arul anandar college (autonomous), karumathur department ... · arul anandar college (autonomous),...

Arul Anandar College (Autonomous), Karumathur

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

B.SC. PHYSICS - CBCS (2015-2016 ONWARDS)

I SEMESTER

PART PAPER HRS CR

I 15UTAL11/

15UHNL11/

15UFNL11/

15USNL11

Tamil/

Hindi/

French

Spanish

6 4

II 15UENA11

15UENB11 English for Effective Communication-I

6 4

III

15UPYC11

15UPYP12

Core -1 Properties of matter and thermal physics

Physics Lab – I

5

3

5

--

15UMAB11 Allied – 1 Allied Mathematics-I 5 4

15UPYB11 Allied – 1 Allied Physics – I (for Maths)

15UPYR12 Allied Physics Lab (for Maths)

IV 15USBE11 Skill Based Elective-1 Programming in C 4 2

15UFCE11 FC-Personality Development 1 --

V 15UNSS/NCC/

PED/YRC/ROT

/ACF/NCB12

Extension Activities NSS/NCC/Phy.Edn./ YRC/

ROTARACT / AICUF / Nature Club

-- --

15UBRC11 Bridge Course -- 1

Total 30 20

II SEMESTER

I 15UTAL22/

15UHNL22/

15UFNL22/

15USNL22

Tamil/

Hindi/

French

Spanish

6 4

II 15UENA11

15UENB11 English for Effective Communication - II

6 4

III 15UPYC22 Core -2 Electricity & Electromagnetism

Physics Lab – 1

5

3

5

3

15UMAB22 Allied -2 Allied Mathematics - II 5 4

15UPYB22 Allied – 2 Allied Physics – II (for Maths)

15UPYR12 Allied Physics Lab (for Maths)

IV 15USBE22 Skill Based Elective-2 Programming in Visual

Basic

4 2

15UFCE22 FC- Social Analysis and Human Rights 1 1

V 15UNSS/NCC/

PED/YRC/ROT

/ACF/NCB12

Extension Activities NSS/NCC/Phy.Edn./ YRC/

ROTARACT / AICUF / Nature Club

-- 1

Total 30 24

(From the Academic year 2012-13 onwards)

III SEMESTER

PART PAPER HRS CR

I TAMIL/Hindi/French 6 4

II ENGLISH 6 4

III Core – 3 Basic Electronics 6 6

Physics Lab – II 3 ---

Allied -3 – Allied Chemistry - I

Theory 3 3

Allied Physics Lab 2 1

IV Basic Tamil/Advanced Tamil/Non Major Elective -1 (Arts)

Popular Physics 3 2

FC- Environmental Studies 1 --

V Extension Activities NSS/NCC/Phy.Edn./ YRC/

ROTARACT / AICUF / Nature Club -- --

Arise -- --

Total 30 20

IV SEMESTER

PART PAPER HRS CR

I TAMIL/Hindi/French 6 4

II ENGLISH 6 4

III Core – 4 Mechanics 3 3

Core – 5 Classical and Relativistic mechanics 3 3

Physics Lab – II 3 3

Allied -4 Allied Chemistry - II

Theory 3 3

Allied Physics Lab 2 1

IV Basic Tamil/Advanced Tamil/Non Major Elective (Science)

Basics of Applied Physics 3 2

F.C – Bioethics, Religions and Peace Studies / Catechism of

the Catholic Church 1 1

V Extension Activities NSS/NCC/Phy.Edn./ YRC/

ROTARACT / AICUF / Nature Club -- 1

ARISE -- 1

Total 30 26

V SEMESTER

PART PAPER HRS CR

Core – 6 Atomic physics 5 5

Core – 7 Physical optics& Molecular spectroscopy 5 5

Core – 8 Quantum mechanics 4 5

Core – 9 Digital Electronics 4 4

III Physics Lab – III 4 --

Physics Lab – IV 4 --

Core Elective – 1 Astrophysics / Information Technology 4 3

Total 30 22

VI SEMESTER

CORE

1. Nuclear Physics 5 5

2. Solid state Physics 5 5

III 3. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics 4 5

4. Introduction to Nanophysics 4 4

5. Physics Lab – III 4 4

6. Physics Lab – IV 4 4

CORE ELECTIVE

Basic Electric Principles & Applications/ Medical Physics 4 3

Total 30 30

SEMESTER I II III IV V VI TOTAL CREDITS 20 24 20 26 22 30 142

PART CREDITS

Part -I 16

Part -II 16

Total 32

Part -III

Core

Allied

Core Electives

74

16

06

Total 96

Part -IV

Non Major Elective

Skill Based Elective

Value Education

04

04

02

Total 10

Part -V 02

Bridge Course & ARISE 02

TOTAL 142

Elective for ARTS students : Popular Physics (III Sem.)

Elective for OTHER SCIENCE Students : Basics of Applied Physics (IV Sem.)

SELF LEARNING COURSES

SEMESTER PAPER

III Stellar Physics

IV Polymer science

V Non –Destructive Testing Techniques

VI Photonics

Head,

Department of Physics


Department of Physics - B.Sc. (Physics) Syllabus – 2015 - 16 onwards

Class : I year Part : III Core-1

Semester : I Total Hours : 75

Code : 15UPYC11 Credit : 5

PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THERMAL PHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To acquire the knowledge about the physical and thermal properties of

materials

Unit 1 VISCOSITY AND SURFACE TENSION (15 hrs)

Streamed line motion – turbulent motion – coefficient of viscosity and its dimension –

Rate of flow of liquid in a capillary tube – Poiseuill’s formula – Explained to

determine viscosity by variable pressure head. Definition and dimension of surface

tension – Excess of pressure over curved surfaces – Variation of surface tension with

temperature – Jaegar’s experiment

Unit 2 ELASTICITY (15 hrs)

Elastic Modulii – Definitions – Poisson’s Ratio – Relation between Different Elastic

Constants – Limiting Values of Poisson’s Ratio – Torsional Pendulum – Theory and

Experiment – Work done by twist – Bending of Beams – Bending Moment –

Cantilever Depression – Theory and Experiment – Uniform and Non – Uniform

Bending – Theory and Experiment.

Unit 3 GASEOUS STATE (15 hrs)

Two specific heats of a gas – Cp is greater than Cv – Relation between Cp and Cv

– Experimental determination of Cv - Jolly’s Method Isothermal Process – Adiabatic

Process – Gas Equation during an Adiabatic Process – slopes of Adiabatics and

Isothermals – Work done during an Isothermal Process – Work done during an

Adiabatic Process.

Unit 4 KINETIC THEORY I (15 hrs)

Degrees of Freedom – Maxwell’s Law of Equipartition of Energy – Atomicity of

gases and (gamma) – rms velocity (definition only) – Mean Free Path – Expression

– Transport Phenomena – Viscosity and Thermal Conduction of Gases-Liquefaction

of Helium - K. ones Method – Helium I and II – Adiabatic Demagnetization –

Experiment – Curie’s Law – Super Fluidity (Qualitative).

Unit 5 KINETIC THEORY II (15 hrs)

Nature of Heat – Vander waals equation of state – critical constants – corresponding

states – critical coefficient – reduced equation of state – properties of matter heat

critical point – Experimental determination of critical constants – Intermolecular

attraction – Porous plug Experiment – Theory of Porous plug Experiment – J.K. effect

– Temperature of inversion – Relation between Boyle’s temperature, temperature of

inversion and critical temperature

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Brijlal and Subramanyam, 1985, Properties of Matter- S. Chand Publishers, New

Delhi.

2. Murugeshan, R., 2002, Mechanics, Properties of Matter, Sound and Thermal Physics-

-1st edition.

REFERENCES:

1. D.S.Mathur, 2001, Elements of Properties of Matter--S.Chand& Co.,New Delhi.

2. Brijlal and Subramanyam, 1991, Heat and Thermodynamics-- S.Chand & Co., New

Delhi.

3. Murugeshan, R., 1987, Thermal Physics-- S.Chand&Co.,New Delhi. Halliday,

Resnick and Krane, 2002, Physics (Vol I), 5th

ed., John Wiley & sons.

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Allied Mathematics – I

(From 2015-16 onwards)

(A two-semester course for Physics and Chemistry Major Students)

Class : B.Sc. Physics & Chemistry Part : III/Allied-1

Semester : I Hours : 75

Subject Code: 15UMAB11 Credits : 4

Objective : To give the basic concepts in differential calculus, trigonometry and algebra.

Course Outline:

Unit 1: Successive differentiation – Leibnitz’s theorem (15 hours)

Unit 2: Curvature – radius of curvature – centre of curvature – radius of curvatures in

polar coordinates – evolutes (15 hours)

Unit 3: Trigonometry – expansions – hyperbolic functions – logarithm of complex

numbers. (15 hours)

Unit 4: Theory of equations – formations of equations - relation between the roots and

the co-efficients – sum of the powers of the roots - Reciprocal equations –

transformation of equations (15 hours)

Unit 5: Groups – subgroups – cyclic groups – order of a group – order of an element

(15 hours)

Book for Study:

1. Allied Mathematics – I (for Physics and Chemistry), Department of Maths, Arul

Anandar College (Autonomous), Karumathur, Britto Publishing House, January 2013.

Books for Reference:

1. Arumugam, S., “Ancillary Mathematics”, Paper II, New Gamma Publishing House,

Palayamkottai, 2007.

2. Kanna, M.L., “Differential Calculus”, Jai Prakash Nath and Co, Meerut City, 1998.


Department of Physics 2015 - 16 onwards

Class : I year Part : III Allied

Semester : I Total hours : 45

Code : 15UPYB11 Credit : 2

ALLIED PHYSICS PAPER-I :

(for Maths and Chemistry students)

MECHANICS, PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THERMAL PHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the physical and thermal properties of materials

Unit 1 Gravitation (12 hrs)

Kepler’s law of Planetary Motion - Law of Gravitation - Mass and Density of Earth

- Boy’s Method for ‘G’ – Compound Pendulum – Expression for Period – Experiment

to find ‘ g’ – variation of ‘g’ with latitude, altitude and depth.

Unit 2 Elasticity (13 hrs)

Elastic Modulii – Poisson’s Ratio - Beams – Expression for Bending Moment –

Determination of Young’s Modulus by Uniform Bending and Non – Uniform

Bending - Theory & Experiment –Torsion – Expression for couple per unit twist –

Work done in twisting – Torsional Pendulum – Theory – Experimental determination

of rigidity modulus of the material of a wire.

Unit 3 Heat (10 hrs)

Heat Conduction – Thermal Conductivity – Definition and Expression – Lees’ Disc

method for conductivity of a bad conductor - Analogy between heat and current flow

– Widemann – Franz law . Convection – Convection in the Atmosphere –

Atmospheric Pollution – Green House Effect. Radiation – Stefan’s Law of Radiation

– Determination of Stefan’s Constant by filament heating method.

Unit 4 Thermodynamics (10 hrs)

Heat Engines –Reversible and Irreversible Processes – Carnot’s Engine – Working –

Efficiency (derivation) - Second Law of Thermodynamics – Clausius and Kelvin’s

Statements – Entropy – Change of entropy in conversion of ice into steam.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Kulandaisamy, I., and Sebastian, S., 2011, Ancillary Physics – Properties of Matter

and Thermal Physics, Arul Anandar College, Karumathur.

REFERENCES:

1. Murugeshan, R., 1988, Mechanics, Properties of Matter and Sound- Prasad

Publishers, Madurai..

2. Murugeshan, R., 1987, Thermal Physics- Prasad Publishers, Madurai..

3. Palaniappan, M., 1993, Ancillary Physics-LMN Publication, Madurai.

4. Venkatachalam, N., 1993, Ancillary Physics-- CMN Publ., Madurai.



Class : I year Part : III Core-2

Semester : II Total hours : 75

Code : 15UPYC22 Credit : 5

ELECTRICITY & ELECTROMAGNETISM

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To grasp the principle behind the electrical components and simple electrical

instruments

Unit 1 Electricity: (12 hrs)

Electric Field and Electric Intensity – Electrostatic Potential – Gauss theorem-

Coulomb’s law Capacitors – Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor – Effect of

Introducing Dielectric Slab between the Plates – Energy of a Charged Capacitor –

Loss of Energy due to Sharing of Charges – Capacitors in Series and in Parallel –

temperature co-efficient of the resistance- Potentiometer – Calibration of Ammeter

and Voltmeter.

Unit 2 Electromagnetism (20 hrs)

Lorentz force - Biot – Savart’s Law - Magnetic induction at a point due to a straight

conductor carrying current – Magnetic induction at any point on the axis of a solenoid

– Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field – Force experienced by an

electron moving in a magnetic field – Torque on a current loop in a uniform magnetic

field – Moving coil Ballistic galvanometer – Current and voltage sensitiveness of a

moving coil galvanometer - Measurement of charge sensitiveness (Figure of merit of

BG) –Comparison of two capacitances using B.G. –Ampere’s circuital Law.

Hysteresis – Experiment to draw M.H. curve (Horizontal method) – Energy

dispersion in cycle – Importance of Hysteresis curve – Choice of magnetic material

Unit 3 Electromagnetic Induction (11 hours)

Laws of Electromagnetic Induction – Maxwell’s Equation – Self Induction – Self

Inductance (L) – L of a Long Solenoid - L by Rayleigh’s Method – Mutual Induction

– Mutual Inductance (M) – Experimental Determination of M – Coefficient of

Coupling– Eddy Current – Uses

Unit 4 Transient & Alternating Currents (18 hours)

DC Circuits– Growth and Decay of Current in a Circuit Containing L and R – Growth

and Decay of Charge in a Circuit Containing C and R –growth of charge in a circuit

inductance , capacitance and resistance.

Peak, Mean, and RMS Values of Alternating Current and Voltage– AC

Circuits Containing R only, L only, C only –LCR Series Resonance Circuits – Power

in AC Circuits – Power Factor – Watt Less Current – Choke – Principle and

Construction– Transformer – Construction – Theory– No Load on Load Conditions –

Energy Losses– Uses.

Unit 5 AC Bridges & Maxwell’s Equations (14 hours)

AC Bridges – General Principle –Anderson’s Bridge Desauty’s Bridge– wein’s

Bridge

Maxwell’s Equations – Introduction – Displacement Current – Maxwell’s Equations

in Material Media – Physical significance of Maxwell’s Equations – Plane

Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space – Determination of Velocity of Light –

Poynting Vector.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Murugeshan, R., 2006, Electricity and Magnetism - Chand & Co., New Delhi.

REFERENCES:

1. Palaniappan, M., 1993, Electromagnetism- LMN Publication, Madurai.

2. Brijlal and Subramanyam, 1997, Electricity and Magnetism -Ratan Prakashan

Publication, New Delhi.

3. Tayal, D.C., Electricity and Magnetism, 2009, Himalaya Publishing Company, New

Delhi

6. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, 2002, Physics (Vol II), 5th ed., John Wiley & sons.



Class : I year Part : III Core

Semester : I & II Total hours : 90 (45 per sem.)

Code : 15PPYP12 Credit : 3

PHYSICS LAB – I

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To apply the physics principles in the following experiments and

measure different physical properties

Any 14 of the following list of experiments:

1. Young’s Modulus - Uniform bending – Pin & Microscope

2. Young’s Modulus - Uniform bending – Optic lever & Telescope.

3. Young’s Modulus - Non-Uniform bending – Pin & Microscope

4. Young’s Modulus - Non-Uniform bending – Optic lever & Telescope.

5. Young’s Modulus - Cantilever

6. Torsion Pendulum - Rigidity Modulus and M.I of the disc

7. Compound Pendulum – Acceleration due to gravity

8. Specific heat capacity of liquid - Method of Cooling

9. Thermal conductivity – Lee’s disc method

10. Spectrometer - of solid prism

11. Spectrometer - of hollow prism

12. Spectrometer - Dispersive power of a prism

13. Sonometer - Frequency of the tuning fork

14. Potentiometer – Calibration of Low range voltmeter

15. Potentiometer – Calibration of Ammeter

16. Dipole Moment of a magnet - Tan C method

17. Comparison of dipole moments – Tan A ,Tan B simultaneous method

18. Potentiometer – Resistance and Specific resistance

19. Moving coil Galvanometer – Current and voltage sensitiveness

20. Thermo emf - Moving Coil Galvanometer

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Allied Mathematics – II

(From 2015-2016 onwards)

(A two-semester course for Physics and Chemistry Major Students)

Class : B.Sc. Physics & Chemistry Part : III/Allied-2

Semester : II Hours : 75

Subject Code : 15UMAB22 Credits : 4

Objective : To introduce the basic concepts in integral calculus, vector calculus, and

methods to solve differential equations

Course Outline:

Unit 1: Reduction formulae – Beta and Gamma functions – Fourier series (15 hours)

Unit 2: Vector calculus – differentiation of vectors – directional derivatives –

gradient, divergence and curl and their simple properties – directional

derivatives – solenoidal and irrotational fields

(15 hours)

Unit 3: Vector integration – line, surface and volume integrals – Green’s, Stoke’s and

Gauss theorems (Statements only) and their simple applications

(15 hours)

Unit 4: Exact differential equations – equations of first order but of higher degree –

solvable for p, y and x – Clairaut’s equations (15 hours)

Unit 5: Laplace transforms – solving differential equations using Laplace transforms

(15 hours)

Text Books:

1. Allied Mathematics – II (for Physics and Chemistry), Department of Maths, Arul

Anandar College (Autonomous),Karumathur, Britto Publishing House, January 2013.

Reference Books:

1. Arumugam, S. and Thangapandi Issac, “Calculus”, Volume II, New Gamma Publishing

House, Palayamkottai, 1999.

2. Sankara Narayanan, “Differential Equations and Applications”, Suja Publishers,

Palayamkottai, 1999.


Department of Physics– 2015 - 16 onwards

Class : I year Part : III Allied-2

Semester : II Total hours : 45

Code : 15UPYB22 Credit : 2

ALLIED PHYSICS PAPER-II :

(for Maths and Chemistry students )

OPTICS, ELECTRICITY, MODERN PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the basics of light, electricity, modern physics and electronics

Unit 1 Interference (12 hrs)

Interference in Thin Films (reflected light) – Theory – Colours of Thin Films – Air

Wedge – Theory and Experiment. Diffraction – Theory of Plane Transmission

Grating (normal incidence only) – Experiment to Determine the Wave Length of

Monochromatic Light. Polarization – Double Refraction – Nicol Prism –

Construction, Action and Uses - Optical Activity.

Unit 2 (10 hrs)

Torque on a Current loop – Ballistic Galvanometer – Theory and Working-

Electromagnetic Induction – Laws – Self Induction – L of a Solenoid – Mutual

Induction – M between a pair of Coils – Alternating Currents – RMS and Mean

Values – LCR Series Circuit – Resonance – Impedance – Power Factor – Wattless

Current – Choke

Unit 3 (10 hrs)

Photo Electricity – Laws – Einstein’s Equation (Derivation) –– Solar Cells – Principle

and Applications-Electron diffraction- GP Thomson’s Experiment with Theory –

Raman Effect – Stoke’s and Antistoke’s Lines – Quantum Theory – Experimental

Study – Applications.

Unit 4 (13 hrs)

Junction Diodes – Forward and Reverse Bias – Diode Characteristics – LED and

Zener – Bridge Rectifier with Filter Circuit (-section only)– Transistor – CE mode

characteristics

De Morgan’s Theorem – Proof with Truth Table – OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND

and XOR Gates – NAND and NOR Gates as Universal Building Blocks.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Kulandaisamy, I., and Sebastian, S., 2011, Ancillary Physics II- Optics, Electricity,

Modern Physics and Electronics, Arul Anandar College, Karumathur

REFERENCES:

1. Murugeshan, R., 2003, Optics, Spectroscopy and Modern physics, M.Shantha

publishers, New Dehli.

2. Murugeshan, R., 2008, Electricity and Electromagnetism, Chand & Company Ltd.,

New Dehli.

3. Murugeshan, R., Electricity and Electronics

4. Palaniappan, M., 1993, Ancillary Physics--LMN Publication, Madurai.

5. Venkatachalam, N., 1993, Ancillary Physics--CMN Publication, Madurai.





Code : Credit : 3

PHYSICS LAB

I Maths (aided and SF), II Chemistry 2012-13onwards

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










7. Comparison of Viscosities of two Liquids – Burette method


10. Air Wedge – Thickness of thin wire

11. Spectrometer – Grating – Normal Incidence method

12. Ballistic Galvanometer - Current & voltage sensitiveness

13. Series resonance circuit - Resonant frequency , Self-inductance (L) ,Q-factor & Band

width

14. Bridge Rectifier with filter – Determination of voltage regulation factor

15. Zener diode – V-I Characteristics- Voltage regulation

16. Transistor Characteristics –CE mode

17. Single stage amplifier _ CE mode – construction & measurement of Voltage gain

18. Hartley Oscillator – frequency of Oscillations

19. Logic Gates _ AND,OR , NOT , NAND , NOR Gates using IC’s

20. Demorgan’s theorem – Verification using IC’s



Class : II year Part : III Core-3

Semester : III Total hours : 90

Code : Credit : 6

BASIC ELECTRONICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the basics of electronics and electronic devices.

Unit 1 Network Analysis (15 hours)

Voltage and Current Sources – Linear and Nonlinear Networks – Superposition

Theorem – Reciprocity Theorem – Thevenin’s Theorem – Norton’s Theorem –

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem – Two Port Network Analysis – h parameters.

Unit 2 Solid State Devices (18 hours)

Zener Effect and Zener Diode – Characteristics – Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator –

Bridge Rectifier – Filter Circuits – Shunt Capacitor Filter– Voltage Regulation using

IC 7800 and 7900 series – Voltage Multiplier – Doubler – Tripler - Clipping and

Clamping Circuits – Positive and Negative clipping - Positive and Negative clamping.

Unit 3 Transistors (18 hours)

Biasing – Load Line – Quiescent Point –Stability of Q Point – Fixed Bias – Emitter

Feed Back Bias – Universal Divider Bias –. FET – Working Principles of JFET –

Output Characteristics of JFET –Working Principles of SCR and UJT –Application of

UJT as an oscillator.

Unit 4 Amplifiers and Oscillators (19 hours)

Amplifiers – Common Emitter Type –Voltage Gain – Frequency Response of

Amplifiers: Low, Mid and High Frequency responses - Common Base and Common

Collector Amplifiers (Basics only) – Push Pull Amplifier.

Oscillators – Feedback Principle – Types of Feedback – Advantage of Negative Feed

Back – Barkhausen Criterion – Hartley, Colpitt and Phase Shift Oscillators –

Multivibrators - Transistor Version of Bi-stable and Astable Multivibrator.

Unit 5 Opto Electronics and Operational Amplifiers (20 hours)

Opto Electronics – LED, LCD, LDR, Photo Transistor, Photo Resistor and Photo

diodes – Characteristics and Applications. OPAMP – Characteristics – Non Inverting

Amplifier – Inverting Amplifier – Expressions for Gain – Concept of Virtual Ground

– Applications as Adder, Subtractor, Differentiator, Comparator and Filters.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Theraja. B.L., 1998, Basic Electronics, S.Chand and Co. New Delhi.

[Unit I – Ch.4 (relevant titles),

Unit II – Ch.14,15,17 (relevant titles),

Unit III – Ch.18,26,27 (relevant titles),

Unit IV – Ch.22, 28,29 (relevant titles),

Unit V – Ch.16, 31 (relevant titles)]

REFERENCES:

1. Ambrose, A and Devaraj Vincent, J., 1986, Elements of Solid State Electronics -

Mera Publications, Karangal.

2. Mehta, V., 1999, Principles of Electronics, S.Chand and Co., New Delhi.

3. Milman and Halkias, 1986, Electronics Fundamentals and Applications, McGraw

Hill, New Delhi.

4. Malvino, 1989, Electronic Principles, 4th

ed., McGraw Hill.

5. Grob & Schultz, 2003, Basic Electronics, 9th

ed., Tata McGraw Hill.

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

ALLIED CHEMISTRY [For First Year Maths and II Year Physics]

(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)


Semester : I / III Hours : 45

Code : 12CMA114 Credit : 4

Objectives

To enable the student to understand

o Concept of Chemical bonding

o Basic Industrial chemical processes used in fuels and in the synthesis of petrol

o Stereoisomerism in Organic Chemistry and the relation between the structure

of molecules and their colour

o Rates of chemical reactions, order and its determination and the application of

Le Chatelier’s principle in equilibrium processes

Unit I

Chemical Bonding

1. Covalent bond: orbital overlap, hybridization, geometry of organic molecules- CH4, C2H4,

C2H2, C6H6- Molecular orbital theory, bonding, antibonding and non-bonding orbitals.

Molecular orbitals. MO configuration of H2, N2, O2, F2. Bond order.

2. Diborane: Preparation and properties, structure, preparation and uses of NaHB4, Borazole

Unit II

Industrial Chemistry

Synthesis, properties and uses of silicones. Fuel gases: natural gas, water gas,

semi-water gas, carburetted water gas, producer gas, oil gas – composition and uses.

Synthetic petrol.

Unit III

Optical isomerism: symmetry, elements of symmetry. Cause of optical activity, tartaric acid,

Racemisation, Resolution – definition. Geometric isomerism of maleic and fumaric acids.

Distinguishing geometrical isomers on the basis of dipole moments.

Unit IV

Colour and constitution: chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift,

hyperchromic effect, hypochromic effect.

Dyes: Classification of dyes. Azo, phthalein and triphenylmethane dyes- Preparation of

methyl orange, phenolphthalein and Bismarck brown.

Unit V:

Kinetics and equilibrium

Rate, order, molecularity, pseudo first order, determination of order. Measurement of reaction

rate. Effect of temperature on the rate – Arrhenius equation. Energy of activation.

Reversible reaction. Equilibrium constant. Kp and Kc. Le-Chatelier principle - ammonia

equilibrium.

Text Book

Course material provided by the Department



Class : II year Part : III NME-1


Code : 12PNEA32 Credit : 2

POPULAR PHYSICS – (elective for arts students)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the nature of light and sound, sources of energy,

communications, physics of the body and astrophysics.

Unit 1 Light And Sound (9 hours)

Nature of light – Sources of light – Properties of light – Velocity of light - Dispersion,

Scattering – Rainbow, Blue of sky (introductory ideas) - Visible range

Nature of sound waves – Characteristics of sounds – Velocity of sound - Echo –

Acoustics of buildings- Ultrasonics – Applications – SONAR - Lightening and

thunder.

Unit 2 Energy Physics (9 hours)

Introduction – Different forms of energy – Conventional and non-conventional energy

sources – Solar energy - Wind energy – Tidal energy – Nuclear energies – Hydrogen

energy – Applications

Unit 3 Communications (9 hours)

Introduction – Radio – Television – Transmission of TV signals – Microwaves –

Communication satellites – Components of a satellite – Radar – Fiber optics -

Introduction– light propagation –fibre optic communication – advantages.

Unit 4 Astrophysics (9hours)

The Universe - Solar system – The Sun – The Planets – Satellites and rings– The

Seasons and Sunshine – The seasons at different latitudes – Time – Standard time -

Geometry of a lunar eclipse – Appearance of lunar eclipse – Eclipses of the sun –

Total eclipse – Annular and partial eclipse

Unit 5 Medical Physics (9 hours)

Parts & Defects of eyes – Body temperature and Blood pressure – Ultrasounds and its

uses in medicine – Lasers and its applications in medicine – Nuclear medicines – X-

ray – MRI – ECG – CT scan – Bloodless surgery.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Lecture notes

REFERENCES:

1. Krishnamurthy, S., et al., Ancillary Physics, Optics and Sound (Unit – I).

2. Murugesan, R., Sound, Prasad Publications, Madurai (Unit – I).

3. Rai, G.D., 2005, Non-conventional sources of Energy- 4th Ed., Khanna

Publishers, New Delhi. (Unit II - Ch.1 – 1.1, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, relevant topics in 1.4.3, 1.5)

4. Alexis Leon and Mathews Leon, Fundamentals of Information Technology, UBS

Publishers distributors Ltd. (Unit II - relevant topics in Ch.19)

5. Abell, Morrison and Wolf, 1987, Exploration of the Universe, 5th ed., Saunders

College Publ. (Unit IV - relevant topics in Sections 1.3, 6.2, 6.3, 7.2, 7.3, 12.1, 28.1)

6. John R. Cameron and James G. Skofronick, 1978, Medical Physics, John Willy &

Sons (Unit V – relevant topics in 8.4, 14.4, 12.1, 15.8, 15.9, 17.1, X-ray, MRI, ECG ,

CT scan, Bloodless surgery – 16.2, 17.6, 9.4, 16.6, 4.6).


Department of Physics - B.Sc. (Physics) Syllabus – 2015-16 onwards

Class : II year Part : Self-Learning Course

Semester : III Credit: 3

Code :

STELLAR PHYSICS

(Self-Learning Course - Offered by Department of Physics)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the basic physics behind the stars

Unit I: On the way to the stars - The Pauli principle – bosons – fermions – wave function –

probability density – degeneracy pressure.

Unit II: Black body radiation – Stefen Boltzmann law – photon – energy – energy density –

Nuclear forces – nucleon-nucleon potential diagram.

Unit III: Bohr radius and energy of the first orbit of hydrogen and deuteron - Something

about stars: The forces at work – A bird’s eye view – the virial theorem

Unit IV: Classical gas – electrons want space – small hot star – smallest size possible at

Tmax – when no star – smallest planet possible.

Unit V: Some further thoughts – Chandrasekar and his limit – white dwarf – neutron star.

Book for study:

1. Why are things the way they are? – G.Venkataraman, Universities Press

2. Introduction to Astronomy – Nicholes A.Panindes, Addison Wesley.




Semester : IV Total hours : 45

Code : 12PYC143 Credit : 3

MECHANICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To study the dynamics of rigid bodies and understand their physical

properties

Unit 1 Projectile Motion (10Hours)

Forces on a projectile – Displacement as a combination of vertical and horizontal

displacements-Distance of focus from the point of projection (Definition only)-

Results pertaining to the motion of a projectile-Maximum horizontal range for a given

velocity-Two trajectories with a given speed and range, Projectile projected on an

inclined plane

Unit 2 Impulse and Impact (12Hours)

Impulsive Force – Conservation of linear momentum, Impact of sphere- Laws of

impact, Impact of Two Smooth spheres-Direct Impact of Two Smooth Spheres,

Impact of a smooth sphere on a plane- Direct impact of a smooth sphere on a plane-

Oblique impact of a smooth sphere on a plane, Oblique impact of Two smooth

spheres

Unit 3 Dynamics of Rigid Bodies (13 Hours)

Moment of Inertia- Circular ring- Right circular hollow cylinder - Circular lamina –

solid right circular cylinder - Solid sphere – Solid right circular cone - Spherical shell-

Rod - Rectangular Lamina – Elliptical lamina – Parabolic lamina, Perpendicular and

parallel axis theorems

Unit 4 Two dimensional motion of a rigid body (10Hours)

Motion of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis – Compound pendulum – Reaction

of the axis of the rigid body revolving about it, Equation of motion for two

dimensional motion– Motion of a uniform circular disc rolling down an inclined plane

– motion of a system having a heavy pulley

TEXT BOOKS:

1. P. Duraipandian, LaxmiDuraipandian and MuthamizhJayapragasam Sixth revised

edition 2005, S. Chand& company Ltd, New Delhi.

Unit1: 13.1, 13.1.1, 13.1.3, 13.1.4, 13.1.5, 13.2

Unit2: 14.1-14.5

Unit3: 17.1, 17.1.1, 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2.1

Unit4: 18

REFERENCES:

1. Murugeshan, R., 1999, Mechanics & Mathematical Methods, Sulthan Chand & Sons,

New Delhi.

2. Narayanamurthy, M. &Nagarathnam, 1991, Dynamics - National Publishing, New

Delhi.






CLASSICAL AND RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: (i)To understand the mechanics of systems of particles and their equations of

motion.

(ii) To study the concept of relativity.

Unit 1 Mechanics of a System of Particles (10 hours)

External and Internal force, Centre of Mass – Conservation of Linear momentum –

Conservation of Angular momentum –Conservation of Energy (K.E., P.E.) -

Conservation theorem – (Example Box Train)

Constraints: Examples – Generalized Coordinates (Transformation Equations),

Principle of Virtual Work – D’Alembert’s Principle.

Unit 2 Lagrangian Formulation (10 hours)

Lagrangian Equations from D’Alembert’s Principle. (Derivation) – Examples (Simple

Pendulum, Atwood’s Machine, Compound Pendulum, Motion under central force),

Lagrangian Equations in presence of Non-Conservative.

Unit 3 HAMILTONIAN FORMULATION (9 hours)

Hamiltonian Function H and conservation of energy(Jacobi’s Integral) – Physical

significance, Hamilton’s Equations (Derivation) –Examples in Hamiltonian Dynamics

(Harmonic oscillator, motion of a particle in central force field, Compound Pendulum,

Two Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator – In Cartesian coordinates only)

Unit 4 Relativistic Mechanics I (8 hours)

Frame of Reference – Galilean Transformation – Ether Hypothesis – Michelson and

Morley Experiment – Explanation of Negative Result.

Unit 5 Relativistic Mechanics II (8 hours)

Postulates of Special Theory – Lorentz Transformation Equations – Length

Contraction – Time Dilation – Meson Decay – Simultaneity of Events – Addition of

Velocities –General Theory of Relativity – An Outline - Gravitational Red Shift.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. J.C. Upadhyaya July 2005, Classical Mechanics, Published by Himalya Publishing

House, Mumbai

Unit1:1.7.1, 1.7.2, 1.7.3, 1.7.5, 1.7.8- (a, b , c), 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6

Unit2: 2.7, (Example 2, 3, 5, 8), 2.9, 2.14(2 only)

Unit3: 3.4, 3.5, 3.7(1, 2, 4, 5(a))

2. Murugeshan, R., 1995, Modern Physics, S.Chand and Co., New Delhi.

(Unit IV & V – Ch.1).

REFERENCES:

1. Gupta,B.D., Satyaprakash, 1991, Classical Mechanics, 9th ed., Kadernath Ramnath

Publ., Meerut

2. Gupta, Kumar, Sharma, 2005, Classical Mechanics, PragatiPrakashan Publ., Meerut.

3. Murray R.Spiegal, 1981, Theoretical Mechanics, Schaum’s outline series, Mc Graw

Hill Publ. Co., New Delhi.

4. Goldstein, 2001, Classical Mechanics, II Edition, Narosa Publishing Co.

5. French, A.P., Special theory of relativity, Van Nostran Rainhold Company.



Class : II year Total hours : 90

Semester : III & IV Credit : 6

Code : Hours/Week : 3

PHYSICS LAB – II

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To apply the physics principles of electricity, optics, electronics and magnetism

in the following experiments and measure different physical properties


1.Field along the axis of the coil – Vibration magnetometer

2. Determination of M and BH – Tan A and Tan B

3. Potentiometer – Calibration of high range voltmeter

4. B.G. – Current and voltage sensitiveness

5. B.G. – Charge sensitiveness

6. B.G – Thermo emf

7. Spectrometer – i-d curve

8. Spectrometer – i-i’ curve

9. Spectrometer – grating – normal incidence method

10. Spectrometer – grating – oblique incidence method

11. Spectrometer – Cauchy’s constant

12. Newton’s rings – radius of curvature

13. Bridge rectifier – with pi filter

14. Field along the axis of the coil – deflection magnetometer

15. Zener diode – V-I characteristics, Voltage regulation

16. Single stage RC coupled amplifier – CE mode

17. Hartley oscillator

18. Voltage doubler and tripler

19. Transistor static characteristics – CE mode


DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

ALLIED CHEMISTRY [For First Year Maths and II Year Physics]

(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards under the New CBCS)


Semester : II & IV total hours : 45

Code : 12CMA223 Credit : 3

ALLIED CHEMISTRY –II

Objectives

To enable the student to understand

Principle behind metallurgical processes

Structure and bonding in coordination compounds

Preparation and reactions of aminoacids and carbohydrates

Principles of chemical energetics, relation between heat and work and the concept of

free energy

Electrolytic conductance and electrochemical cells

Unit I

Metals -General methods of extraction of metals. Types of ores. Methods of ore dressing..

Reduction methods, electrical methods, types of refining Van Arkel and Zone refining.

Unit II

Coordination chemistry - Nomenclature. Werner theory. Chelation- examples. Haemoglobin

Chlorophyll - functions. EDTA and its applications in analysis.

Unit III

Amino Acids: Classification, preparation and properties of glycine and alanine. Isoelectric

point and zwitter ion. Peptide bond.

Classification of proteins by physical properties and by biological functions.

Carbohydartes: classification, preparation and properties of glucose and fructose. Conversion

of glucose to fructose and vice versa.

Unit IV

Energetics- Definition of first law thermodynamics. Types of systems. Reversible,

irreversible. Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Joule-Thomson effect. Enthalpy, bond

energy. Need for the second law. Entropy and its significance. Free energy change in a

chemical reaction. Spontaneous processes – Criteria of spontaneity of chemical reaction.

Unit V

Electrochemistry Measurement of conductance. Kohlraush’s law. pH determination.

Conductometric titrations. Salt hydrolysis. Buffer solutions and buffer action. Galvanic

cells, e.m.f. standard electrode potentials, reference electrodes. Electrochemical series and its

applications.

Text Book

Course material provided by the Department





Code : Credit : 3

PHYSICS LAB

I Maths (aided and SF), II Chemistry 2012-13onwards

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










7. Comparison of Viscosities of two Liquids – Burette method


10. Air Wedge – Thickness of thin wire

11. Spectrometer – Grating – Normal Incidence method

12. Ballistic Galvanometer - Current & voltage sensitiveness

13. Series resonance circuit - Resonant frequency , Self-inductance (L) ,Q-factor & Band

width

14. Bridge Rectifier with filter – Determination of voltage regulation factor

15. Zener diode – V-I Characteristics- Voltage regulation

16. Transistor Characteristics –CE mode

17. Single stage amplifier _ CE mode – construction & measurement of Voltage gain

18. Hartley Oscillator – frequency of Oscillations

19. Logic Gates _ AND,OR , NOT , NAND , NOR Gates using IC’s

20. Demorgan’s theorem – Verification using IC’s



Class : II year Part : III NME-2


Code : 14UPYN24 Credit : 2

BASICS OF APPLIED PHYSICS (For other science students)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To understand the basic concepts and applications of Electricity, Lasers,

Communications, Spectroscopy, Medical Physics and Astrophysics.

Unit 1 Heating Effects of electric current (9 Hours)

Joules law of heating-materials for heating elements- applications of heating effect

(Incandescent lamps, electric iron, water heater, electric kettle)

Fuses (Parts, types, precautions) - Electromagnetic Induction, mutual induction-

transformers-types-uses

Unit 2 Communication Physics (9 Hours)

Introduction – Radio – Television –Transmission of TV signals – Microwaves –

Communication satellites – satellite orbit – Components of a satellite – Radar – Fiber

optics - Introduction – Fibre construction – light propagation – Numerical aperture –

fibre optic communication – advantages

Unit 3 Spectroscopy & Lasers (9 Hours)

Introduction - Infrared Spectroscopy – Uses - Ultra Violet Spectroscopy- Applications

- Raman effect – applications. LASERS: Induced, spontaneous and stimulated

emission – Principles – population inversion- pumping – Ruby Laser – He-Ne Laser –

Semiconductor Laser – properties and uses of Laser.

Unit 4 Medical Physics (9 Hours)

Parts &Defects of eyes – Body temperature and Blood pressure – Ultrasounds and its

uses in medicine – Lasers and its applications in medicine – Nuclear medicines – X-

ray – MRI – ECG – CT scan – Bloodless surgery.

Unit 5 Astrophysics (9 Hours)

The Universe - Solar system – The Sun – The Planets – Satellites and rings– The

Seasons and Sunshine – The seasons at different latitudes – Time – Standard time -

Geometry of a lunar eclipse – Appearance of lunar eclipse – Eclipses of the sun –

Total eclipse – Annular and partial eclipse

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Lecture notes

REFERENCES:

1. Murugeshan, R.&KiruthigaSivarakash, 2006, Optics and Spectroscopy, S. Chand&

Publ.

(Unit I & II– relevant topics in Ch.5)

2. Alexis Leon and Mathews Leon, Fundamentals of Information Technology, UBS

Publishers distributors Ltd.

(Unit II – relevant topics in Ch.19)

3. Bloom field, Saul and Thompson, 1989, Essential Science: Physics, Oxford

University Press.

(Unit III - Ch.6- Sections 6.4-6.6)

4. John R. Cameron and James G.Skofronick, 1978, Medical Physics,John Willy &

Sons.

(Unit IV – relevant topics in 8.4, 14.4, 12.1, 15.8, 15.9, 17.1, X-ray, MRI, ECG , CT

scan, Bloodless surgery – 16.2, 17.6, 9.4, 16.6, 4.6).

5. Abell, Morrison and Wolf, 1987, Exploration of the Universe, 5th ed., Saunders

College Publ.

(Unit V - relevant topics in Sections 1.3, 6.2, 6.3, 7.2, 7.3, 12.1, 28.1)

6. P.S. Dhogal, 1988, Basic Electrical Engineering, Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing

company Ltd, New Delhi.


Department of Physics - B.Sc. (Physics) Syllabus – 2015-16onwards


Semester : IV Credit : 3

Code :

POLYMER SCIENCE

(Self Learning Course - Offered by Department of Physics)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the basic physics behind the polymer compounds

Unit I: Molecular weight- Monomer – Polymer- Plastics – Rubber – Number averaged

Molecular Weight- Weight averaged Molecular Weight – Determination of molecular weight

of polymers by viscosity method

Unit II: Degree of Polymerization - Chain length – Glass Transition temperature

Unit III: Linear Polymers – Cross- linked Polymers

Unit IV: DSC diagram for a typical Polymer – use of DSC diagram to find glass transition

temperature

Unit V: Melting temperature – Industrial Polymers – Bio polymers.

Books for Reference :

1 . A Text Book of Polymer Science : Gowrikar ( Chapters 1,2,3)

2. A Text Book of Polymer Science : Billmeyer ( Chapters 1 &2 )

3. Notes compiled by the course teacher



Class : III Year Part : III Core-6

Semester : V Hours : 75


ATOMIC PHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To grasp the principle behind

(i) the wave- particle duality and

(ii) the structure of atoms and their spectra.

UNIT I Particle Properties of Waves (15 hours)

Photoelectric Effect – Quantum Theory of Light – Planck’s Hypothesis – Radiation

Laws – X-Rays – X-Ray Diffraction – X-Ray Spectra – Duane Hunt Law – Mosley’s

Law – Compton Effect.

UNIT II Wave Properties of Particles (15 hours)

De Broglie Waves – Wave Function – De Broglie Wave Velocity – Wave and Group

Velocities – Diffraction of Particles – Davidson - Germer experiment – Uncertainty

Principle – Applications – Wave Particle Duality.

UNIT III Atomic models (15 hours)

Rutherford Alpha Particle Scattering Theory – Bohr Model (No Theory) – Origin of

Hydrogen Spectra – Somerfield’s Model with Theory – Fine Structure of H-Alpha

Line – Vector Atom Model – Quantum Numbers – L-S and j-j Coupling – Pauli

Exclusion Principle – Electronic Configuration of Elements – Periodic Classification.

UNIT IV Magnetic Dipole Moment & Spectra (15 hours)

Magnetic Dipole Moment of An Electron due to Orbital and Spin Motion – Bohr

Magnetron – Stern and Gerlach Experiment – Spin Orbit Coupling. Spectral Terms

and Notation – Selection Rule – Intensity Rule – Interval Rule – Find Structure of

Sodium D Line – Hyperfine Structure

UNIT V Magnetic and Electric field effects (15 hours)

Zeeman Effect – Experimental Arrangement – Larmor’s Theorem – Quantum

Mechanical Explanation of the Normal Zeeman Effect – Anamolous Zeeman Effect –

Theoretical Explanation – Lande’s Factor – Explanation of Splitting of D1, D2 Lines

of Sodium – Paschen Back Effect – Stark Effect (Basic Principles Only).

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Beiser Arthur, 1969, Perspectives of Modern Physics, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

(Unit I – Ch.2 & Unit II – Ch.3)

2. Murugesan, R., 1995, Modern Physics, S. Chand Publications, New Delhi. (Unit III,

IV & V – relevant titles in Chap.4)

REFERENCES:

1. Richtmeyer, Kensard, Cooper, 1976, Modern Physics, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

2. Arthur Beiser, 1987, Concepts of Modern Physics, McGraw Hill, Singapore.

3. Halliday & Resnick, 2001, Fundamentals of Physics, 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons.






PHYSICAL OPTICS AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To understand the basics of

(i) Optical phenomena such as interference, diffraction and polarization,

(ii) Various emission spectra and their origin.

UNIT I Interference (12 hours)

Huygen’s Principle – Coherent Sources – Young’s Experiment – Interference Fringes

– Intensity Distribution in the Fringe System – Fresnel’s Biprism – Determination of

Wave Length –Michelson’s Interferometer – Air Wedge – Experiment – Newton’s

Rings – Determination of and - sharpness of the fringes – Fabry Perot

Interferometer – Intensity Distribution.

UNIT II Diffraction (12 hours)

Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction – Diffraction at a Straight Edge –Plane

Transmission Diffraction Grating – Theory and Experiment – Normal and Oblique

Incidence – Absent Spectra – Overlapping of Spectral Lines – Dispersive Power of

Grating – Resolving Power of a Prism and Plane Transmission Grating – Comparison

of Prism and Grating Spectra.

UNIT III Polarization (15 hours)

Polarization by Reflection – Polarizing Angle and Brewster’s Law – Polarization by a

Pile of Plates – Law of Malus – Polarization by Dichroic Crystals – Double

Refraction – Optic Axis – Principal Section and Planes – Polarization by Double

Refraction – Nicol Prism – Parallel and Crossed Polarizers – Refraction by Calcite

Prisms.

UNIT IV Introduction to Spectroscopy (16 hours)

Characterization of Electromagnetic Radiation – The Quantization of Energy –

Region of the Spectrum – Frequency, Wave Number and Wavelength – Types Energy

Possessed by Molecules – Width and Intensity of Spectral Lines – Microwave

Spectroscopy – Rotation of Molecules – Rotational Spectra – Diatomic Molecules.

UNIT V IR & Raman spectroscopy (20 hours)

Infra-Red Spectroscopy – Vibrating Diatomic Molecule – Diatomic Vibrating Rotator

– Vibration – Rotation Spectrum of Carbon Mono Oxide – Breakdown of the Born –

Oppenheimer Approximation. Raman Spectroscopy – Discovery – Experimental

Study – Characteristics of Raman Line – Quantum Theory –Raman Activity of

Vibrations.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Brijlal and Subramanyam and Avadhanulu, 2006, 23rd

Edn.,Textbook of Optics,

S.Chand and Company, New Delhi.

(Unit 1– Chapter 14.5 -14.9,15.5-15.8,15.11.4,15.12

Unit 2– Chapter 17.7, 17.10,18.7

Unit 3 - 20.5.1, 20.5.1.1,20.5.2, 20.8.1, 20.8.2, 20.8.3, 20.5.5, 20.6, 20.6.1)

2. Banwell, C.N. & McCash,E.M., 2007, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy,

Tata McGraw Hill, 4th ed.

(Unit 4 – Chapter 1.1-1.3, 1.7, Chapter 2.1- 2.3,

Unit 5 – Chapter 3.1-3.4, Chapter 4.1.1, 4.3.1 )

REFERENCES:

1. Jenkins and White, 1981, Fundamentals of Optics-McGraw Hill International

2. Pedrotti and Pedrotti, 1987, Introduction to Optics- Prentice Hall International.

3. Murugeshan, R.& Kiruthiga Sivarakash, 2006, Optics and Spectroscopy, S. Chand &

Publ.

4. Arendt, 1988, Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics.






QUANTUM MECHANICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To understand the quantum nature of particles and their wave equations.

Unit I Origin of Quantum Theory (15hours)

Inadequacy of classical mechanics-Difficulties with classical theories–Planck’s

quantum hypothesis- quantum theory of radiations and photons- applications of

quantum theory (ideas only) - Schrodinger’s Time independent and Time dependent

equations – Physical Interpretation of the Wave Function – Normalised and

Orthogonal Wave Functions – Solution of the Schrodinger’s Equation – Stationary

State Solutions – Expectation Values – Conservation of Probability Current Density –

Ehrenfest’s Theorem.

Unit II Operators (10 hours)

Operators – Commutators – Eigen Functions – Eigen Values – Postulates of Quantum

Mechanics – Hermitian Operators – Properties – Operators for r, p, L and H –

Commutation Relations.

Unit III Applications of Schrodinger Equation I (10 hours)

Free States – Free Particle -Step potential – Rectangular Barrier – Square Well

Potential - Bound States – Infinite Well - Particle in a Box – Degeneracy.

Unit IV Applications of Schrodinger Equation II (10 hours)

Linear Harmonic Oscillator – One Dimensional Case -Eigen Values – Significance of

Zero Point Energy –Hydrogen atom (only angular part and no derivation).

Unit V Angular Momentum and spin (15 hours)

The angular momentum operators – Angular momentum commutation relations –

Eigen values and Eigen functions of L2 and LZ – General angular momentum – Eigen

values of J2 and JZ – Angular momentum matrices – Spin angular momentum

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Aruldhas, 2007, Quantum Mechanics, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

(Unit 1 – Chapter 1.1, 1.2, Chapter 2.8, 2.5, 2.6, 2.9, 2.7, 2.10;

Unit 2 – Chapter 3.2- 3.5, 3.10

Unit 5 – Chapter 8.1-8.7)

2. Satya Prakash & Swati Saluja, 2006, Quantum Mechanics, Kedarnath and Ramnath

Publ. Meerut.

[Unit I – Ch.2 – 2.3,2.8,2.10,2.11,2.14 – 2.19),

Unit 2 – Ch.7 -7.7, 7.10- 7.16, 7.21 - 7.24

Unit 3– Ch.5- 5.1, 5.2, 5.4-5.6, 5.8,

Unit 4 – Ch.5- 5.9, Ch.6.5]

REFERENCES:

1. Arthur Beiser, 1969, Perspectives of Modern Physics, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

2. Murugeshan, R., 1995, Modern Physics, S.Chand Publ., New Delhi.

3. Gupta, S.L. & Kumar, V., 1997, Quantum mechanics, Jai Prakash Nath & Company,

Meerut. (Unit I - Ch.1 – 1.1 – 1.5, 1.11, 1.12)

4. Powell, J.W. & Craseman, B., 1993, Quantum mechanics, Narosa Publ., New Delhi.

5. Chatwall, G.R. & Anand, S.K., 2006, Quantum mechanics, Himalaya Publ., Mumbai.






DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To understand the basics of digital electronics, number systems, and

electronic devices such as ICs and microprocessors.

Unit I Number Systems (14 hours)

The Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal – Inter Conversions – Binary Addition –

Subtraction – 1’s and 2’s Complement Method – Binary Multiplication – Division –

The ASCII Code – Logic Gates – Boolean Algebra – Postulates of Boolean Algebra –

Duality Theorem in Boolean Algebra – De-Morgan’s Theorem – Logic Gates – OR,

AND, NOT, NAND, NOR and Ex-OR Gates – NAND & NOR as Universal Building

Blocks – NAND-NAND System – NOR-NOR System – Reducing Boolean

Expressions and Logic Diagrams.

Unit II Combinational Logic (10 hours)

Introduction – Sum-of-Products Method(SOP) – Product-of-Sums (POS) – Minterm

and Maxterm – The Karnaugh-Map Representation – Three-Variable Maps – Four

Variable maps – Pairs – Quads and Octets - SOP and POS simplifications using K-

map-logic diagrams – Data processing circuits : Multiplexers & Demultiplexer

(principle only), Encoder & decoder (principle only) – Half adder and full adder.

Unit III Flip-Flops & Timers (10 hours)

RS flip-flop – clocked RS flip-flop – Edge triggered D flip-flop – JK flip-flop – JK

Master – Slave flip-flop (Using NANDs only) - 555 Timer – Simplified block

diagram – Astable – monostable.

Unit IV Shift registers and Counters (10 hours)

Types of registers – Serial in Serial out (SISO) – Serial in-Parallel out (SIPO) –

Principle of PISO & PIPO – Counters: Synchronous counter (only) – Up and down

counter – ring counter – BCD counter.

Unit V Microprocessor (16 hours)

Digital Computers – Intel 8085 block diagram – Data and address bus – Pin

configuration – Intel 8085 instructions – Opcode and operands –Addressing modes –

Instructions- Assembly language programs – Addition of two 8 – bit numbers – 8-bit

subtraction – One’s complement of 8 bit number – Two’s complement of 8-bit

number – 8-bit multiplication.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Malvino, 1988, Digital Principles and Applications, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

(Unit I – Ch.5 & 2;

Unit II – Ch.3, Ch.4 – 4.1 – 4.3;

Unit III – Ch.8, Ch.7 – 7.4-7.5;

Unit IV - Ch.9 – 9.1-9.5, Ch.10)

2. Ram, 2004, Microprocessor, Dhan Pat Rai Publications, New Delhi.

(Unit V - Chap.3 related topics).

REFERENCES:

1. Morris Mano, 2007Computer Architecture, Pearson Education, New Delhi.

2. Moris Mano, 1979, Digital logic and computer design, Prentice Hall of India New

Delhi

3. Aditya P.Mathur,1984, Introduction to Microprocessor –Tata McCraw Hill, New

Delhi.



Class : III Year Part : III Core elective-1


Code : 12PYE153 Credit : 3

ASTROPHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To understand the basics of astronomical tools, solar system, origin and

evolution of stars and galaxies.

Unit I Tools of The Astronomer (12 hours)

Elements of the telescope-Properties of images -Aberrations of telescopes-Kinds of

Optical telescopes –Refracting and Reflecting telescopes- Schmidt telescope-

Magnification of telescope-Radio telescope-Spectrograph-Limitation.

Unit II The Earth & Solar System (12 hours)

The orientation of Earth in space- Seasons-Precession of the Earth-Arc and time units-

Time keepers-Sidereal time- local time-Standard time. Planets-Terrestrial and Jovian

planets (Planets individual description is not required in detail) - Satellites-Asteroids-

Meteoroids- Comets.

Unit III Sun & The Moon (12 hours)

Physical properties-Composition-Photosphere- Chromosphere- Corona- Sunspots-

Sunspot groups-Sunspot cycle-Solar Prominences-Solar Flares-Solar Wind-

Communication disturbances-Auroras- Air Glow. Origin of Moon-Eclipses-

Mechanism of Lunar Eclipse-Lunar Craters.

Unit IV Properties of Stars (12 hours)

Stellar Parallax-Distance units-Stellar motions-Star light measurements- luminosity &

Brightness of Star- Colors of Star-Spectra of Stars -HR diagram-Luminosity

classification-Stellar diameters. STELLAR EVOLUTION-Nuclear reactions-Birth of

Star-Main Sequence stars-Origin of Red giants-Color Magnitude diagram-Neutron

stars-Black hole.

Unit V Galaxies & Multiple Star System (12 hours)

Identifying Galaxies-Galaxy nomenclature-Types of Galaxies-Spiral-Elliptical-

irregular galaxies-Milky Way and its structure-Properties of Galaxies. Visual binaries-

Mass of a binary system-Mass luminosity relationship- Star clusters-Galactic clusters-

Pulsars.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Niclolas.A.Pananides and Thomas Arny, 1979, Introductory Astronomy, Addison

Wesley Publ. Co.

UNIT I – Ch. 4 (relevant sections)

UNIT II – Ch.6, 8 (relevant sections)

UNIT III – Ch.10 and 7(relevant sections)

UNIT IV – Ch.11 and 13(relevant sections)

UNIT V- Ch.15, 12, 14 (relevant sections)

REFERENCES:

1. Abell, Morrison and Wolf, 1987, Exploration of the Universe, 5th

ed., Saunders

College Publ.

2. Carrol and Ostlie, 2007, Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed., Pearson

International.

3. Krishnaswamy, K.S. 1996, Astrophysics, New Age International.

4. Kumaravelu and Susila Kumaravelu, 2004, Astronomy, Vishnu Arts, Sivakasi.



Class : III year Part : Self-Learning Course

Semester : V

Code : Credit : 3

NON –DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNIQUES

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the basic ideas of testing techniques

Unit I : Basic ideas of Ultra-violet, Visible and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy -

Characterization and measurement techniques using UV, Visible and FTIR spectrum

Unit II : Basic ideas of Raman effects - Characterization and measurement using Raman

spectroscopic Techniques.

Unit III : Basic ideas of X-rays, diffraction and diffractrometer - Characterization and

measurement techniques using diffraction techniques.

Unit IV : Basic ideas of Ultrasonics - Characterization and measurement techniques using

Ultrasonic techniques.

Unit V : Basic ideas of photo acoustics - Characterization and measurement techniques using

photo acoustics spectroscopic techniques.

Books for study

1. Banwell and Mc Cash, 2007, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, Tata MC Graw

hill Ltd (1st reprint)

2. P.Krishna, May 1989, first edition, Recent advances in X-ray Characterization of

materials – II (progress in crystal growth and Characterization), vol.18; Pergamon

publishers.

3. Jack Blitz and Geoff Simpson, First Edition, 1996, Ultrasonic methods of Non-

destructive Testing, Published by Chapman and hall, London.

4. Allan Rosencwaig, January 1981,Photo acoustics and photo acoustic spectroscopy, John

Wiley&Sons Inc



Class : III Year Part : III Core -10

Semester : VI Hours : 75


NUCLEAR PHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To study in detail about

(i) the nucleus and other elementary particles,

(ii) their detectors and

(iii) nuclear reactions.

Unit 1 Introduction: (11 hours)

Nucleon – Nuclide – Atomic and Mass Numbers Classification of Nuclei – Isotopes,

Isobars, Isotones, Isomers and Mirror Nuclei – Nuclear Size – Mass Density – Charge

– Spin – Magnetic Dipole Moments – Electric Quadrapole Moment – Mass Defect

and Binding Energy – Packing Fraction – Binding Energy and Nuclear Stability – N-

Z, A-Z, Curves.

Unit 2 Theories of Nuclear Composition (16 hours)

Proton – Electron Hypothesis – Proton Neutron Hypothesis – Nuclear Forces –

Yukawa Characteristics – Meson Theory of Nuclear Forces – Nuclear Models –

Liquid Drop Model – Comparison with Liquid Drop – Semiempirical Mass Formula –

Explanation – Merits and Demerits – Shell Model – Magic Numbers – Explanation of

Stability of Nucleus – Total Angular Momenta of Nuclei.

Unit 3 Detectors, Accelerators & Radio activity (16 hours)

Nuclear Radiations – GM Counter – Bubble Chamber – Scintillation Counters –

Particle Accelerators – Betatron – Synchrotrons (Electron, Bevatron). Radioactivity –

Radioactive Series – Radioactive Equilibrium –Velocity and Range of Alpha - Geiger

Nuttal Experiment – Geiger Law – Geiger Nuttal Law –Origin of the Line and

Continuous Spectrum – Neutrino Theory of Beta Decay – K Electron Capture

Unit 4 Nuclear Reactions & Neutron (16 hours)

Energy Balance and Q Value – Threshold Energy – Nuclear Transmutations by Alpha

Particles – Protons – Deuterons – Neutrons and Electron –Neutron – Discovery –

Production – Mass – Spin – Charge – Magnetic Moment – Neutron Diffraction –

Biological Effects – Absorption by Matter – Classification – Neutron Sources –

Neutron Detection.

Unit 5 Nuclear energy & Elementary particles (16 hours)

Fission -Energy Release – Bohr and Wheeler Explanation by Drop Model – Nuclear

Fusion – Source of Stellar Energy –Thermonuclear Reactions – Hydrogen Bomb -

Elementary Particles – Baryons – Hyperons – Leptons – Mesons – Particles and

Antiparticles – Fundamental Interaction – Elementary Particle Quantum Numbers –

Conservation Laws and Symmetry – Quark Model – Composition of Hadrons –

Colored Quarks – Generations.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Murugeshan, R., 1995, Modern Physics, S.Chand Publ., New Delhi.

[Unit I & II – Ch.8,

Unit III – relevant titles in Ch.9,10,11,

Unit IV – relevant titles in Ch.12,

Unit V – relevant titles in Ch.13 and 15.)

REFERENCES:

1. Tayal, D.C., 1995, Nuclear Physics, Himalaya Publishing House.

2. Richtmeyer, Kensard,Cooper, 1976, Modern Physics, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

3. Arthur Beiser, 1987, Concepts of Modern Physics, McGraw Hill, Singapore.

4. Devanathan. V, 2006, Nuclear Physics, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.






SOLID STATE PHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To understand the basics about the crystal structures, bonding and their

physical properties.

Unit 1 Elements of Crystallography (20 hours)

Introduction – Some Fundamental Definitions in Crystallography – Lattice

Parameters of an Unit Cell – Crystal Structures of Important Engineering Materials

and Stacking Sequences – Polymorphism and Allotrophy.

Bonding in solids: Introduction – Interatomic Forces and Cohesive Energy – Different

Types of Bonds in Solids – Lattice Energy of Cohesive Energy of Ionic Crystals.

Unit 2 Thermal Properties of Solids (12 hours)

Specific Heat Capacity of Solids – Einstein’s Theory of Specific Heat Capacity –

Debye’s Theory of Specific Heat Capacity of a Solid.

Unit 3 Electron theory of metals (15 hours)

Introduction – the classical free electron theory – Electrical conductivity of a metal

(based on Drude and Lorentz theory) – the quantum free electron theory – band theory

of solids – derivation of ohm’s law – thermal conductivity.

Unit 4 Magnetic properties (15 hours)

Introduction – Origin of Magnetic Moment in Magnetic Materials – Magnetic

Quantities – Different Types of Magnetic Material – Langevin Theory of

Paramagnetism – Weiss Theory of Paramagnetism – Weiss Theory or Molecular Field

Theory of Ferro Magnetism.

Unit 5 Superconductivity (13 hours)

Introduction – Explanations for the Occurrence for Superconductivity – General

Properties of Superconductors – Other General Observations – Types of

Superconductors – High Temperature Superconductors – Single Particle Tunneling –

Josephson Effect – Applications of Superconductors.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Arumugam, M, 2004, Solid State Physics, Anuratha Agencies, Kumbakonam.

(Unit I – Chap.1 Secs.1.1 – 1.4, Chap 2- Secs 2.1 – 2.6.

Unit III – Chap.6 Secs. 6.1 – 6.5, 6.9 – 6.10

Unit IV – Chap.8 Secs. 8.1 – 8.8 (8.7.1. excluded)

Unit V – Chap.10 Secs. 10.1 – 10.5.1, 10.10 – 10.12

2. Murugesan, R., 2003, Modern Physics, S.Chand and Company, New Delhi.

Unit II– Chap.16 Secs.16.10 – 16.12

REFERENCES:

1. P.K.Palanisamy, 2003, Solid State Physics, SCITECH Publ.

2. S.O.Pillai, 2005, Solid State Physics, New Age International.

3. Charles Kittel, Solid State Physics, 2005, Wiley Publishers.






THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To study the basic laws of thermodynamics, transfer of heat and statistics of

gas molecules.

Unit 1 Transmission of Heat (12 hours)

Introduction - Conduction – Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity – Temperature

Gradient – Thermal Diffusivity – Lees’ Method for Bad Conductors. Radiation –

Black Body (Definitions) – Stefan’s Law – Derivation of Newton’s Law of Cooling

from Stephen’s Law - Experimental verification of Stefan’s Law – Newton’s Law of

Cooling – Specific Heat Capacity of a Liquid- Joule’s Electrical Method

Unit 2 Thermodynamics I (12 hours)

Distribution of Energy in the spectrum of a Black Body – Wien’s Displacement -

Rayleigh Jeans Laws - Planck’s Law – Solar Constant – Temperature of the sun -

Solar Spectrum Derivation –Deduction of Wien’s, Rayleigh Jeans Laws – Solar

Constant (Definition) – First Law & Second Law of Thermodynamics (Statement

only)

Unit 3 Thermodynamics II (12 hours)

Entropy and the second Law of Thermodynamics – Entropy Changes of a Closed

system During Irreversible Process – Entropy – Change in Entropy in a Reversible

Process (Carnot’s Cycle) - Change in Entropy in an Irreversible Processes - Third

Law of Thermodynamics – Temperature Entropy Diagram (T-S) – Entropy of Perfect

Gas – Maxwell’s Thermodynamical Relations – Thermodynamic Potentials

(Definition only)– First Order Phase transition and Second Order Phase transition

(Definition only)

Unit 4 Classical Statistics (12 hours)

Statistical Equilibrium – Probability Theorems in Statistical Thermodynamics –

Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution Law - Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution in terms of

Temperature - Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution and Ideal Gas.

Unit 5 Quantum Statistics (12 hours)

Introduction – Phase Space – Fermi Dirac Distribution Law – Electron Gas – Bose

Einstein Distribution Law – Photon Gas - Comparison of the three Statistics.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Brijlal & Subramaniam, Reprint 1998, Heat & Thermodynamics, S. Chand &

Company Ltd

(Unit – I: Ch.8.1, 8.2, 8.8, 8.30, 8.35, 8.37, 8.38, 3.5, 3.6,

Unit – II: Ch.8.42- 8.44, 8.48, 6.8, 6.25,

Unit – III: Ch.6.42- 6.49, 6.52, 6.54, 6.60, 6.61,

Unit – IV: Ch. 9.1- 9.6,

Unit – V: Ch. 9.7- 9.13)

REFERENCES:

1. J.K.Sharma and K.K.Sarkar, 1988, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics– (2nd

enlarged Edition.), Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.

2. Mathur, D.S., Heat and Thermodynamics –5th

Ed., S.Sulthan chand & Sons, New

Delhi 1988.

3. Sears, Thermodynamics - Addison- Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.1975.

4. Agarwal and Eisner, Statistical Mechanics – New Age International Publ.




Semester : VI Total hours : 60

Code : Credit : 4

INTRODUCTION TO NANOPHYSICS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the basics of nanomaterials, their characteristics,

technology to prepare, and applications.

Unit I: Basics of Nanomaterials

Plenty of Room at the bottom – What is Nano? – Inorganic nanomaterials –

Techniques in nanotechnology – Dimensions of nanostructures – one dimensional

nanoscale – Two dimensional nanoscales – Three dimensional nanoscale – what

makes ‘nano’ special? – Size matters – Nanocrystals – Methods of synthesis – Sol-

gel processing – Ball milling – Synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles in

colloidal solutions - Characterization of nanomaterials – X-ray diffraction –

Scanning Electron Microscope – Transmission Electron Microscope – Analytical

Electron Microscope – Significance of Nanoparticles.

Unit II: Quantum wells, Quantum wires and Quantum Dots

Introduction – potential well – quantum well – particle in a box – One-dimensional

box – Two-dimensional box –derivation – Three-dimensional box – superlattice –

superlattice types – applications of quantum wells – Quantum wire – Density of

states – 3D-Density of states – 2-D density of states – 1-D Density of states – 0-D

Density of States – Quantum Dots – Electrons in Mesoscopic Structures.

Unit III: Carbon Nanotubes

Discovery of Nanotubes – Allotropes of Carbon – Structure of Carbon Nanotubes –

Categories of carbon nanotubes: Tours – Buckminster fullerene – Carbon nanohorns

– Fullerite –Nanobud.

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes: Laser method – Electrolysis – chemical vapour

deposition – CVD method flat substrates, purification of carbon nanotubes and

fullerene – Applications of carbon nanotubes.

Unit IV: Bio nanotechnology

Nature’s Biomachinery – Biosystems – DNA coding – Polymerization – Harnessing

the computer inside us: DNA computing – Electronic properties of DNA – Wiring

electronics with DNA – The potential of DNA – Superconductivity: it’s in the genes

– DNA semiconductor – DNA goes spintronic – Bio computers – Biochemical

Computers – Economical Benefit of Biocomputers – DNA nanotechnology –DNA

sensing – Bionano sensors – Molecular self-assembly – Supramolecular assembly.

Unit V: Nanoelectronics and Applications Bio nanotechnology

Aim of Nanoelectronics – Principle of Single-electron transistor – The Coulomb

blockade – Performance of the Single-electron transistor – Materials used in NEMS

and applications – Examples of Quantum electronic devices – Short-channel MOS

transistor – Split-Gate transistor – Micro electrochemical systems – Materials for

MEMS manufacturing- Deposition processes – Applications of MEMs – Applications

of nanotechnology – Nanomedicine – Longer – Lasting Medical Implants –

Photodynamic therapy – Tissue welding – Nano-structured bone replacements.

Book for Study

1. Basic Nanophysics, Sr. Gerardin Jayam(Editor), Department of Physics, Holy

Cross College, Nagercoil(2010)

Books for reference

1. Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles P.Poole Jr., Frank J. Owens, Wiley –

India (2008).

2. Nanoelectronics and nanosystems, K. Goser, P. Glosekotter and J. Dienstuhl,

Springer Verlag (2005)

3. Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics, W.R.Fahrner (Ed.), Springer (2008)

4. Nanotechnology – Fundamentals and applications, Manasi Karkare, I.K.

International, Mumbai(2008).

5. Exploring Nanomaterials, R.Pazhani, Pooja publishers, Ethamozhy (2009).



Class : III year Total hours : 60

Semester : V & VI Credit : 4


PHYSICS LAB – III (Non- Electronics)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To apply the physics principles of electricity, optics and magnetism in the

following experiments and measure different physical properties


1. Air wedge – thickness of a wire

2. Bi-prism – wavelength using optic bench

3. Hydrogen spectrum – Rydberg constant

4. Hartmann’s formula - spectrometer

5. Small angle prism - - spectrometer

6. i for d, d for i - - spectrometer

7. Owen’s bridge – self inductance of a coil

8. Rayleigh’s bridge– self inductance of a coil

9. Desauty’s bridge – self inductance of a coil

10. Potentiometer – emf of a thermocouple

11. Impedance and power factor – LR circuit

12. Galvanometer – conversion of ammeter

13. Galvanometer – conversion of voltmeter

14. B.G. – comparison of emf of two cells

15. B.G. – comparison of capacitances

16. B.G. – absolute capacitance

17. B.G. – mutual inductance

18. B.G. – M1/M2

19. B.G. – High resistance by leakage

20. LCR – series resonance circuit

21. LCR – Parallel resonance circuit

22. Planck’s constant – h – determination using photocell

23. Energy band gap determination



Class : III year Total hours : 60

Semester : V & VI Credit : 4


PHYSICS LAB – IV (Electronics)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To apply the physics principles of electronics in the following experiments

and measure different physical properties


1. Single stage amplifier with feedback

2. Two stage amplifier with feedback

3. Two stage amplifier without feedback

4. Clippers and clampers using diode and CRO

5. Colpitt’s oscillator

6. Monostablemultivibrator using transistor

7. Schmitt trigger – IC 555

8. Astablemultivibrator using transistor

9. Opamp – IC 741 - characteristics

10. Opamp – IC 741 – differentiator and integrator

11. Opamp – IC 741 – adder and subtractor

12. Logic gates using discrete components

13. Logic gates using ICs

14. Logic gates – using IC universal gates

15. Logic gates – Ics – Demorgan’s theorem

16. Logic gates - ICs – Boolean expressions

17. XOR and XNOR – Using ICs

18. Half adder and full adder

19. R-S, J-K and D flip-flops

20. Mod 5 and Mod 10 counters

21. Ring counters

22. Shift registers

23. Microprocessor – 8085 – perform addition, subtraction

24. Microprocessor – 8085 – perform 1’s and 2’s complement subtraction

25. Microprocessor – 8085 – perform multiplication and division



Class : III Year Part : III (core elective)


Code : 12PYE163 Credit : 3

BASIC ELECTRIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To grasp the physics principle behind the electrical appliances.

Unit 1 Nature of electricity and fundamental laws (12 hours)

Nature of electricity- electronic theory-flow of electric current –electron drift-

electrical circuit- path of electric current –types of electric circuits –electrical terms

(definition )- direct current- alternating current –laws of resistance – variation in

resistance with temperature-combination of resistances –ammeter- voltmeter. work,

power, energy.

Unit II Heating effects of electric current (14 hours)

Heating effects of electric current ,Joule’s law of heating- thermal efficiency- heating

unit- materials for heating elements- applications of heating effect ( incandescent

lamp, arc welding , electric heaters, room heater, soldering iron, air circulator, electric

kettle, electric iron, water heater: immersion water heater, storage water heater). Fuse

(classification, parts, types)-precautions for renewing a fuse.

Unit III Illumination (14 hours)

Definitions and units, laws of illumination, incandescent lamps. Different types of

lamps- gas filled lamp, carbon arc lamp, gas discharge lamp, sodium vapour lamp,

mercury vapour lamp, fluorescent tube; used of choke and starter,. Neon- light tubes

and neon lamps- solar cells.

Unit IV Transformer (10 hours)

Introduction- principle- types of transformers-construction –cooling of transformer-

step up transformer- step down transformer- advantages of transformer- uses.

Unit V Generation and transmission of electricity (10 hours)

Generation of Thermal power, hydro power, nuclear power and non – conventional

power, transmission of power.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. P.S.Dhogal –, Basic electrical engineering , Vol -I ,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Company limited.

UNIT I – Ch.3, 4 (relevant sections)

UNIT II – Ch.5 (relevant sections)

2. P.S.Dhogal – Basic electrical engineering , vol- II, Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing

Company limited.

UNIT III – Ch. 20(relevant sections)

UNIT IV- Ch.14 (relevant sections)

UNIT V- Ch 24 (relevant sections)

3. G.D RAI, Non- conventional energy sources.

UNIT V- Ch 1 (relevant sections)

REFERENCES:

1. M.L Anwani , Basic electrical engineering-Dhamp at Rai& co (p)LTD.

2. B.L .THERAJA, A.K THERAJA, Electrical technology, S.Chand & Company Ltd,

New Delhi.



Class : III year Part : III Core Elective



MEDICAL PHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To understand the basics about the biological systems in our body, their

behaviour, and the ethical issues in medical science.

Unit 1 Introduction (12 hours)

Terminology, Modelling and Measurement – Forces on and in the Body – Physics of

the Skeleton – Heat and Cold in Medicine.

Unit 2 Physics of CVS (12 hours)

Energy Work and Power of the Body – Pressure – Physics of Cardiovascular System

– Sound in Medicine – Physics of the Ear and Hearing.

Unit 3 Physics of Eye and Vision (12 hours)

Light in Medicine – Physics of Eyes and Vision – Electricity within the Body –

Applications of Electricity and Magnetism in Medicine.

Unit 4 Nuclear Medicine (12 hours)

Radiation Therapy – Physics of X-Rays Diagnostic – Magnetic Resonance Imaging

System – Ultrasonic Imaging System – Physiotherapy and Electrotherapy.

Unit 5 Ethical Issues (12 hours)

Ethical Issues in the Progress of Medical Science – Informed consent – Animal

testing – Ethical principles of Humans used in medical research trials – Human

cloning – HIV/AIDs and ethics – Euthanasia – Brain death – Organ donation - SARS.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. John R. Cameron and James G.Skofronick, 1978, Medical Physics, John Willy &

Sons. (Unit I- Ch.1,2,3,4, Unit II-Ch.5,6,8,13, Unit III – Ch.14,15,9,11, Unit IV-

Ch.17,18,16).

2. Tharien, A.K., Ethical issues in the progress of medical science, Voluntary Health

Association of India (VHAI), New Delhi (Unit V - all).


Department of Physics - B.Sc. (Physics) Syllabus – 2015-16onwards


Semester : VI Credit : 3

Code :

PHOTONICS

(Self-Learning Course - Offered by Department of Physics)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the basics of photonics and non-linear optics

Unit I: Fiber optics – Introduction – optical fibers – critical angle of propagation – modes of

propagation - Acceptance angle – numerical aperture.

Unit II: Types of optical fibers – attenuation – applications – fiber optic communication

systems – advantages.

Unit III: Non-linear optics – Introduction – wave propagation – momentum conservation –

linear media

Unit IV: Non-linear polarization – second harmonic generation – phase mixing

Unit V: Sum and difference frequency generation – parametric oscillation – simulated

Raman scattering.

Books for study

1. Text Book of Optics – N.Brijlal Subramanian and M.N. Avadhanulu, 2007, S.Chand

Publications, New Delhi.

2. Kattack & Thiyagarajan


Department of Physics – 2015 - 16 onwards

UG PHYSICS COURSE

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN (2015-16 onwards)

For all major, allied papers and for core electives (Mechanics, Digital

Electronics, Basic electric principles and applications)

Section A: 8 x 3 = 24

Short answer type

8 questions to be answered out of 10

Section B: 4 x 14 = 56

Detailed answer type

Open choice only


No problems to be asked

Section C: 2 x 10 = 20

2 Problems to be solved out of 4

---------------

Total = 100

--------------

Arul Anandar College (Autonomous) Karumathur -625 514

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN

ELECTIVE FOR ARTS STUDENTS – VYA 5012

POPULAR PHYSICS/BASICS OF APPLIED PHYSICS

The aim of the course is to give awareness about the physics related phenomena

*To arts students (History, Philosophy and Economics)

*To other science students (Maths, Chemistry, RDS)

(No numerical problems / derivations to be asked under any section)

SECTION –A (Answer ALL questions) (10 x 1=10)

(Multiple choice type/Fill in the blanks/True of False/One word)

SECTION-B (Answer any FIVE questions out of EIGHT) (5 x 6 =30)

Answer in one paragraph

SECTION-C (Answer any FIVE questions out of EIGHT) (5 x 12=60)

Answer within one page (200 words)

Total= 100Marks



UG PHYSICS COURSE

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN (2015-16onwards)

For all Self Learning Papers:

1. Total number of questions may vary from 10 to 15

2. Total marks = 100

3. Questions must be taken for 150 marks and 2/3 of the paper carries

full marks (100marks)

4. Each question carries marks according to the particular question and

answer and marks must me specified for the individual questions.



UG PHYSICS COURSE

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN (2015-16onwards)

For the Elective Papers:

(1)Astrophysics,

(2) Medical Physics

(3) Information Technology

Section A: 8 x 3 = 24

Short answer type


Section B: 4 x 14 = 56

Paragraph answer type


Section C: 2x 10 = 20

Detailed answer type


--------------

Total = 100

--------------

M. Sc. (Physics)


Department of Physics - M. Sc. (Physics) CBCS (2015-2016 Onwards)

SEMESTER I Hours Credit

15PPYC11 Classical & Statistical Mechanics 6 5

15PPYC21 Mathematical Physics-I 6 5

15PPYC31 Electromagnetic theory 6 5

15PPYE11 Elective - I - Energy and Environmental

Physics

6 4

15PPYP11 Laboratory-I 6 5

Total 30 24

SEMESTER II

15PPYC42 Mathematical Physics-II 6 5

15PPYC52 Quantum Mechanics –I 6 5

15PPYE22 Elective - II - Applied Electronics 6 4

15PPYN12 Non-major elective – Energy Physics 6 4

15PPYP22 Laboratory-II 6 5

Total 30 23

SEMESTER III

Quantum Mechanics –II 6 5

Solid state physics- I 6 5

Electromagnetic Theory 6 5

Elective - III – Applied Electronics 6 4

Laboratory –III 6 5

Total 30 24

SEMESTER IV

Solid state physics- II 6 5

Nuclear & Particle Physics 6 5

Elective - IV - Applied Optics & LASER

Physics

6 4

Project Work & Viva 12 5

Total 30 19

Non-major elective for other students: Energy physics

Semester I II III IV Total

Credit 24 23 24 19 90

List of Electives

1. Energy & Environmental Physics

2. Applied Electronics

3. Nanophysics

4. Applied Optics & LASER Physics

5. Photonics

6. Astrophysics

7. Microprocessor


Department of Physics - M.Sc. (Physics) Syllabus – 2015 - 16 onwards

Class : I year Part : Core-1

Semester : I Credit : 5

Code : 15PPYC11 Total hours : 90

CLASSICAL AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective :

(i) To understand the necessary concepts of equations of motions and small

oscillations

(ii) To understand the principles of classical and quantum statistics

UNIT 1 Hamiltonian Methods (15 hrs)

Hamiltonian equations of motion - Cyclic coordinates and Routh’s procedure

– Physical significance of the Hamiltonian – Hamilton’s equations from

variations principle – The Principle of least action.

UNIT 2 Canonical Transformations: (15 hrs)

The equations of canonical transformation – Example of canonical

transformation – Lagrange and poison bracket – Equations of motion in poison

bracket notation – Hamiltonian – Jacobi equation – Solution to SHM using HJ

theory - Separation of variable – Action angle variable.

UNIT 3 Small Oscillations: (20 hrs)

Formulation – The Eigenvalue equation and the principal axis transformation

– frequency of free vibration and normal coordinates – Free vibration of a

linear triatomic molecule - Double pendulum.

UNIT 4 Classical Statistical Mechanics: (20 hrs)

Phase space Ensemble – distribution function – Liouville’s theorem –

Helmholtz function – Gibbs function - Thermodynamic Potentials – Gibbs

canonical distribution and its partition function & thermodynamic function –

Application to an ideal gas – Maxwell Botzmann statistics - Maxwell velocity

distribution - Law of Equipartition energy – Partition function of diatomic gas

– Grand canonical distribution and its Partition function & thermodynamic

functions.

UNIT 5 Quantum Statistical Mechanics: (20 hrs)

Postulates of quantum statistical mechanics – Bose-Einstein’s statistics -

Degenerate boson gas – Black body radiation – Bose Einstein condensation -

Fermi Dirac statistics –– Degenerate electron gas – Thermionic emission & Photo

electric emission – The equation of state at high density – white dwarf stars –

neutron stars.

REFERENCES:

1. Goldstein, 2001, Classical Mechanics, II Edition, Narosa Publishing (Unit I : Ch : 8,

Unit II : Ch: 9, Unit III : Ch: 6)

2. R.K. Srivatsava& J. Ashok, 2006, Statistical Mechanics & Properties of Matter- I

edition, Prentice Hall of India. (UNIT IV: Ch. 1, 3, 4, 5, UNIT V:Ch. 2,6,7)

3. Agarwal and Eisner, 1988, Statistical mechanics –Wiley Eastern Ltd.

4. Gupta, Kumar and Sharma, 2004, Classical Mechanics –Pragati Prakasan

Publications.

5. P.V.Panat, 2005, Classical Mechanics –Narosa Publishing House

6. B.S.Rajput, 2006, Mathematical Physics –PrakatiPrakashan Publ.

7. E.S.Rajagopal, Statistical mechanics and Properties of Matter

8. Sears and Salinger, Thermodynamics, kinetic theory and statistical thermodynamics –

III ed., Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

9. Satyaprakash, 1995, Statistical Mechanics, 7th

ed., KerdatNath Ram Nath publishers.






MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS – I

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the mathematical concepts applicable in physics

UNIT 1 Vectors: (15hrs)

The Gradient – The divergence and Gauss theorem – curl of a vector field and

Stroke’s Theorem – Successive applications of the operator – Orthogonal curvilinear

coordinates application to hydrodynamics – Equation of heat flow in solids.

UNIT 2 Vector Spaces And Transformation: (15 hrs)

Vector spaces and transformations – The Algebra of matrices special matrices –

Partitioning of Matrices – System of linear equation – Particular cases – System of

linear equations general – The Eigenvalues problems.

UNIT 3 Operational Methods: (20 hrs)

Fourier Series and integrals – Laplace transforms - Fourier Mellin’s theorem –

Fundamental rules – Systems of linear equations with constant coefficients – Integral

transforms - Applications of the operational calculus to the solution of Partial

differential equations – evaluation of integrals.

UNIT 4 Special Function I : (25 hrs)

The Gamma function – The factorial Gauss’s pi functions – The values of (1/2) Graph

of the Gamma function – The Beta function - The connection of the beta function and

the gamma functions.

Bessel’s Differential Equation – Series solution of Bessel’s Differential equation –

The Bessel function of order n of the second kind – value of Jn(X) and Yn(X) for

large and small values of x – Recurrence formulas for Jn(x)- Jn(x) when n is half and

odd integer

UNIT 5 Special Function II : (15 hrs)

Legendre’s Differential Equation – Rodrigues formula for the Legendre polynomials

– Legendre’s function of the second kind – The generating function for Pn(x) – The

Legendre coefficients – The Orthogonality of Pn(x).

REFERENCES:

1. SathyaPrakash, Mathematical Physics, VEdition, Sultan Chand& Sons, New Delhi.

Unit I: Ch: 1.2, 1.3, 1.7, 1.9, 1.15 (b,c,d), 1.19 (a,1,2,b)

Unit II:Ch: 2.2 – 2.15, 2.17, 2.18, 2.23, 2.26 – 2.32, 2.34

Unit III:Ch: 8.1 – 8.4, 8.12, 8.13, Ch: 10.1 – 10.3, 10.9, 10.10, 10.15, 10.17,10.22 (a),

(b)

Unit IV: 4.1 – 4.7, 4.9, 4.10, Ch: 7.21, 7.22, 7.25, 7.26, 7.27, 7.28, 7.30

Unit V: Ch: 7.11 – 7.14, 7.17

2. Pipes and Harvill, 1970, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists- III,

Edition, McGraw Hill International Book Company.

3. Joshi, A.W., II Edition, 1995, Matrices and Tensors in Physics- Wiley Eastern Ltd.,

New Delhi (Unit II : Ch. 1.1 – 1.10)

4. B.D.Gupta, 2004, Mathematical Physics –Vikas Publishing house.

5. Arfkan and Weber, 2005, Mathematical Methods for Physists, I Ed.,–Prism Books

Pvt. Ltd.

6. Arfkan and Weber, 2005, Mathematical Methods for Physists, I Ed.,–Prism Books

Pvt. Ltd.

7. M.K.Venkatraman, 1984, Engineering Mathematics –National Publication.

8. Mathews Walker, 1970, Mathematical Methods of Physics –Pearson Education, New

Delhi.

9. Charles Harper, 1995, Mathematical Physics –Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.






ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the concepts of electrostatics, magnetostatics,

electrodynamics.

UNIT 1 Electrostatic Fields I & II (20 hours)

Electrostatic fields in a vacuum – The equations of poisson and of Laplace –

conductors – calculation of the electric field produced by a simple charge distribution

– The elastic dipole – The linear electric quadrupole – Electric multipoles. Dielectric

Materials, The electric polarization – Electric field at an exterior point – Electric field

at an interior point – The local field – The electric susceptibility – The divergence of

E – The electric displacement D-Calculation of electric fields involving dielectrics –

The Clausisus – Mossotti equation – Polar dielectrics – Frequency dependence,

Anisotropy and non homogeneity .

UNIT 2 Electrostatic Fields III (20 hours)

Continuity of V, D, E at the interface between two different media – The uniqueness

theorem – Solution of Laplace’s equation in rectangular coordinates. Legendre’s

equation - Legendre polynomials – Solution of Legendre’s equation in spherical

coordinates. MAGNETIC FIELDS I : Steady current and non magnetic materials –

Magnetic forces – The magnetic induction B – The BiotSavart law – The divergence

of a point charge moving in a magnetic field – The divergence of the magnetic

induction B – The vector potential – The curl of the magnetic induction B – Ampere’s

circuital law.

UNIT 3 Magnetic Fields II (15 hours)

The Faraday induction law – The induced electric field intensity E in terms of the

vector potential – A-Induced Electromotance in a moving system – Maxwell’s

equations : The conservation of electric charge – The potentials V and A – retarded

potential – The Lorentz condition – The divergence of E and the non homogeneous

wave equation for V – Non-homogeneous equation for A – The curl of B – Maxwell’s

equations.

UNIT 4 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves (15 hours)

Plane wave in infinite media – Plane electromagnetic waves in free space –

Poynting vector and Poynting theorem – The E and H vectors in homogeneous,

isotropic, linear and stationary media – propagation of place electromagnetic

waves in nonconductors – propagation of plane electromagnetic waves in good

conductors.

UNIT 5 Guided Electromagnetic Waves (20 hours)

Propagation in a straight line – The coaxial line – The hollow rectangular wave

guide radiation of electromagnetic waves – Electric dipole radiation : The scalar

potential – The vector potential A and the magnetic field intensity – The electric

field intensity E – The average pointing vector and the radiated power – The

electric and magnetic lines of force – The K surface.

REFERENCES:

1. Paul Lorrain & Dale R.Corson, 2005, Electromagnetic fields and waves, CBs Publ.,

New Delhi

[Unit – I : Chap (2) Secs. 2.6 – 2.11, Chap (3) 3.1 – 3.10

Unit – II : Chap (4) Secs. 4.1, 4.2, 4.4. 4.5, Chap (7) Secs 7.1 – 7.7

Unit – III : Chap (8) Secs. 8.1 – 8.3, Chap (10) Secs.10.1, 10.2, 10.2.1, 10.3 – 10.7, Unit –

IV : Chap (11) Secs. 11.1 – 11.5,

Unit – V : Chap (13) Secs. 13.1 – 13.3, Chap(14) Sec 14.1.1 – 14.1.6]

2. Griffiths David, J., Introduction to Electrodynamics –

3. Jackson John, Classical Electrodynamics

4. Reitz, Milford and Christy, Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory –– Narosa

Publications

5. P.Mukhopadhyay, Electromagnetic theory and applications –Tata McCraw Hill

6. J.D.Kraus, Electromagnetics –McCraw Hill


Department of Physics - M.Sc. (Physics) Syllabus – 2015-16onwards

Class : I year Part : Core Elective-1


Code : 15PPYE11 Total hours : 90

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS (Elective)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the necessary non-conventional energy sources and the need of

environmental protection

UNIT 1 Various Energy Sources & Power Production (20 hrs)

World and Indian energy future – Conventional sources of energy – Coal, Oil, & gas

– Renewable energy sources – Wind energy – Bio-gas, OTEC – Hydro, thermal and

nuclear power productions.

UNIT 2 Solar Radiation And Solar Collectors: (25 hrs)

Solar energy Indian research and perspectives – Solar radiation analysis and

measurement pyroheliometer and pyranometers – heat transfer in solar thermal –

radiation and convection.

Principles of flat plate solar collectors – Conversion of solar radiation into heaT –

Transmittance & absorbance – Collector thermal losses – Energy balance equation –

Overall loss coefficient – Derivation for useful energy gain and efficiency.

UNIT 3 Applications of Solar Energy: (15 hrs)

Solar energy storage systems – solar pond – Applications of solar pond – Solar water

heating – Space heating – Solar thermal electricity conversion – Solar electricity

power generation – Solar distillation – Solar cooking.

UNIT 4 Fuel Cells: (15 hrs)

Introduction to fuel cells – Types of fuel cells – Polymer electrolyte fuel cell – micro

fuel cell – Solid oxide fuel cell – Hydrogen fuel.

UNIT 5 Air And Water Pollution : (15 hrs)

Water and air pollution – Sources of water and air pollution – Classification of water

and air pollution – Effects of water and air pollution – Purification and control devices

of water and air pollution. (Design and working of settling chambers, cycline

separators and gaseous pollution control methods) – Global air pollution problems.

REFERENCES:

1. Rai,G.D., 2005, Non-conventional sources of Energy-4th

Ed., Khanna Publishers,

New Delhi. (Unit I: Chap 1, Unit II : Chap 2, Unit III : Chap 3,4 & 5, Unit IV : Chap

4 & 5)

2. Recent trends in fuel cell files and technology, Edited by Sudhoy Atwa, Springer

publishers, New Delhi. (Unit IV related topics in this book)

3. M.N.Rao and H.V.N. Rao, 1989, Air Pollution –Tata McGraw Hill.

(Unit V (related topics in this book)

4. H.P.Garg and J.Prakash, 2004, Solar Energy – Fundamentals and Applications Tata

McGraw Hill.

5. Suresh K. Shameja, 2004, Environmental Engineering and Management, SK

Kataria& Sons Publishers, New Delhi.

6. B.S.N.Raju, Air Pollution

7. K.Kumaraswamy, A.Alagappa Moses and M.Vasanthy, Environmental Studies

(Bharathidasan University).



Class : I year Part : Core Lab - 1


Code : 15PPYP11 Total hours : 90

PG Laboratory – I

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To apply the physics principles in the non-electronics experiments and

measure different physical parameters.

Any 10 of the following practicals

1. Cauchy’s constant – Spectrometer

2. Four Probe Method – Conductivity Measurement (Ge - Crystal)

3. Ultrasonic Interferometer- Liquid

4. Determination of unknown wavelengths using comparator

5. Determination of Planck’s constant (h) by using Photo cell/LED’s

6. Quincke’s method- Susceptibility ( χ ) – Solution

7. FET Characteristics

8. FET amplifier design

9. Two stage RC- coupled transistor amplifier without feed back

10. OP-AMP- Differentiator , Integrator, Adder , Subtractor

11. Astable Multivibrator- Using IC 555 Timer.

12. Filter circuits using OP-AMP

13. Hyperbolic fringes- Determination of Elastic constants

14. Bi - Prism – Optic Bench

15. Energy Gap (Ge)- Determination

16. SCR characteristics and applications

17. Wien’s bridge oscillator- using Op-amp

18. Dual Power supply – Using IC’s

19. OP-AMP – Characteristics & Parameters



Class : I year Part : Core - 4

Semester : II Credit : 5


MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-II

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the necessary mathematical methods and apply them in physics

UNIT 1 COMPLEX VARIABLES: (20 hrs)

Introduction – Functions of a complex variable – The derivative and the Cauchy –

Riemann differential Equations – Line integrals of complex functions – Cauchy’s

integral theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – Taylor’s series – Maclaurin series –

integral formula – Laurents series.

UNIT 2 RESIDUES: (15 hrs)

Residues - Singular points of an analytic function – The point at infinity –

Evaluation of residues at simple poles – at a multiple pole – Cauchy’s Residue

theorem – Evaluation of complex integral – definite integrals of the type integral 0 to

2 : F(sin, cos) d - integral from – to + : Q(x) dx.

UNIT 3 TENSOR ANALYSIS: (20 hrs)

Introduction – Notations and conventions contravariant and covariant tensors of 2nd

rank – general definition – Addition and subtraction - Inner and outer product –

symmetric and antisymmetric tensors – Kronecker delta – Quotient law with an

example – metric tensor – scalars and vectors in four dimensional space – Lorentz

transformation of coordinates – Transformation of four vectors.

UNIT 4 GROUP THEORY: (20 hrs)

Introduction –The defining properties of a group – Some examples of group – sub

groups – Classes – Molecular symmetry - symmetry operations – symmetry elements

– algebra of symmetry operations – multiplication table – Matrix representation –

reducible and irreducible representations – the great orthogonality theorem (statement

and explanation) – character table for C2V, C3V

UNIT 5 NUMERICAL METHODS : (15 hrs)

Interpolation – Lagrange interpolation – Integration – Simpson’s 1/3 rule –

Trapezoidal rule – Numerical solution of differential equation – Euler’s method (three

methods) – Runge-kutta method – 2nd

and 4th

order.

REFERENCESS:

1. Sathya Prakash, Mathematical Physics, V Edition, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.

Unit I: Ch: 6.1 – 6.3, 6.7 – 6.10, 6.12, 6.13 (Relevant Topic), 6.14 (Relevant topic),

6.16, 6.20, 6.21

Unit II: Ch: 6.22, 6.23 (1,2,3), 6.24, 6.25

Unit V: Ch: 14.2 (a, b, c, d), 14.5 (1,a,b,c), 14.6 (a, b, c, e)

2. Joshi, A.W., 2005, Matrices and Tensors in Physics - New Age International

Publishers. Unit III : Chap.2 Sec 15 – 20 (related topics only)

3. G.Aruldass, 2004, Molecular structure and spectroscopy- Prentice Hall of India Pvt.

Ltd. (Unit IV: Chap.5.1-5.11)

4. Arfkan and Weber, 2005, Mathematical Methods for Physists –I ed., Prism Books

Pvt. Ltd.

5. Dr.B.S.Grewal, 2003, Numerical methods in engineering and science- Khanna

Publishers.

6. A Pipes &Harvill, R. , 1970,Applied Mathematics for engineers and physicists - III

Edition, McGraw Hill international book company, New Delhi

7. F.Albert Cotton, 1971, Chemical Applications of Group Theory –Wiley Eastern Publ.,

New Delhi.

8. V.Rajaraman, 1993, Computer oriented Numerical Methods –III ed., Prentice Hall of

India., New Delhi.

9. S.S.Sastry, 2000, Numerical methods –Prentice Hall of Publications, New Delhi.






QUANTUM MECHANICS –I

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To get an idea about the quantum mechanical nature and understand

the behaviour of particles in microscopic concepts

UNIT 1 The Physical Basis: (20 hrs)

Inadequacy of classical physics – old quantum theory – uncertainty and

complementarity – The Schrodinger wave equation – one dimensional wave equation

– extension to three dimensional wave equation – extension to three dimension –

interpretation of the wave function – Normalization of - probability current density

– Particle in a box– expectation value – Ehrenfest theorem – Separation of wave

equation – Continuity and bound conditions – discrete and continuous energy

eigenvalues – one dimensional square well.

UNIT 2 Eigenfunctions And Eigenvalues Of Some Systems (15 hrs)

Energy eigenfunction – Orthonormality – Reality of energy eigenvalues – Momentum

eigenfunction – box normalization – Discrete eigenvalues – LHO – spherically

symmetric potential – square well-hydrogen atom – Degeneracy – Spherical polar

coordinate only.

UNIT 3 Matrix Formulations : (20 hrs)

Concept of Hilbert space – Dirac’s notation – projection operators – physical meaning

of matrix element – Equations of motion – Schrodinger picture – Heisenberg picture –

Interaction – Energy representation – Poisson and commutation brackets – Evaluation

of commutators – Virial theorem – Matrix theory of harmonic oscillator – coordinate

representation.

UNIT 4 Angular Momentum: (20 hrs)

The angular momentum operators– Commutation relations – eigenvalues

&eigenfunctions of L2&Lz

_ General angular momentum- angular momentum matrices

– spin angular momentum - matrices, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of spin -1/2

system – addition of angular momenta – Clebsch-Gordan coefficients – Recursion

relations –evaluation of coefficients for j1=1 and j2=1/2

UNIT 5 Perturbation Theories: (15 hrs)

Time independent perturbation – basic concepts – non-degenerate energy levels- 1st

order correction- 2nd

order correction- Ground state of Helium- Stark effect –

Degenerate energy levels – 1st order correction - Zeeman effect (

1P-

1S transition) –

variational principle – Ground state of Helium- The WKB method

REFERENCES:

1. Schiff,L.I., 1968, Quantum Mechanics, III ed., - McGraw Hill Publication, New

Delhi. [Unit – I : Chap.1 : 1,2,3 & Chap.2 : 6,7,8,9 (relevant titles) Unit – II : Chap.3 :

10,11 & Chap. 4:13, 14, 15 & 16 (relevant titles)

Unit – III : Chap.6 : 23, 24 & 25 (relevant titles)]

2. G. Aruldhas, 2002, Quantum Mechanics –Pearson Education.

[Unit – IV : Chap.8 (relevant titles)

Unit – V : Chap.9.1-9.2 ,9.4-9.6 Chap. 10.1,10.5, Chap. 11.1]

3. EugenMerzbacher, 1998, Quantum Mechanics- III ed., John Wiley.

4. Sakurai, J.J., 1994, Modern Quantum Mechanics- Addison – Wesley.

5. Peebles, P.J.E., 2001,Quantum Mechanics- Prentice Hall of India.

6. Richard, L. Liboff , 2003, Introductory Quantum Mechanics,4th ed., Pearson

education.

7. S.Devanarayanan, 2010, Quantum Mechanics - SCITECH

8. Chatwal and Anand, 1993, Quantum Mechanics - Himalaya Publ.



Class : I year Part : Core Elective-2


Code : 15PPYE22 Total hours : 90

APPLIED ELECTRONICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the concepts of Applied Electronics and their applications.

UNIT I Electronic Devices (15 hours)

SCR – Characteristics and Parameters – SCR Control circuits - TRIAC and DIAC

operation and characteristics, UJT Characteristics – Parameters – Relaxation

Oscillator – UJT control of an SCR- Seven segment display – LED and LCD.

UNIT II Digital electronics (20 hours)

Simplification of Boolean functions – The map method – Four variable map-product

of sums simplifications – NAND and NOR implementation. Don’t care conditions –

Flip-flops – Analysis of clocked sequential circuits. Design procedure design of

counters – Registers – introduction – shift registers – counters – ripple counters –

synchronous counter – DAC and ADC (introductory ideas only).

UNIT III 8085 Instructions And Programming Techniques: (15 hours)

8085 and its architecture –Introduction to 8085 instructions – Data transfer operations

– arithmetic operations – logic operations – branch operations – writing assembly

language program – debugging a program. INSTRUCTIONS: Programming

techniques : Looping – Counting and indexing – additional data transfer and 16 bit

arithmetic instructions – arithmetic operations related to memory – Logic operations –

Rotate and compare – dynamic debugging.

UNIT IV Communication System (20 hours)

Frequency Modulation : Theory of frequency and phase modulation – Mathematical

representation of FM – Frequency spectrum of the FM wave - phase modulation -

intersystem comparisons – Effects of noise on carrier – pre emphasis and de-emphasis

other forms of interference - comparison of wide band and narrow band FM –

Stereophonic FM multiplex system – Generation of FM – direct methods – Stabilized

resistance modulator – AFC – indirect method – Pulse modulation – Types of pulse

modulation – pulse width – pulse positions and pulse code modulation.

UNIT V Operational Amplifier (20 hours)

The differential amplifier – The emitter coupled differential amplifier – Offset error

voltages and currents – Temperature drift of input offset voltage and current –

Measurement of operational amplifier parameters– dominant pole, pole – zero and

lead compensation – Opamp application – Analog integration and differentiation -

Electronic Analog computation – Active filters.

REFERENCES:

1. David A. Bell, Electronic devices and circuits- III Edition

[UNIT :I Ch.19.1 – 19.2, 19.4-19.5, 19.7, 20.3, 21.1]

2. Morrismano, Digital Logic and Computer Design- S.Prentice Hall of India

UNIT :II Ch.3.0-3.1, 3.3, 3.5-3.6, 3.8, Ch.6.2, 6.4, 6.7-6.8, Ch.7.1-7.5 ]

3. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and application with 8085 III edition –

Ramesh Gaonkar, 1997, Penram International Publishing.

[Unit – III :Ch :4.1, 6.1 – 6.6, 7.1 – 7.6]

4. G.Kennedy& Davis, Electronic Communication Systems- III Edition.

[UNIT :IV Ch.5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 13.2.]

5. Millman& Halkias, Integrated electronics

[UNIT : V Ch. 15.2-3, 15.6-8, 15.10-12, 16.1, 16.4-6.]

6. Roy Choudhery, D. & Shall Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits - New Age International

publication.



Class : I year Part : Non Major Elective-1


Code : 15PPYN12 Total hours : 90

ENERGY PHYSICS

(ELECTIVE - FOR OTHER MAJOR STUDENTS 2015-16 ONWARDS)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective: To get an idea about the necessary non-conventional energy sources to manage

the energy crisis.

UNIT 1: An Introduction To Energy Sources 15 hrs

An Introduction – Energy consumption as a measure of prosperity – conventional

sources (coal, oil and gas) and energy production – availability and problems

associated.

UNIT 2: Radiation Measurements 15 hrs

Solar constant – solar radiation at the earth’s surface- solar radiation measurement

[Pyroheliometer (Angstrom, Abbot silver disk, Eppley) – Pyranometer].

UNIT 3: Solar Energy Collectors 25 hrs

Introduction – physical principle of the conversion of solar radiation into heat – flat

plate collectors (water and air heaters only) - concentrating collectors [Focusing type

(parabolic trough reflector, mirror – strip reflector)] advantages and disadvantages of

concentrating collectors over flat plate collectors.

UNIT 4: Some Other Applications Of Solar Energy 20 hrs

Solar water heating (pressurized natural circulation) - space heating (basic hot water

and air systems) - Solar electric power generation (Introduction to solar photo-voltaic

only) – Solar distillation – Solar cooking (design principle and constructional detail of

a box type solar cooker).

UNIT 5: Other Forms of Energy 15 hrs

Wind energy (formation, character and production) – Basics principles of - biomass

and biogas- ocean thermal energy conversion system – geothermal energy – hydro

power production – thermo electric power generation – nuclear power generation.

REFERENCES:

1. Rai,G.D., 2005, Non-conventional sources of Energy-4th

Ed., Khanna Publishers,

New Delhi. (Unit I: Chap 1, Unit II : Chap 2, Unit III : Chap 3,4 & 5, Unit IV : Chap

4 & 5)

2. Recent trends in fuel cell files and technology, Edited by Sudhoy Atwa, Springer

publishers, New Delhi. (Unit IV related topics in this book)

3. M.N.Rao and H.V.N. Rao, 1989, Air Pollution –Tata McGraw Hill.(Unit V (related

topics in this book)

4. H.P.Garg and J.Prakash, 2004, Solar Energy – Fundamentals and Applications Tata

McGraw Hill.

5. Suresh K. Shameja, 2004, Environmental Engineering and Management, SK Kataria

& Sons Publishers, New Delhi.

6. B.S.N.Raju, Air Pollution

7. K.Kumaraswamy, A.Alagappa Moses and M.Vasanthy, Environmental Studies

(Bharathidasan University).



Class : I year Part : Core Lab - 2


Code : 15PPYP22 Total hours : 90

PG Laboratory – II

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To apply the physics principles in the electronic experiments and

measure different physical parameters.

Any 10 of the following practicals

1. UJT characteristics and applications

2. Two stage RC- coupled transistor amplifier with feed back

3. Regulated Power supply – Using IC’s

4. Schmidt trigger using IC 555

5. D/A converter (4 – bit binary weighted register)

6. OP- Amp wave generator

7. Michelson Interferometer

8. Elliptic fringes- Determination of Elastic constants

9. Hall Effect

10. Hartmann’s formula- Spectrometer

11. Stefan’s constant – Determination

12. Experiments with LASER

13. Constant deviation spectrograph ( Al/Cu/ Fe)

14. e/m- Magnetron method

15. Dielectric constant of liquid

16. Experiments using Solar photo-voltaic system

17. OP-AMP- Solving Simultaneous Equations & Differential Equations

18. PCB design and circuit construction

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (Autonomous), KARUMATHUR – 625 514.


PG Physics

QUESTIONS PAPER PATTERN

2012 – 2013 onwards

PG COURSE

Section A: No Choice – Short Answer Questions (10) 10 X 2 = 20

All Mandatory

Section B: Open Choice – Long Answer Questions (5 / 8) 5 X 16 = 80

Note:

1. Questions may include a) Theory, b) Derivation, c) Experiment

2. Problems may be asked as a part of the big question in any two/three questions

_________

Total = 100

_________



Class : II year Part : Core-6

Semester : III Credit : 5

Code : Total hours : 90

QUANTUM MECHANICS – II

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To get an idea about the perturbation, identical particles and their spin,

scattering theory, and relativistic quantum mechanics.

UNIT 1 Perturbation Theory (20 hours)

Time-dependent perturbation theory – Interaction picture – I order perturbation –

Harmonic perturbation – Transition probability – Ionisation of a hydrogen atom-

density of final states – Ionisation probability – Semiclassical treatment of radiation –

Absorption and induced emission Maxwell’s equations – plane electromagnetic waves

– use of perturbation theory – transition probability – Interpretation in terms of

absorption and emission – electric dipole transition – Forbidden transitions.

UNIT 2 Identical Particles &Spin (15 hours)

Symmetry and antisymmetry wave functions – distinguish ability of identical particles

– exclusion principle – connection with statistical mechanics – spin angular

momentum – spin matrices and eigenfunction – Electron spin functions – The Helium

atom – Spin function for three electrons.

UNIT 3 Scattering (20 hours)

Scattering cross section- scattering amplitude – partial waves –partial waves analysis

– significant number of partial waves – scattering by an attractive square –well

potential – Breit- wigner formula – scattering length – expression for phase shifts –

Integral equation – The Born approximation – scattering by screened coulomb

potential – validity of Born approximation.

UNIT 4 Relativistic Wave Equations (20 hours)

Klein Gordon equation for a free particle solution – charge and current density –

electromagnetic potentials – separation of the equation – Energy levels – Dirac’s

relativistic equation – free particle solution – electromagnetic potentials – significance

of negative energy states – Dirac’s equation for a central field – separation of the

equation – Hydrogen atom – classification of energy levels.

UNIT 5 Quantum Field Equation (15 hours)

Classical and quantum field equations – classical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian

equation – quantisation equation for the this field – Quantisation of non-relativistic

Schrodinger wave equation – Anti commutation relation – Electromagnetic field in

vacuum – commutation relation.

REFERENCES:

1. Schiff, L.I., 1968, Quantum Mechanics, III ed., - McGraw Hill Publication,

[Unit – I : Chap.8, Sec.35 and Chap.11, Sec.44 (relevant titles)

Unit – II : Chap.10, Sec40 and Sec.41 (relevant titles)

Unit – IV : Chap.13, Secs.51, 52 and 53 (hydrogen atom discussion only

qualitatively)

Unit – V : Chap.14, Secs.54, 55 and 56]

2. G. Aruldhas, 2002, Quantum Mechanics –Pearson Education.

[Unit – III : Chap.14]

3. SathyaPrakash and Swati Saluja, 26, Quantum Mechanics-Kedarnath Ram nath& co,

UNIT - IV

4. EugenMerzbacher, 1998, Quantum Mechanics- III ed., John Wiley.

5. Sakurai, J.J., 1994, Modern Quantum Mechanics- Addison – Wesley.

6. Peebles, P.J.E., 2001,Quantum Mechanics- Prentice Hall of India.

7. Richard, L. Liboff , 2003, Introductory Quantum Mechanics,4th ed., Pearson

education.

8. S.Devanarayanan, Quantum Mechanics - SCITECH

9. Chatwal and Anand, 1993, Quantum Mechanics - Himalaya Publ.






SOLID STATE PHYSICS - I

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To get an idea about the basics of crystals, phonons, free electron theory,

and semiconductors.

UNIT 1 Crystal Structure & Reciprocal Lattice (20 hours)

Periodic arrangement of atoms – concepts of a lattice – lattice translation vectors –

primitive lattice cell – two-and three dimensional lattice types – Miller indices of

crystal planes – Simple crystal structures like sodium chloride type – cesium chloride

type – hexagonal and face centered close packed structures – diamond structure and

cubic zinc sulphide structure.

DIFFRACTION OF WAVES BY CRYSTALS :Bragg’s law – Reciprocal lattice

vectors – Laue equations – Brillouin zones – Reciprocal lattices to sc, bcc and fcc

lattices – Fourier analysis of the basis and structure factors of bcc and fcc lattices.

UNIT 2 Crystal Binding And Elastic Constants (15 hours)

Inert gas crystals – ionic – covalent and metallic crystals – Hydrogen bonds – atomic

radii – Analysis of elastic stiffness and compliance constants – Elastic waves in cubic

crystals.

UNIT 3 Phonons (15 hours)

Vibrations of linear monoatomic and diatomic chains – quantization of elastic waves

– phonon momentum – Plank distribution for a system of identical harmonic

oscillators – Periodic boundary condition and density of states in one and two

dimensions – Einstein and Debye’s theories of specific heat – Anharmonicity of

lattice vibrations – thermal expansion – Thermal conductivity and umklapp processes.

UNIT 4 Free Electron Fermi Gasand Energy Bands (20 hours)

Energy levels in one dimensions – Fermi-Dirac distribution for a free electron gas –

periodic boundary condition and free electron gas in three dimensions – Heat capacity

of the electron gas – Ohm’s law – Matthiessen’s rule and Umklapp process – Hall

effect – Wiedemann – Franz law – Nearly free electron model and the origin and

magnitude of the energy gap – Bloch functions – Motion of an electron in a periodic

potential – Kronig-Penny model – Bloch theorem – Approximate solution near a zone

boundary

UNIT 5 (20 hours)

SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALS, FERMI SURFACES and METALS Band gap in

semiconductors – Equations of motion – holes and effective mass – Intrinsic mobility

– Donor and acceptor states and thermal ionization of donors and acceptor –

Reduced and periodic zone schemes – Construction of Fermi surfaces – Electron

orbits – Tight-Binding method for energy bands – Wigner-Seitz method and

cohesive energy – Quantization of orbits in a magnetic field – De Hass-Van Alphen

effect.

REFERENCES:

1. Charles Kittel, 2007, Introduction to SolidState Physics, VII Edition

[Unit I – Ch.1 and 2 (relevant titles)

Unit II – Ch.3 (relevant titles)

Unit III – Ch.4 and 5 (relevant titles)

Unit IV – Ch.6 and 7 (relevant titles)

Unit V – Ch.8 and 9 (relevant titles) ]

2. S.O.Pillai, 2005, SolidState Physics, New Age International.

3. M.Ali Omar, 2001, Elementary SolidState Physics, Addison Wesley Pub.

4. Ashcroft and Mermin, SolidState Physics –HarcourtCollege Publ.

5. J.P.Srivastava, 2001, Elements of SolidState Physics –Prentice Hall of India

6. P.K.Palanisamy, 2003, SolidState Physics –SCITECH

7. B.S.Saxena,R.C.Gupta& P.N Saxena . PragatiPrakashan - Fundamentals of Solid

State Physics


DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS - M. SC. (PHYSICS)

Class : II year Part : Core


Code : 12PHC335 Total hours : 90

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the concepts of electrostatics, magnetostatics,

electrodynamics.

UNIT 1 ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS I & II (20 Hours)

Electrostatic fields in a vacuum – The equations of poisson and of Laplace

– conductors – calculation of the electric field produced by a simple charge

distribution – The elastic dipole – The linear electric quadrupole – Electric

multipoles. Dielectric Materials, The electric polarization – Electric field at

an exterior point – Electric field at an interior point – The local field – The

electric susceptibility – The divergence of E – The electric displacement D-

Calculation of electric fields involving dielectrics – The Clausisus –

Mossotti equation – Polar dielectrics – Frequency dependence, Anisotropy

and non homogeneity .

UNIT 2 ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS III (20 Hours)

Continuity of V, D, E at the interface between two different media – The

uniqueness theorem – Solution of Laplace’s equation in rectangular

coordinates.Legendre’s equation - Legendre polynomials – Solution of

Legendre’s equation in spherical coordinates. MAGNETIC FIELDS I :

Steady current and non magnetic materials – Magnetic forces – The

magnetic induction B – The BiotSavart law – The divergence of a point

charge moving in a magnetic field – The divergence of the magnetic

induction B – The vector potential – The curl of the magnetic induction B –

Ampere’s circuital law.

UNIT 3 MAGNETIC FIELDS II (15 Hours)

The Faraday induction law – The induced electric field intensity E in terms

of the vector potential – A-Induced Electromotance in a moving system –

Maxwell’s equations : The conservation of electric charge – The potentials

V and A – retarded potential – The Lorentz condition – The divergence of

E and the non homogeneous wave equation for V – Non-homogeneous

equation for A – The curl of B – Maxwell’s equations.

UNIT 4 PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (15 Hours)

Plane wave in infinite media – Plane electromagnetic waves in free space

– Poynting vector and Poynting theorem – The E and H vectors in

homogeneous, isotropic, linear and stationary media – propagation of

place electromagnetic waves in nonconductors – propagation of plane

electromagnetic waves in good conductors.

UNIT 5 GUIDED ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (20 Hours)

Propagation in a straight line – The coaxial line – The hollow rectangular

wave guide radiation of electromagnetic waves – Electric dipole radiation :

The scalar potential – The vector potential A and the magnetic field

intensity – The electric field intensity E – The average pointing vector and

the radiated power – The electric and magnetic lines of force – The K

surface.

REFERENCES:

1. Paul Lorrain & Dale R.Corson, 2005, Electromagnetic fields and waves, CBs

Publ.,New Delhi

[Unit – I : Chap (2) Secs. 2.6 – 2.11, Chap (3) 3.1 – 3.10

Unit – II : Chap (4) Secs. 4.1, 4.2, 4.4. 4.5, Chap (7) Secs 7.1 – 7.7

Unit – III : Chap (8) Secs. 8.1 – 8.3, Chap (10) Secs.10.1, 10.2, 10.2.1, 10.3 – 10.7,

Unit – IV : Chap (11) Secs. 11.1 – 11.5,

Unit – V : Chap (13) Secs. 13.1 – 13.3, Chap(14) Sec 14.1.1 – 14.1.6]

7. Griffiths David, J., Introduction to Electrodynamics –

8. Jackson John, Classical Electrodynamics

9. Reitz, Milford and Christy, Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory –– Narosa

Publications

10. P.Mukhopadhyay, Electromagnetic theory and applications –Tata McCraw Hill

11. J.D.Kraus, Electromagnetics –McCraw Hill


DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS -M. SC. (PHYSICS)

Class : II year Part : Core Elective


Code : 12PHE334 Total hours : 90

APPLIED ELECTRONICS

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the concepts of Applied Electronics and their applications.

UNIT I Electronic Devices (15 Hours)

SCR – Characteristics and Parameters – SCR Control circuits - TRIAC and DIAC

operation and characteristics, UJT Characteristics – Parameters – Relaxation

Oscillator – UJT control of an SCR- Seven segment display – LED and LCD.

UNIT II Digital electronics (15 Hours)

Simplification of Boolean functions – The map method – Four variable map-

product of sums simplifications – NAND and NOR implementation. Don’t care

conditions – Flip-flops – Analysis of clocked sequential circuits. Design

procedure design of counters – Registers and counters.

UNITIII DAC, ADC& Timer IC (20 Hours)

Basic DAC techniques – Weighted resistor DAC – R-2R ladder DAC – Monolithic

DAC – A/D converters – Parallel comparators ADC – Counter type ADC -

Successive approximation counter – IC 555 timer - Monostable operation –

Applications. – Astable operation & Applications. - Schmitt trigger.

UNIT IV COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (20 Hours)

Frequency Modulation : Theory of frequency and phase modulation –

Mathematical representation of FM – Frequency spectrum of the FM wave -

phase modulation -intersystem comparisons – Effects of noise on carrier – pre

emphasis and deemphasis other forms of interference - comparison of wide band

and narrow band FM – Stereophonic FM multiplex system – Generation of FM –

direct methods – Stabilized reactace modulator – AFC – indirect method – Pulse

modulation – Types of pulse modulation – pulse width – pulse positions and

pulse code modulation.

UNIT V OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER (20 Hours)

The differential amplifier – The emitter coupled differential amplifier – Offset

error voltages and currents – Temperature drift of input offset voltage and

current – Measurement of operational amplifier parameters– dominant pole,

pole – zero and lead compensation – Opamp application – Analog integration

and differentiation - Electronic Analog computation – Active filters.

REFERENCES:

1.David A. Bell, Electronic devices and circuits- III Edition

[UNIT :I Ch.19.1 – 19.2, 19.4-19.5, 19.7, 20.3, 21.1]

2. Morrismano, Digital Logic and Computer Design- S.Prentice Hall of India

[UNIT :II Ch.3.0-3.1, 3.3, 3.5-3.6, 3.8, Ch.6.2, 6.4, 6.7-6.8, Ch.7.1-7.5 ]

3. Roy Choudhery,D. & Shall Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits-

[UNIT :III Ch.10.2,10.2.1-10.2.2, 10.2.5, 10.3,10.3.1-10.3.2, 10.3.4, 8.3,8.3.1,8.4,8.4.1, 8.5. ]

4. G.Kennedy& Davis, Electronic Communication Systems- III Edition.

[UNIT :IV Ch.5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 13.2.]

5. Millman&Halkias, Integrated electronics

[UNIT : V Ch. 15.2-3, 15.6-8, 15.10-12, 16.1, 16.4-6.]



Class : II year Part : Core Lab-3


Code : Credit : 5

PHYSICS LAB – III

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To apply the physics principles of digital electronics and microprocessor

in the following experiments and their applications


1. R-S,J-K and D-flip flops

2. Different mod counters

3. Encoder / Decoder

4. Shift registers

5. Multiplexer and Demultiplexer

6. Microprocessor – I (addition with carry, subtraction, division and multiplication)

7. Microprocessor – II (shifting a block of data, finding largest in an array of

numbers, counting the particular element in an array)

8. Microprocessor – III (shift by 1-bit and 2-bits in a 8-bit and a 16-bit numbers,

factorial of a number)

9. Microprocessor – IV (1’s and 2’s complements)

10. Microprocessor – V (interfacing with seven segment display )

11. Microprocessor – VI (interfacing with stepper motor )

12. Microprocessor – VII (interfacing ADC, DAC )

13. Karnaugh Map

14. Comparator, Square and triangular wave generator

15. 4 – bit binary counter






SOLID STATE PHYSICS - II

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the advanced concepts of condensed matter physics and

to see their applications.

UNIT I Excitation And Optical Processes In Solids (20 hours)

Dielectric function of the electron gas – longitudinal plasma oscillation – plasmons –

Electrostatic screening – Screened coulomb potential – Mott transition – Screening

and phonons in metals – Polaritons and LST relation – Electron – Electron interaction

– phonon interaction and polarons – Peierls instability – Kramers – Kronig dispersion

relations – Frenkel and Mott – Wannierexcitons – Exciton condensation – Raman

effect in crystals.

UNIT II Super Conductivity (20 hours)

Its occurrence and its destruction by magnetic fields – Miessner effect – Heat capacity

– Energy gap – microwave and infrared properties and isotope effect – Stabilization

energy of a superconductor – London theory of Meissner effect – coherence length –

Basic ideas of BCS – flux quantization – Type II superconductors and vortex state –

Single particle tunneling DC and AC Josephson effects – Macroscopic quantum

interference – High temperature super conducting (HTC) materials.

UNIT III Magnetism In Solids (20 hours)

Langevin diamagnetism equation and quantum theory of dia-magnetism – Quantum

theory of para magnetism – Hund’s rules – Crystal field splitting and quenching of

orbital angular momentum – Spectroscopic splitting factor – Van vleck temperature

independent paramagnetism – Ferro magnetism : Curie point – Weiss molecular field

theory – Saturation magnetization – Quantization of spin waves (magnons) and

thermal excitation of magnons – Ferromagnetism and anti ferromagnetism – Neel

temperature – Ferromagnetic domain walls and origin of domains – Coercivity and

hysteresis.

UNIT IV Defects And Dislocations (15 hours)

Lattice vacancies – Diffusion – Metals – Colorcenters – F centers – Other centers in

alkali halides – Frenkel defects – Schottky defects.

Shear strength of single crystals – Slip – Dislocation – Burgers vectors – Stress fields

of dislocations – Strength of alloys – Dislocations and crystal growth – Whiskers.

UNIT V Quantum Hall Effects, Alloys And Ferroelectricity (15 hours)

IQHE and FQHE – PN junction – Rectification – Solar cells – Photovoltaic detectors.

Substitutional solid solutions – Hume Rothery rules – Elementary theory of order –

Kondo effect. Ferro electric crystals – Classification – Displacive transition – Soft

optical phonon – Landau theory of phase transition – first order and second order

transition.

REFERENCES:

1. Charles Kittel, 2007, Introduction to SolidState Physics, VII Edition

[Unit I – Ch.10 and 11 (relevant titles)

Unit II – Ch.12 (relevant titles)

Unit III – Ch.14 and 15 (relevant titles)

Unit IV – Ch.18 and 20 (relevant titles)

Unit V – Ch. 19, 21 and 13 (relevant titles)]

2. S.O.Pillai, 2005, Solid State Physics, New Age International.

3. M.Ali Omar, 2001, Elementary SolidState Physics: Principles and Applications,

Addison Wesley Pub.

4. Ashcroft and Mermin, 1976, SolidState Physics –Harcourt Asia Publ.

5. J.P.Srivastava, 2001, Elements of SolidState Physics –Prentice Hall of India

6. P.K.Palanisamy, 2003, SolidState Physics –SCITECH

7. B.S.Saxena,R.C.Gupta& P.N Saxena . PragatiPrakashan - Fundamentals of Solid

State Physics






NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the basics of nuclear properties, forces, models, radio

activity, sub-nuclear particles.

UNIT I Nuclear Properties And Nuclear Forces (20 hours)

Charge – mass – radius – angular momentum (spin) – Magnetic dipole moment –

Electric quadrapole moment – Parity – Isobaric spin (isospin) Statistics – The nuclear

level spectrum – Nuclear forces : Introduction – Deuteron (properties of Nuclear

force, no excited S-states, range and depth of potential – Excited states of the

Deuteron) – Neutron – Proton scattering at low energies (Scattering length, Phase

shift, Spin-dependence, Coherent Scattering) – Proton – Proton scattering at low

energies – Similarity between nn and pp forces – Non-central forces (Experimental

evidence for the non-central forces, General form of this force, its properties - Meson

theory of nuclear forces.

UNIT II Radio Activity (15 hours)

Laws of radioactivity – radioactive equilibrium – radioactive series – isotopes - -

decay - -particle spectra – Gamow’s theory of -decay –β-decay - β-spectroscopy

(no instrumentation) – neutrino hypothesis – Fermi theory – Gamma radiation –

measurement of γ-ray energies – Internal conversion - Internal pair creation – nuclear

isomerism.

UNITIII Nuclear Models (15 hours)

Introduction – Fermi gas model – Liquid drop model – Shell model (Magic numbers ,

Extreme single particle model, (Square well of infinite depth, Harmonic Oscillator

Potential, Spin-Orbit Potential), Single Particle Model – Individual Particle Model,

Predictions of Shell Model, (Collective Nuclear Model, Unified Model,

Superconductivity model- Basic Concepts only).

UNIT IV Nuclear Reactions, Fission And Fusion (20 hours)

Kinds of Nuclear reactions – Conservation Laws – Nuclear reaction kinematics ––

Nuclear cross section – Compound nucleus – Nuclear transmutations – By alpha

particles - by protons – by neutrons – by deuterons – by tritium - by radiation – by

heavy ions -Direct reactions (Stripping reactions, Pickup reactions), Stripping

reactions and the shell model.Nuclear Fission (Types of Fission, Distribution of

fission products, Neutron Emission in Fission, Fissile and Fertile materials,

Spontaneous fission, Deformation of liquid drop, Bohr and Wheeler’s Theory –

Quantum effects) - Nuclear Fusion and Thermo nuclear reactions – Controlled

thermonuclear reactions (hydrogen bomb, Different methods for the production of

fusion reactions)

UNIT V Sub-Nuclear Physics (20 hours)

An overview : Particle classification – The particle directory – Leptons and quarks –

The fundamental particles – The fundamental interactions – Vacuum polarization –

Towards a unification of the fundamental interactions. SYMMETRY

TRANSFORMATIONS AND CONVERSATION LAWS :Introduction –

Translations in space – Rotations in space – The group SU(2) – Systems if identical

particles – Parity – Isospin: an example of the SU(2) group – Charge conjugation –

Time reversal – The CPT theorem – G-parity – The electromagnetic field – Summary.

REFERENCES:

1. Tayal, D.C., 1995, Nuclear Physics, Himalaya Publishing House.

[Unit – I: Chapter 8,

Unit- II: Sections 2.1-2.3,2.11,2.12,5.5-5.6, 6.1-6.3, 6.5, 7.1-7.2, 7.4 -7.6,

Unit – III, IV: Chapters 9, 10, 13 (relevant titles), Unit V:relvant titles]

2. Irving Kaplan, 1955, Nuclear Physics, 2nd

ed., Addison Wesley, New York.

3. Roy and Nigam, 1967, Nuclear Physics. 1st ed., New Age Intl., New Delhi.

4. Fujia Yang and Joseph Hamilton, Modern atomic and Nuclear Physics, McGraw Hill.

5. Burcham,W.E. &Jobes, M., 1998, Nuclear and Particle Physics,

International Student Edition, Addition Wesley Longman Inc.



Class : II year Part : Core Elective-4



APPLIED OPTICS AND LASER PHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the applications of optics such as LASERs and fiber optics and

the corresponding theory.

UNIT I LASER- I (15 hours)

Introduction – Einstein coefficients – Light amplification – threshold condition –

Laser rate equations – variation of Laser power around threshold- Optimum output

coupling – Line broadening mechanisms

UNIT II LASER-II (20 hours)

Introduction- Modes of a rectangular cavity and the open planar resonator- Quality

factor – The ultimate line width of the Laser – Mode Selection – Q- Switching –

Mode locking in Lasers – Modes of a confocal resonator system- General spherical

resonator – High order modes

UNIT III laser systems & spatial frequency Filtering (20 hours)

Laser System- Ruby Laser - Neodymium based Lasers – He-Ne Laser – Argon ion

Laser – CO2 Laser – Dye Laser – Excimer Lasers

Spatial frequency filtering : Introduction - Fourier Transform and some of its

important properties – F.T property of a thin lens – some elementary examples of the

Fourier transforming property of a lens

UNIT IV Electro-Optic Effect (15 hours)

Introduction – Electro-optic effect in KDP crystals: longitudinal mode & transverse

mode – electro-optic effect in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate crystals- general

considerations on modulator design- The index ellipsoid in the presence of an external

electric field .

UNIT V Optical Fiber & Non- Linear Optics (20 hours)

Optical fiber - Introduction – types – Numerical aperture (NA) – Pulse dispersion in

step index fibres. Non-linear optics: Introduction – Self Focusing phenomenon-

Second Harmonic Generation-Calculation of nonlinear polarization - Effect of

deviation from the phase matching angle-Coupled equation and their solution -

Generation of sum and difference frequencies.

REFERENCES:

1. Ajoy Ghatak& K. Thyagarajan, 1991, Optical Electronics, First Edition, Cambridge

University Press.

[UNIT-I : Chapters 8.1 -8.8 Pages 201- 243

UNIT –II Chapters : 9.1-9.10 ,Pages 245-291

UNIT- IIIChapters: 10.1-10.8 & 6.1 – 6.4 Pages 294-308, 167-169

UNIT-IV Chapters : 15.1-15.6 ,Pages 461-498

UNIT-V: Chapters – 13.1-13.4,20.1-20.3 ,Pages 364-368 & 564-569]

2. B.B.Laud, Laser & Non – Linear Optics.

3. Senior John, M., Optical Fiber communication: Principles and Practice, 2nd

ed.,

Pearson Education, New Delhi.



Class : year Part : Core Elective

Semester : Credit : 4


PHOTONICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the properties of light and the linear and non-linear

interactions of light with matter.

UNIT 1 Properties And Description of Light (20 hours)

Properties of photons – lane waves monochromatic light – Gaussian beams – Ray

matrices – Describing light polarization- Light characteristics – Statistical properties

of photon fields – Interference and coherence light.

UNIT 2 Linear Interactions With Matter (20 hours)

Refraction and Dispersion – Absorption and Emission – Measurement of absorption –

polarization in refraction and reflection – Relation between reflection, absorption,

refraction – Birefringence – Optical activity – Diffraction- Light scattering processes

– Optical materials.

UNIT 3 Nonlinear Interactions (15 hours)

Nonresonant interactions – Nonlinear polarization of the medium – Second order

effects – Third order effects – Higher order nonlinear effects – Materials for

nonresonant nonlinear interactions.

UNIT 4 Nonlinear Interactions Without Interactions (20 hours)

Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening – Incoherent interaction – Coherent

resonant interaction – Two photon and multiphoton abortion – photoionization and

optical breakdown – Optical damage – Laser material processing – Combined

interactions – Materials in resonant nonlinear optics.

UNIT 5 Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy (15 hours)

General procedure – Conventional absorption measurements – Conventional emission

measurements – Nonlinear transmission measurements – Nonlinear emission

measurements.

REFERENCE:

1. Ralf Menzel, 2001, Photonics: Linear and nonlinear interactions of laser light with

matter, Springer International Edition

[relevant sections from Ch.2, 3, 4, 5, 7]






ASTROPHYSICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To study the properties of stars and their evolution and to understand

the origin and structure of the universe.

UNIT 1 Astronomical Instruments And Space Astronomy (15 hrs)

Introduction – Optical telescopes – Optical photometric instruments and techniques –

Optical spectroscopy – Radio telescopes – Miscellaneous remarks – Infrared

astronomy – Ultraviolet astronomy – X-ray astronomy – Gamma ray astronomy – The

Hubble space telescope.

UNIT 2 Properties of Stars - I (20 hrs)

Apparent luminosities of stars – Magnitude scale – measurement of apparent

luminosity – various magnitude systems – Corrections for observed magnitudes –

Stellar distances and absolute luminosity – Measurement of distances within the solar

system – Trigonometric parallaxes of stars – The method of luminosity distance.

UNIT 3 Properties of Stars - II (20 hrs)

Surface temperature of stars – Introduction – Laws for radiation in thermodynamic

equilibrium – Application of radiation laws to stellar photospheres – Defining

temperature of stars by matter laws – Spectral classification of stars – Masses and

radii of stars – Kepler’s third law – Binary stars – Measurement of stellar radii –

Important relation between stellar parameters – Stellar energy sources (only

qualitatively).

UNIT 4 Stellar Evolution (20 hrs)

Evolution near the main sequence – Star formation – Pre-main sequence contraction –

post-main sequence evolution – Nucleosynthesis – Super dense remnants – Evolution

of close binary systems

UNIT 5 External Galaxies and Cosmology (15 hrs)

Building blocks of the universe – Radio galaxies and quasars – Clusters and multiple

galaxies – Cosmology – Introduction – Some specific cosmological models – Past and

future of the universe.

REFERENCES:

1. K.D.Abyankar, 2001, Astrophysics : Stars and Galaxies, Universities Press,.

[ relevant titles from Chs.3,4, 5, 6, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20].

2. Bradley W.Carrol and Dale A.Ostlie, 2007, An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics,

2nd

ed., Pearson International Edition.






MICROPROCESSORS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : To understand the concepts of microprocessors, programming and

interfacing.

UNIT 1 8085 Instructions And Operations : (15 hrs)

8085 and its architecture – Instruction classification – Instruction format –assemble

and execute a simple program – Introduction to 8085 instructions – Data transfer

operations – arithmetic operations – logic operations – branch operations – writing

assembly language program – debugging a program.

UNIT 2 Programming Techniques With Additional (15 hrs)

INSTRUCTIONS : Programming techniques : Looping – Counting and indexing –

additional data transfer and 16 bit arithmetic instructions – arithmetic operations

related to memory – Logic operations – Rotate and compare – dynamic debugging.

UNIT 3 Counters And Time Delays : (20 hrs)

Counters and time delays illustrative programs – hexadecimal counters – zero to nine

counter – generating pulse waveform-debugging counters and time delay programs –

Stack – subroutine – conditional call and return instructions – advanced subroutine

concepts.

UNIT 4 Interrupts : (20 hrs)

The 8085 interrupts – 8085 vectored interrupts – restart as software instructions.

INTERFACING DATA CONVERTERS : – 8255A programmable peripheral

interface - Digital to analog converters – Analog to digital converters.

UNIT 5: Other Microprocessors : (20 hrs)

Intel 8086 – Pin description – Operating modes – Operation – registers –

interrupts – lock – bus cycle – typical configuration – instructions – addressing modes

– Intel 8088 – pin configuration – typical 8088 based computer system.

REFERENCES:

1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and application with 8085 III edition –

Ramesh Gaonkar, 1997, Penram International Publishing.

[Unit – I : Sec.3.1 – 3.5, 5.1 – 5.5, 6.1 – 6.6.,Unit – II : Sec.7.1 – 7.6

Unit – III : Sec.8.1 – 8.5, 9.1 – 9.4, Unit – IV : Sec.12.1 – 12.3, 13.1-2, 15.1]

2. Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Micro Computers – Ram, B., 1999, Dhanpat

Rai Publications.

[Unit – V : Sec.11.1, 11.2, 11.5]

3. Introduction to Microprocessor – Aditya P.Mathur,1984, Tata McCraw Hill, New

Delhi.



Class : II year Part :


Code : Total Hours : 180

PROJECT WORK

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective : (i) To apply the physics principles in a project,

(ii) to have an idea about research work,

(iii) to get an experience of writing dissertation for any project

Each candidate has to submit a dissertation on any topic in physics after collecting materials

and working out the details during the IV semester. It may be a theoretical work or an

experimental work or even a compilation of material of current interest from literature.

The dissertation is evaluated by internal and external examiners with viva on the project

work

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (Autonomous), KARUMATHUR – 625 514.


PG Physics

QUESTIONS PAPER PATTERN

2015 – 2016 onwards

PG COURSE

Section A: No Choice – Short Answer Questions (10) 10 X 2 = 20

All Mandatory

Section B: Open Choice – Long Answer Questions (5 / 8) 5 X 16 = 80

Note:

1. Questions may include a) Theory, b) Derivation, c) Experiment

2. Problems may be asked as a part of the big question in any two/three questions

_________

Total = 100

_________

arul anandar college (autonomous), karumathur department ... · arul anandar college (autonomous),...

Documents