

M P

Page 20: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [20]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Strategy A or Strategy B?

Page 21: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [21]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Deep Blue

Page 22: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [22]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

DeepQA (a.k.a. “Watson”)

Page 23: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [23]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

DeepQA (a.k.a. “Watson”)

Page 24: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [24]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

DeepQA (a.k.a. “Watson”)

Page 25: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [25]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

DeepQA (a.k.a. “Watson”)

Page 26: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [26]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Is Watson intelligent?

Page 28: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [28]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Beyond Chess: AlphaGo

Page 29: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [29]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Intelligence(a few historical hints)

Page 30: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [30]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

“Artificial Intelligence” (first appearance of the term)

Page 31: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [31]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

The Physical Symbol System Hypothesis (PSSH)

Page 32: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [32]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Do elephants play chess?

Page 33: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [33]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Does this behavior look intelligent?

actuator(wheel motor)

photo sensor

photophobic robot photophilic robot

[Braitenberg, V., 1986]

Page 34: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [34]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Emulation or simulation? Connectionism

Page 35: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [35]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Intelligence:short plan of this course

Page 36: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [36]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Intelligence: part 1

Page 37: Artificial Intelligencevision.unipv.it/AI/aa2016-2017/00-Introduction.pdf · Artificial Brain: can machines think? Do answers, however partial, changethe original question? Artificial

Introduction [37]Artificial Intelligence 2016-2017

Artificial Intelligence: part 2