PROJECT: A.I.D. csd-2780 INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AQUACULTURERESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SERIES NO. 4

MARCH 1973

ARTIFICIAL SPA WNING of MULLET

CULTURE of MULLET and MILKFISH in TAIWAN

International Center for Aquaculture

Agricultural Experiment Station

AUBURN UNIVERSITY

R.Dni Rouse Dreco uun lbm

and

Auburn, AlabamaR. Dennis Rouse, Director

COVER PHOTOGRAPH. Traditional method in Taiwan of stack-ing milkfish in baskets prior to marketing.

ARTIFICIAL SPAWNING of MULLET and

CULTURE of MULLET and MILKFISH in TAIWAN

H. R. SCHMITTOU'

INTRODUCTION

TAIWAN is advanced in various aquacultures. Its fish farm-ers are especially noted for their cultures of milkfish in brack-ish water and poly-cultures of Chinese carps in fresh water.Its research biologists have been among the leaders in de-veloping shrimp culture and have been the most successfulin artificially reproducing and raising mullet to food size.

Aquacultural facilities were toured in Taiwan during June1971. The itinerary was developed by Mr. T. P. Chen,Director, Fisheries Division, Joint Commission on Rural Re-construction. Mr. Chang-Jyi Chiou served as interpreter.

This report includes a summary on milkfish culture andthe techniques used in artificially spawning and raising mul-let in Taiwan.

CULTURE OF MULLET

The discussions of milkfish and mullet cultures werederived from observations and conversations with researchersand farmners in the field and from published literature.

Aquacultural potentials for milkfish and mullet are greaterthan those for most species. Both are hardy and respondwell to management in confined environments. Both tolerateadverse conditions; the mullet tolerates colder temperatures,but the milkfish can live at much higher temperatures andsalinities. Both have excellent consumer acceptance in theareas where cultured. Both are herbivorous, feeding primarilyon benthic and planktonic organisms that can be cheaplyproduced.

In Taiwan no farms were visited where mullet was actuallybeing cultured. Dr. I. C. Liao and his staff of TungkangMarine Laboratory, who were the first to successfully spawnmullet and raise the fry to fingerling size, were interviewed.

The techniques used in the artificial spawning and raisingof fingerling mullet are summarized in this report. Verylittle is presented on mullet culture.

The striped mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus) inhabitsmarine, brackish, and fresh waters of such diverse locationsas India, Taiwan, Japan, United States, Israel, and theSoviet Union. It is a valued food fish in most of those areas.

The adaptability of mullet to varied environments, aswell as its food habits, hardiness, market value, and othercharacteristics make it a popular pond fish in Taiwan.

'Assistant Professor, Dept. of Fisheries and Allied Agricultures;serving as Chief of Party, AU-Government of Philippines InlandFisheries Project, Manila.

In total production and value for all Taiwan aquacultures,mullet ranks third (2,200 metric tons and NT $44 million2'),milkfish first (19,000 metric tons and NT $400 million), andoysters second (12,000 metric tons and NT $121 million).

Mullet spawn at sea. It is believed that spawning occursin the offshore waters of southern Taiwan. It is known thatschools of mullet migrate southward into the Kuroshio Cur-rent from November to February. The peak of the migration

is in late December and early January. Fish taken duringthe migrations have mature sperm and almost mature ova.The migrating fish are 4 to 5 years old with body lengthsaveraging 42 to 45 centimeters.

Fingerlings 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters long are collected fromestuaries and coastal waters along the western coast fromDecember to March. Usually the mullet are stocked in fresh-water ponds at 2,000 to 3,000/hectare in combination withthe Chinese carps. Annual yields of mullet/hectare rangeup to 150 kilograms without fertilization, 400 kilograms withfertilization, and 1,500 kilograms with feeding.

Striped mullet can tolerate water temperature extremes

from 40 to 350 C, but the optimum water temperature forgrowth is about 230 C. Salinities of 0.1 to 38 p.p.t. are tol-erated by adults. Young fry will not tolerate salinities below17 p.p.t.

The annual demand in Taiwan for stocking ponds is forabout 7 million mullet fingerlings. Some years the demandis not met. For this and other reasons, research was begunto artificially spawn and raise mullet for stocking size. Thiswork began in 1963, and involved the cooperative effortsof the Taiwan Fisheries Bureau, the Taiwan Fisheries Re-search Institute (TFRI), and the Institute of Fishery Biology,National Taiwan University. Their early work on inducedspawning resulted in producing fry, but no fry survival. In1967 one fry out of millions hatched survived for 23 days.The work was transferred to the newly constructed Tung-kang Marine Laboratory of the TFRI in 1968 where thework was supported primarily by the Rockefeller Foundation.That year, 2 fingerlings (1.0 and 1.1 centimeters in size)were kept alive for 30 days. The following year a total of431 fingerlings that ranged in size up to 28 centimetersand 217 grams 200 days after hatching survived. In 1970approximately 50,000 fry reached a length of I centimeter(27 days).

The techniques and procedures for artificially spawningand raising mullet to fingerlings were as follows (Dr. I. C.Liao, Director, Tungkang Marine Laboratory):

2 NT (New Taiwan) $40.00 - $1.00 U.S.

wa'dx\ iiir ltoc kitw fgit 1)1 ((11 hl potids itt 40) to 1.5 tlax ,

It It li/i'- (It itttt

1 hc cuittu'., if n ul, tI. is t icr.> Cl S''' y poputUO - I t SI O.since successful methods of producing fry in hatcheries have beendeveloped.

1t.i t o o e I.lu \ w i r t il ,i~ m i \ ,(

xx od r .ix~c loi tlxiiit it'dil ONiil ~ltI tiot o ililt'. t~tt tsiiit. boilt il 225 tt245 .1I :31)

piti hags 2.5

I). .If itxtiol of . 75t let xxa pldi ii t'tlititr id x lit' .lidlititi 2i ito 50i xx l it too it' (1 li i ot 15th lixb l \tit i i

i altititi of g: iii itt \\i 1 pit d x(iii l6 tix xx c ix t ) it ott

per)1 ill. xa t iI t tttut~/i

I It'll

S ttcll

Lailt '.'it~ ui

('ii11i)) \oItlit), ]loll i

Im ill itt ol

Ithr. .31) it. Ix) ctit'.t it~t (1'-(

2 ]if-. :M) itto. 3l)1 clc'ax .1

50 iiii 5thtI') it i tt

1(1 Ili. 3)) toul.

172 lii. I)) iio.

:3:3 lit. -10 ttu.

-IS ]itt.

5(0 Ii.

5-4 hri-

.59 hr.

otiit 111)1 icl i til-it

pli (Ai I lxiti \(ids bitt'

Ti lott po x otil

x]i it I Ik it ' (f e

Tod ill1 i'tiiit t

plitiig rl toftli

3 1) tint.

CULTURE OF MILKFISH

'I'lic millsfi.di Chaito.s Owno.o ulthowd, cultilw(I ilifilost('x(dosivel ill Tai\\ilo, lodom'sul, lod thc I'llfilippilws, i's t1w[)lost jillpoltiolit filillille imd bliwki'sh \\ilter species (.111tilled

ill t1w \\oild its till it,, totid plodlictioll is m1wellwd. It i's h

L11. tit(, Illo'st importimt spe('ies of fish (.111tilled ill 'ktj\ tllj

hoill tit(, still Idpoil its of lood prodlwed alld ( (.ol loll) ics. The

producti0ii fit 1969 of I,),tY)5 nwtri(, toos of millsfish \irs'Iwiltcl thitil lot itll\ other sill(de Specu.s. It \\it's 33 per (.cotof the totill Titi\\all ityliwoltoial piodtichoo of 51,064 nieti-k-t (; i is \ I () i i c t i i i .\ \ i i i i c o I t I i (, I '), W )5 i i i ( t i i c t o i i s \\ i t s 1) i t (-(,( I;it VV 395.5 millioij of aboot 4:3 lwi (-(,fit of flit, totid idlicof ilquilcultillal plocllwtioll.

laiwill(t froill 20 to 2) .5 C is xttttttiz it,l foilo\x x.

CoIll iticlit S

Basket of mnlktish is weighed prior to sate. This is the most im-portant fish species cultured in Taiwan with approximately 19,000metric tons, with a market value of NT $ 395.5 million (about$9.9 million U.S.), produced from ponds during 1969.

Commercial Harvest

Caitchfex of aduilt miilkfixi oii the hligh xeax iiaxe l it liceli

1 epic tici. liepoi tx ii e collinon of ii ioctaionial catch uucaul

xihire. Sciioolx oh liai ge fixih hiaxe e ci obisietie offhoreii xx itiithir doioux fixs aitoxc xx .itcr, a chiaracteisxtic iif inlilk-fixi.

itau ge fixsi hiaxve iieeiu taught 1lix ioiig iii hex aiidl ti axx ix opcu at-ing fr om iiairborx iii Taixxani. \iilkfixiu iuax asiio bieei takeiuxxithi stake tirapx, liftiitxt, xcincxs liaipiiiiix aiit cxcii tex

ploxixvcx. I Iiix cxc, the catching ot iiilkhxih lby nueaiux otiheithanl hIn pouliuiig isuccidci tai iiid tihere ix lin conlilieitiai

uperatitoi lotiiiiiarx ctiiig uuituial xtockx ol ,diilt iikfixiu.

Biological Information

Dismtrilmutioui. \hilktfixl i( t(lisxti rilitethroluiugiiuot tue( tiropi-cal ilil xiiiti opicaui xxateu x of the I uutiau i aiit Palcihe Oceaux.

hx iti it foiuiit inl the Atlanitic Ocean.

Life Historx I. tr x littli is kiiiixxr ii olluccinig thje life

hiixtiii of iiiklixi. Spaix nog ottiui x froiii Apuril to Augt

xxith i peaik iii late Apil (iad i Ix ,i y a. 'I'lex \; ax SIii ohff'

xhleIiiti i i, rehatixe ci sliitliixx xx atiixxih thiere il- e xiidxMi cou ail biittoiii deixoith oh x egetathi iio xxd licic xiiiiitx ix

32 to :3:3 p.pi.t. Sexiual inatiiritx ix thought to lie a ilciibut

i elx of age. Thle xilillicxt id1 lilet, gei gi x 1 (1 iiiiie ix cll it Oi dt w i e 94 miid 124 t'eiitjiieteis x kibiiit 9 aiiic 12k.iogiiiis), rexpecti x clx. 1Recorde (1cc i giitx oif oxvaries' ot

ax 1(1i fish liax eI ranged1 hoi 0dit.5 to l.5 kilogramsiii. EstimaitedlTuiinlei of eggs ridl frini :3 to) 71.3 ioillioit feiiiale. iTiehigh feniditx suggests loNx xiii-xix al to sxiii iidtiii lit\

'The eggsx are pelagic dud aitit 1.1 to 1.2 mililiiieteis iii

(ldimeter . Thie- hatch iii aiboit 12 houirs. The 1\ ai :3 iiiilli-iiitersx at liatclioiii .5 miilliimeteirs at thriee daxx: iid abouitli0 iillimeiters x lei i It) dav old. lihe fix touind alilr tlie

d\inIx wi,Ilics ainid estuaijes ate 10) to 1:3 tlas ilil-od din

nhi iiiiiii of It) millimeters inl length. Fix atre dlxx ax x miii id

iii cledtr xx atei oxe i xi lxk lint toiii tliex (lit Hecic foiil iii

siltied xxittei or iii iix l boiii~ fittiomsi.

Feeding Habnits. Asx frx, iijlkhxli feedi oii ph)litooi iidmicrooi c iixii l d sxiriall iiidcroixeic hieiitli( in giiiii. Did-toii aie iapai ii t I their piriimaiy food soiiiee. I' edii ghabiits of the idultx cliiie xcix little friti that of the Irv.Ill thieir iltoial Ilailit, Ililkfixh iti- b eliexved to hie piiiiriilxlicntliixseciiixiiiiei fee-diog ii diatoiiii .ii c blie-ri ci .ilgitc.Aiiial oiiii coiinuiiet aire consiideired to lie iliietiliiiiitiirex to the xcetittixe diet. loxx cxci, suchi irgaliiiii

itx horiioiifera, Limiellili chiati, Gaxsti ipoda., (opep)(Li.,liirxal liiix ex, and egg. of fishi aire found1( ill digextixve tiraitxof iiiilkfixli. AXlxo Iiiild iare ililnei l piartit'cs(liii itiix, alit1

traginciitx of iiiulticellnlai x cgtitiii. \axenliti pliitx .iiidcectitii filiineiitotix algate are appai citlx takeii oilx~ afifitepinis liax, e gii toi decax \. -\lilkfixhi appi iialx feed, inlior(der of pireicreice, oil organixcux oii the Irnttoiii. ill tile Ilij-xx itei . ild oili the xililate.

It ix ircpiited that milkfixh icr tiiii ivi audi si tagex cd

ix(elixclx diii-iog the dta\ time.

Enxvironmnixtal Tlolerance. \iikfjish liaxe niuxuidi tohei-ice loii xx ide( fiiuctuiatiou u ill the ci x irooiieit, n((i ioi moe

timi most inn ine aoiinuiuix. iliex ie repo tid to tolci ateituges of xiiuiitx froint 0.1 to It) pii~t. TIhe\ call lix e' inl

xx aterillp to 40) ( hoxxecxri thex become xhwggixh atl ternl

[clilctiurex beioxx 20) (C. Snddu driopsi ill teiiij ili till i cxiitix ebeeui knidixwn to cauxe dlixcoiihuatiiiu i tempiorary d ix ldlieiicxx ioxiiethhig of xkiii lax cix.

Fry Collection and Marketing

'File tiliectioii dtti iuauketiiug of muilkfixli frlit ha tockiiigiiuti ponitxds ar xpecial phaxes iif the unilkhxli taiiii iii-

ixtix.

Co llect ion ofi Frv. Tihi Iirx are i ecexxaiii x collecte frntoi

coaxtal xx\\atiirx xince artificiai illealis of xjixx hug niilkfixh l uxet to he dexveiopei. The fix aire coliectetd diii-lug the

iotix of Apili to Octoiri xx ith at peak seaxol iii \1,1x and

jiii i. (:ollctiu g groodx are the xiii id xiiaiioxx aretaxatlong the xsiiiti ibeaciex of tue xoiutiirit hail of the coiitiN

Sciop iiets are emplox t't liii eoiiicttilig iliSIlx flxr ueaitue Tiiugkiug \iaiinc Liii attiu x, xxhere aiioiit 21) coilctourxxx(rk. Thi scii p xii 1 et x arc Consixt rucid i(t of b lxi polescii d cuiars xclothi. Each ix ci in ti n teti lby toiiiig the poIlexiiito iii .Xsiaped fitnie id attacluiiig ftle cioti to' foil ii

ibag ill oue-iiall of the X framie. 'Fie otheri haii ot the Li anlixerxe xs axnailiex. Thet ti iaigiali scioop s appriitex 2

minti xwxide itl tue hixse iid i2 metersx deep.

The iietx aire piwt 1ioiig xxxi'ill jiiixx" S aitIhxI k ii taiii xx alci inkle-dieep to xiciuldicr tieep. tatli net ix fisihedi foii

i1t to i5 ioitex iiefoi the ciat isrineii d. is ixi xitlji

the ucet are iai xextet ii\ gathci ii1d the li ctting hintoi a niail

bag of' aiiotit 2-iiteu x tiunie xxiiiie xiiuituuuouxix liitilg ftc

"'tli C ittiit llc t ' h u o t iliiiith e i catc ill t h I t eitit ti w Ifftt

1.3i lic(,I ito si r t o lt'!ti . Nlilixi ed t i x litiel xt i] I( )Xt'

it1

ii 4te \ tit \ of t-o I it' u'i i iii t i t!l l li i t~ uto h 'it' itiit o t hei(' ~ e eotitiix iu t~if'j'iift] iiil e ItII]\xoi tili .ix

f'i ofi I ficr ci del fu it cxix ~ifii sp~ i xlit fl i f oot t0 to

1:3' filfliters tttl etth . ifit' cif' i \ ito d pos i t 2 tfi)l~ix(

ittlatfx o ld it )(, ttjiftx. 13t'x t o.tfu' ttitt'jti xxj tf lci t I soitx

xfito sce ' m ittl itictihit ix ;t~ tillt iii bl owxxax t ltt it'sit suc it

h 'rx appears t e t'tlt'e ii xt'ile tth tit'.itt xfptt'iltifg l/li 4 ii

(,its1 i\ ivq ii tls abo t' i m iitcsi itkcif ifi h it'w lishrit Cii Ii I'(

.itiIf S t t'titiiit'tt' A If'') fhis at'f cx it l Iiff I x ji t c i i it t i

dp tihe i (idtl itt hili \ e ii tbou t x00 1 -\i ll iit . flit lix (it'c

pe ('ftxxitt te ii. oxi t ~ il .the ii c l itix i xItio l ffiitt se s l . i 1 iC' ilfii r i cct .ittit 'f iS1 s St% f\it ) oi flu fix. 'fI(,

ltxd oftfi hii iiiid) f tiies i t iit ix ei itit \%if Stilt( h(f ift

fix ott te ti s ift i i ftix x),% ixjt ll.it flso ietti k t'ttCf i i

tfit'ttitix lidt \iw ilfa liIcdxi itot tfx 'Nf oi ft iifif ireti

SII iti stiimit t be i tte tilfli f1oili it ix ofii t ii i lst~. ~ti

iitim hlc \ t ish aii ei I. titti iiiilki ujxf ititx to it' lti i

fillt'C illt Ift' jtarxi o fi ibou t idife s xIl fITi t tre ttiflitd

Mxid Sii TI titl itt' ideef.tj t Hittil \itf hlds it houpit ptiio

tippi i tfix i l ililt 3 0 0 Ifit jill itx. 1 it \ at ii fi'I fftt itre

Iedt\lti(( ii lie \6i0tx cc li~ li o f :32 oft i. e \Itfk fjxi .i'C'iit i\

it iti it\ e iii t i l the iix t il 711 fi il. H c t fi t 'atx x t'uxiii tu

'1 och ' iTittex cli ititii 3 ii 5 ii' h l te iijf 'ttd i ta~.fiti

Cif).3 I Itit-i tit i t elo _, ('f it idt' ittli iti ixa rit 1 I '.

No\ItIkjIi filhi x0 i x ttxjf il f a to xit tic1

t i t (m iit c'litti

lid ithil cii ixii ti I te t' x ir iT i tt it iii the it fiifix iii to . xitt

h .to ti o

fi' b ilx iiti xx ith i ti l xxiill itix i i h h it~ 2i till if it't iikftax

Workers are constructing a framework of bamboo poles overwhich is placed a layer of rice straw. When completed, thisstructure provides an effective windbreak and reduces fish mor-tality in wintering ponds.

Sttic'kiii Nui'ser'x Ponds. ish lioii ttt x l'ki te it'xx

Mlanagemnent of Production Ponds. Niilkfliih colii IliX

Pastorii is ill( t he li foi ('ficil'it pr0(Iic'ti(Iii of 1both. Th e

pasturei lotiij m tillll is tecliifi2 pol cIlh s co lixtio plilii

o I le- 1)ie'p l ati(ilio h diatiiicl i ii) ul xlllXelpci i (-il-

ider t4iox be ( xl'l prll 1'iiix lil to b,1 c~li toductonei

litii (dfiite1 \ 10 stit d xiil I c il('i( are isd dI th fiil e rsi

till'roducel lil tuli lil c l llox il'l~i the o ll t iIs (\ lt

'l()ctoe 1.5 io Poficix pond otttom aiti fiobsaequiilit x iTc

ill,' (1 th'patur z ire pro iaie dl to fi 1i ll mo t il- (i

illke dllitl glitex

I i'iiihci I1to Icill I i IIli I I is I 2 I V xiiit Ii cI xlto bel

Tlffe ~ ooi Ixli(4its itreimto l\ o toxxie I ot cii di h' 121)1( i

lit1ii~ tac t(f Tii e sietcrops . (, pei ic ickx deill(-sanl poo it i c ill ol' lix lp l t ie clixl lto (lciciix e

Aproimtidteio ci tcx oiii ateo re i 4tue 12(111(1ci

Octbe 1 illds l ]eud to1, (ITlli% iateihs iare thatli e ii

Nmellibeti I l xceii ~ite t ix tcrin cx id(1 ite piex

i'i'iiu ~ cal liv diix I cue4ssll i~t' i t 1ucY repix s i tic i i cliic ocii

(likeil gl ti x e dx i'l csi' li(itxii

\o\(,m(lx 15 P ti e b ottiu tor ri lept"illof aoiti tt ciiped

oni lica(illt tiliilel tle cxrlidi iteldi

Niai cii 7 VIt at i cic1iiiixieci'ae tO o izi 1 deciixxof 1 ill 1 lill( -it \~a olx itc' .r 1 occur xs. itc

Decmbe I ci iiiis' floote (((11/ll) xccih e a t

to i d th' o abut k. u1. Cc' ll the'liteix i

p it ix liX\ ti r 01pixiloil ei tiiii C pxxlot

Neill li21 I lOric ni txtciils u ix s i ic e tt hiot chillgl

I i 1.5e ctrm 1rss i icx ra Il to el i (lii siX l,

Mid i (~iciol TI m 1(1 ferilier Itc' tpica (cti i

i c' p 1 IX boi~i cll; c'xc't i ilii l c'filo te '

iic iait ail c o p tt tu 121 olacx ilx Xclp ll

Mil-ctIii,1c fiuxtilc'iifloo1IiC pciii I 'i repea1i.ted.'

xxei prc'litaixxclloi o\ilukc depth ilc Inil

arch 1i 5 Aiiotic' i liitictio o l tc'iiisc'i ix pox '

Nfitix I

N I lx 15

11111c 1.5

%% it I I 1it(ltili I o)1 'sl', %% Acr t he I Il( ' o11II

ix-\ xxllicli ,ir I to 4 ciii. ill siz'e ilc stockecd

its (,i t iilc o'I 1 Irol l u-cr 1111Xi X ll ills alld ll(,li

((II (4 ofle it' 11 fish. Th1 ese fishi xiii lbe

the (o ii lll] cio prdue P )li''liill l sciio.

Alii apJpliciiti(;ll of leitilizei ix iid' itI l('(lf((l.

I icl Ih Ii I d i Id1 last stock iti I i mai t x i

:1.500 fix- hit, Thes~'e ix- aiel ixo x oii( i

the-_\ c('dl fishxlid iit'e stocked 'l i) te iou11

seix\ Thlese fishi \viii be lxiiX (stedil i Octo-

teim 4 12olds.

iiiic :3tt 'fil hxt li ,s 't ix 112,ic xxlicli colliitx, oftiic hxii xtickc'c iii NMatcli.

Sepitemblelr 1.5 1 llic sc'cond cl u,1 x('t ix llli xx iicii cioniitxsof' tiic fish istoucked( iii Apili.

Ocoer1-- tondkis (4, i tieiix ii il t11itb lxx fishitli

stiiig (4 e trkisere toiii.er6it

Iflli' estilill Nhikii ic clil ixsh it( Ii fi lull ill', 1 2ii (Yel-

il i tthccr iixe'xx the fiixt ii Jiuie: thelc' oo x'(iill iSe'p-

2.5ff (4itiii pei fxsi. Gill iietx if ioiilohliil('cit Illexil a1re Ilixl.

NMesh xize is suchjl thiat iiiio i1 makctt,i' hxii iti takikci.

The( WC'iill iiil'xct ix ill %e1 te1'ibl' xxil 1 till fixii xtlck'ci

1,8til to 2,00 kilioirams (41 iX 111( seaixoi I. \evr I ~X 'l ill',

Bfureaiu lixtedi i 6,298 i li c iii iiiiiikhxii 12111(llitiiii andl

Milkfish pond being harvested by fishermen with gill nets, Sizeof net mesh permits fish that are below marketable size to passthrough.

Survival of Different Sizes of Milkfish. Survival of milk-fish is apparently very good although the fish appear to befragile. Disease and parasites are considered incidental byboth the farmers and the technical people. They considermortality to be due primarily to predation and mechanicalcauses. The following is the expected mortality for differentsizes of fish under specific conditions:

Mortality Fish size and conditions

1 to 2 per cent----. Fry transported from collecting grounds tomarket and then from market to nursery.

20 per cent------ Fry of 10 mm. to harvest size of 150 g. inproduction ponds.

2 per cent------- Fingerlings of 12 to 15 cm. to harvest sizeof 250 g. in production ponds.

2 per cent------ Fingerlings of 12 to 15 cm. in overwinter-ing ponds.

ITINERARY

June 2, 1971 Arrived Taipei, Taiwan

June 3 Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction(JCRR) Taoyuan Fish Propagation Admin-istration

June 4 JCRR

June 7-- Chupei Fish Culture Station

June 8 Tsengwen Tidal Land Milkfish FarmsMarkets for milkfish fryPrivately owned freshwater fish farms

June 9 Washan Tou Fish HatcheryMarkets for milkfish fry

June 10 - Tungkang Marine LaboratoryJune 11 JCRR

Departed Taipei, Taiwan