arum alpinum

8/9/2019 Arum Alpinum

1/11

Phyton (Horn, Austria)

ol

35

Fasc.

1 103 113

28.7. 1995

Arum alpinum Araceae)anditsDistribution

in

the

Eastern Mediterranean

By

Marija B E D A L O V

*)

& Manfred A. F I S C H E R **)

With 1 Figure

Received May

2,

1994

Key words: Araceae, Arum, Arum alpinum. - Chorology, distribution,tax-

onomy.-FloraofGreece.

Summary

BEDALOVM. &FISCHERM .A.1995.Arum alpinum (Araceae)and itsdistribution

intheEastern Mediterranean. - Phyton (Horn, Austria) 35 (1):103-113,1figure. -

English with German summary.

Arum alpinum SCHOTT& KOTSCHY,

a

good species well distinct fromA.macula-

tum

L. as

well

as

from A.Orientale

M. B. by

tuber shape

and

spadix

and

spathe

characters,

is

distributed

not

only

in

central Europe,

S.

Italy,

S.

France, Spain,

and

Crete

but

also

in

Ewia (=Euboea)

and

continental Greece. Specimens from around

Istanbul remain doubtful (belonging rather

to

A.Orientalethan

to

A.alpinum).

Zusammenfassung

BEDALOV

M. &

FISCHERM.

A.

1995.Arum alpinum (Araceae)

und

dessen

Ver-

breitung

in der

Ost-Mediterraneis.

-

Phyton (Horn, Austria)35(1): 103-113, 1Abbil-

dung.

-

Englisch

mit

deutscher Zusammenfassung.

Arum alpinum SCHOTT

&

KOTSCHY

ist

eine gute

Art, die

sich sowohl

von

A . maculatum L. wie von

A.OrientaleM.

B.

deutlich unterscheidet,undzwarin der

GestaltderKnolle,imLngenverhltnis LaubblattstielzuSchaft

und

inMerkmalen

von Spatha und Spadix.

A.alpinumist

nicht

nur

im stlichen Mitteleuropa verbreitet,

sondern auch

in

Sdeuropa (es

war

bisher

aus

Spanien, Sd-Frankreich, Sd-Italien,

Bulgarien, Nord-Griechenland

und

Kreta bekannt). Hier berichten

wir nun

ber neue

Funde

aus

Griechenland

und

diskutieren Belege

aus der

nordwestlichen Trkei

(Um-

gebung von Istanbul), die vielleicht eher zu

A.

Orientale

als

zu

A. alpinum

gehren.

*)

Prof.

Dr.Marija BEDALOV, Botanicki zavod PMFa Sveucilista u Zagrebu,

Marulicev

trg20/11,

CRO-41000 Zagreb, Croatia.

**)

Prof.

Dr.Manfred A. FISCHER, Institut fr Botanik derUniversitt Wien,

Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria.


2/11

104

1. I n t r o d u c t i o n

Arum alpinum SCHOTT&KOTSCHY

has been described

on the

basis

of

plants from

the

Transsylvanian Alps (SCHOTT 1851). Afterwards, many

authors included A.alpinum within A.maculatum

L. (e.g.RICHT ER

1890,

BECK-MANNAGETTA

1903,

ASCHERSON

&

GRAEBNER

1904,

ENGLER

1920,

HAYEK

&

MARKGRAF

1933,

RIEDL

1967), andithas also been redescribedas

A .

maculatum subsp. danicum

PRIME 1961 and

later recombined

as

A .

Orientale subsp.danicum

(PRIME) PRIME

1980.

Rather often,

it was

also identified

as A.maculatum var.

im~

maculatum REICHENB." (The characters givenforthis varietyin the key of

the varieties

inRIEDL 1979fit

perfectly well

to

A.alpinum.)

Our

species

has been even included

inA italicum:A i var.lanceolatum

(Boiss.

&

HELDR.) ENGL.

-

After some early remarks

by

DIHORU

1970,

it

were

TERP

1971,

1973andBEDALOV

1973a,

b,1976 who,

based

on

morphological,

cytotaxonomical

and

phytogeographical investigations, recognized this

taxon

as a

well distinct separate species. Later,

A alpinumis

treated

by

RIEDL

1979as asubspeciesof

A

Orientale

M.B. and by

PRIME

1980as a

synonym

of

A.Orientalesubsp.Orientale.

GUTERMANN

&

al.

1973, however,

ranked

our sib as a

(micro)species within

A. maculatum agg.

which

comprises also A.maculatum andA.italicum. Recently, BOYCE1989, 1993,

likewise, treats A.alpinum

at

species rank.

Recent investigations

in

the

genus

Arum

(TERP

1971, 1973,

BEDALOV

1973a,b, 1975a,b, c, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1994,

BEDALOV&GUTERMANN1982, BEDALOV& al. 1993a, b, BEDALOV&BRONIC

1994, BEDALOV

&

DRENKOVSKI

1994,

GREUTER

1984,

BOYCE

1989, 1993),

however, revealed that A.

alpinum

differs

not

only from A.

maculatumbut

also from

A.

Orientale,

A.

italicum MILLER

and A.

creticum Boiss.

&

HELDR. ,i. e.

from species with which

A.

alpinum often

has

been

and fre-

quently still

is

misidentified.

Althoughthedifferences between these species have been discussedin

severalof thepapers mentioned above,

it

seems necessaryandappropriate,

before considering phytogeography,

tosum up

here what

we

consider

the

main diagnostic characters,

in

order

to

avoid future confusion.

2. Distinction from other species

Arum alpinum hasa

depressed-globose

to

discoid tuber

(ina

vertical

to horizontal position);theleavesareusuallynot oronly slightly sagittate

and uniformly green;

the

peduncle (= scape) usually

is

about

as

long

as the

petiole;

the

limb (blade)

of

the

spathe

is (if

flattened) ovato-lanceolate

to

elliptic-lanceolate and notmore than about 2

1

/zto 3timesaslongas the

tube (i.

e.

thelower, closed part

of

thespathe), pale greenishon theinner

side

or

slightly purple

on the

inner border;

the

appendix

ofthe

spadix

is

more

or

less purple, uniformly cylindrical

(=

vermiculate )

or

somewhat


3/11

105

enlarged at the top, but the stipe (= stalk) usually is not very distinct (i . e. ,

the appendix is either not differentiated into a club and a stipe (or stalk) ,

or i t is , but with the basis of the club gradually tapering into the stipe); the

whole spadix is usually about half the length of the whole spathe or

slightly longer (rarely shorter); the upper sterile flowers are usually in

4-6(-8) row s; the ma le flowers a re dar k p urp le. It is a diploid (2n = 28),

which has been confirmed several t imes and for different parts of the dis-

tribution area (see also

P E T E R S E N

1989).

T herefore, w e sup pos e tha t several diploid chrom osome co unts (2n =

28) under the names "A.maculatum and "A .italicum refer to plants be-

longing to

A. alpinum,

being misidentified: H A G E R U P 1942, 1944:

"A . maculatum f rom Danmark; Wcis to 1970: A . maculatum f. im -

maculatum from Poland; and even D A H L G R E N & al . 1971 and N I L S S O N &

L A S S E N

1971:

both

A . italicum

from Mallorca. (Unfortunately, up to now

we did not succeed to examine the voucher specimens of these counts.)

A .

alpinum differs m ainly by its vertica l (discoid to depressed-globo se)

tuber shape from both A. maculatum and A. italicum which show hor-

izontal (cyl indrical , rhizome-l ike) tubers. The peduncle in

A . maculatum

usually is a l i t t le longer than half of the petiole, and in A. italicum it is

usually shorter than half of the petiole. The leaves in A. maculatum are

oblong-hastate to -sagi t tate , e i ther uniformly green or + marked with +

dark purple spots; in A. italicum they are larger, usually more distinctly

hastate , uniformely green or marked with bright spots and/or veins , but

sometimes (also addit ional ly) marked with dark purple spots. The spathe

in

A. maculatum

is elliptical or bro adly ovate-elliptica l , pale greenish,

sometimes marked inside with purple (blackish) spots, rarely totally suf-

fused with purple. In A. maculatum, the spa the's l imb is more th an th ree

times as long as the tube, in

A. italicum

usually it is even much longer and

wider; in both species, thus, the spathe's l imb is larger and longer than in

A .

alpinum. This differential character so far has not been observed con-

sistently and has also so far not been stressed sufficiently in any descrip-

tions of the species. (For a recent survey of the differential characters be-

tween A. maculatum and A. alpinum see also

F I S C H E R

1994.) The appendix

of the spadix in A. maculatum is pu rple or yellow an d its distinc tly en-

larged up per pa rt (" club") is at i ts base sl ight ly tape ring into a st ipe wh ich

is as long as the upper part or slightly longer, while in A. italicum t he up-

per part of the appendix is l ikewise as long or longer than the stipe, but

more clearly separated from the stipe and mostly yellow. Finally, both

species are polyploid: A. maculatum is a tetra plo id (2n = 56), A . italicum is

a hexaploid (2n = 84). For further differential characters of A.

maculatum

a nd A. italicum see B E D A L O V 1975a and 1977, and for the chromosome

counts given by different authors see P E T E R S E N 1989.

The other species often confused with A. alpinum, viz. A . Orientale,

A .

creticum Boiss. &

H E L D R . ,

and A. idaeum

C O N S T .

&

G A N D . ,

share the


4/11

106

discoid-globose tuber, the always uniformly green leaves and the diploid

chromosome number with

A. alpinum,

but they differ mainly in in-

florescence characters: In A. Orientale,the leaf blade is usually more

elongate than in

A. alpinum.

In

A. Orientale

subsp.

Orientale

the spathe's

limb is broadly ovate, pale greenish or + purplish, while in subsp.

longi-

spathum it is elongated oblong-lanceolate and also pale greenish or pur-

plish but along the border. In both subspecies the limb of the spathe is

always more than 3 times as long as the tube and thus different from

A . alpinum.InA. Orientalesubsp.Orientale,the spadix is about as long as

half of the spathe, sometimes a little shorter or a little longer (thus not

different from A. alpinum),while in subsp. longispathumit is always dis-

tinctly longer than half the spathe; the spadix appendix-club, in

A .

Orientale,is wider, cylindrical or slightly conical, dark violet to violet-

brownish (rarely yellowish) and clearly separated from its stipe; the ap-

pendix-club in subsp.Orientale is 1-2 (3) x , in subsp.

longispathum

4-6 x

as long as its stipe. The peduncle is - in subsp.Orientale- about half or less

than half the petiole, but in subsp.

longispathum (REICHENB.) ENGLER

it is

as long as the petiole (i. e., like inA. alpinum).

A .

creticum differs fromA. alpinummainly in shape and colour of the

inflorescence (according to

PRIME

1980 and

GREUTER

1984):

A. creticum

has

a pale green to whitish-yellow spathe which is less constricted, more in-

flated at base and more open than in

A. alpinum

and in the other species;

its limb is twice as long as its tube and usually patent. The appendix of the

spadix is yellow, fusiform, somewhat attenuate at the base and towards the

apex but never distinctly stipitate; the spadix in

A. creticum

is distinctly

exserted, the male zone is as long as the female zone or longer (10-20 mm),

and the upper sterile flowers are absent or rudimentary.

A . idaeum

differs (following the key and description by

GREUTER

1984)

from A. alpinum in the milky white spathe, the fusiform spadix slightly

attenuate to both ends but not distinctly stipitate, and the upper sterile

flowers being rudimentary or absent.

In the key to the species provided byBOYCE1993: 57-59 it is impossible

to key out typical specimens of

A. alpinum,

because leads 10 and 15

(leading toA. alpinum)state that the spathe-tube is not bicoloured on in-

ner surface but uniformly white or greenish white ; the description of

A . alpinum

(on

p .

87) as well as most of the living specimens observed by us

show, however, the basal part being pale greenish but the upper one

purple.

3 . Dis t r ibu t ion

TERP1973 stated that A.alpinumis distributed in the eastern part of

Central Europe up to Schleswig-Holstein and Danmark. In Danmark it

was reported as A. maculatumsubsp.danicum

P R I ME " ,

later on, by

TERP


5/11

107

1973, as "A.alpinum subsp. danicum ( P R I M E ) T E R P and, in Flora Europaea

( P R I M E 1980), as A . Orientale subsp. danicum ( P R I M E ) PRIME . B E D A L O V

1973b (and unpubl.) , resulting from her morphological , karyological and

phytogeographical invest igat ions on (former) Yugoslavian and Danish

plants also establ ished that the diploid

Arum

in Danmark belongs to

A . alpinum.

These findings have been confirmed also by

N I E L S E N

&

U G E L V I G

1986.

B E D A L O V

&GUTERMANN 1982 have shown the distribution of

A . alpinum

in E . A ustria wh ere it displays geograph ic vicariism w ith

A . maculatum

(present in cen tral an d

W.

and S. Austr ia) .

B E D A L O V

1973a, b,

1976,

1981 ,

B E D A L O V

&

B R O N I C

1994 recorded

A. alpinum

for several re-

gions of former Y ugoslavia (Vojvodina, Ba ranja, S erbia, K osovo, R. of M ake-

donija , Dinaric parts of Bosnia and Croat ia) and for N. Greece and Bul-

garia (W. Stara planina) . Besides, A.

alpinum

has been recognized in

S. I taly

( B E U R E T

1972, 1977,

B E D A L O V

1980, 1982, 1983, 1984,

B E D A L O V

&

al.

Fig. 1. Records ofA rum alpinum in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula: R. of

M akedonija, G reece an d Turkey. - O = records from liter atu re

(BEDALOV

1976, 1981 ;

GREUTER 1984); 0 = presen t investigations; O

=

herbarium specimens intermediate

between A. alpinum andA. Orientale.


6/11

108

1993a,b) andevenin the

W.

M edi terranean area: C ors ica ,S.France , S pa i n

( L V E

&

K JE L L Q U I S T

1973,

B E U R E T

1977,

B E D A L O V

1983). Recently,

G R E U T E R

1984 record sA. alpinum forC rete.

Our studies of different herbarium collections revealed a stil l larger

distr ibu tion rang e of

A. alpinum

in

the E. M edi terranean area:

it

also o ccurs

in continental Greece, and on the island Evvia (=E uboe a) . The B a l k a n

Peninsula par tof its range accordingto the present state ofknowledgeis

shownby Fig. 1. The other species and subspe cies men tioned above also

show characterist ic and dist inct distr ibution ranges

( B E D A L O V

1981):

A .

italicum

is distr ibuted from the Caucasus throughout the Mediterra-

nean regionup to the Atlant ic coastand to S.E n g la n d andgrows ma inly

within the eumediterranean vegetat ion zone

( B E D A L O V

1973b, 1975a, 1981).

A .

maculatum

has a

wide dis t r ibut ion

in

cent ral

and

W. Europe

( T E R P O

1973, B E D A L O V1 973b, 1976, 1977, 1981);

in

the B alkan P eninsula and

in

the

Medi terranean regionit is probably much rarer than givenin the l i terature

because it has been m ostly confused w ith A. alpinum. K U Z M A N O V1993

reports a chromosome count of 2n = 56 for

A rum alpinum )

un-

fortunately, up to now we could not t race nei ther the locality nor the

voucherofthis record.

A .

Orientale

subsp .

Orientale

hasbeen confirmed so far for R oum ani a ,

Bulgar ia ,S.S erbia, the R.ofM akedonija , and N E . G reece

( BEDALOV

1973a,

b,

1981, 1989,

B E D A L O V

&

D R E N K O V S K I

1994).

It

does, however,

not

reach

A us t r i aand isprob ably also absent from H ungary: Thedis t r ibut ion data

given

by

BOYCE 1993:

96:

"From A ustria (around V ienna)

and

P o l and

...

and onp .16:"from southern A ust r ia" and hism ap 6 (p. 95) are allwrong,

this mistake probably originat ing fromnotconsideringA.Orientalesubsp .

alpinum ( S C H . & K.) H. R I E D L in H E G I , Fl. Mittel-Eur., 2nd ed., II/1: 333

(1979)as a synonym of

A.

alpinum (see above), missing in

B O Y C E ' S

syno-

nym yon p. 87. This mistakeis evident alsoin

M I L L

1984: 47. (The alleged

presence

of

A.

Orientale

subsp .

Orientale

in

P o l and

is not

ment ioned

in

B O Y C E ' S

map 6.) -

A.

Orientale

subsp.

longispathum is

restr icted

- as to

present knowledge - to some Dinaric mountains: Lovcen, Orjen, Mosor ,

Biokovoand Velebit ( B E D A L O V 1973a,b, 1975c, 1981 , 1989, 1994).- (A sthe

third subspecies , BOYCE 1993includes subsp.

sintenisii,

a local endemic

restr icted toN E . C yprus .)

A .

creticum is known only from the islands of Crete and K a r p a t h o s

in Greece, for SW.A natolia and some Turkish Is lands ( B E D A L O V1981,

G R E U T E R

&al.1983 ,

G R E U T E R

1984,

M I L L

1984).-

A.

idaeum isendemicto

the higher mountains

of

C rete

( G R E U T E R

1984).

Resulting from these findings, A. alpinum, a species described from

the Transsylvanian Alps

by

S C H O T T

in

1851

and

hundred years la ter

con-

sidereda central-european species

( T E R P

1973) , turn sout tohavea m u c h

larger distr ibution, namely alsoin thewhole m edi ter ranea n area.


7/11

109

Recently, BOYCE 1993presented a map of the total distributionof

A . alpinum

which, however,as topresent knowledge, doesnotconsiderthe

large distributional gaps

in

Central Europe (most

of

France

and of Ger-

many,all ofSwitzerland, western partofAustria).

4. Herbar ium spec imens of

A alpinum

seen

The studyis basedon material from the following herbaria: Bota-

nicki zavod, Prirodoslovno-matematicki fakultet, Zagreb, Croatia(ZA);

Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, Athens, Greece (ATH);Bot-

any Instituteof theVienna University, Austria (WU); Botany Instituteof

the UniversityofGraz, Styria, Austria (GZU); Naturhistorisches Museum

Wien (W);Botanische Staatssammlung Munich, Bavaria, Germany(M);

Conservatoire Botanique, Geneve, Switzerland

(G);

Institut botanique,

Montpellier, France (MPU); Instituteof Botany, Charles University,Pra-

gue, Czechia (PRC).

Greece:

Crete: Omalos ( Amalos ), rochers ombrages, 24.5.1884, REVERCHON

278, subA creticovar.lanceolato [Boiss.&HELDR. ,nom. mid.,typeof

A . italicum

var.

lanceolatum

(Boiss. &

HELD R.) ENG L. ,

seeabove] (ZA, WU,

MPU, PRC).

-

Kissamos, 1884, REVERCHON,

sub

A cretico

var.

lanceolato

(WU). - Recently, GREUTER1984established somenewlocalitiesfor this

species

in

Crete (included

in the

map Fig.

1).

Peloponnisos: Mt. Killini (= Kyllene), 1870, HALCSY,subA vulgari

(WU).

A t t ik i (= Attica): Athens (Athina), subA orientalietA. maculatovar.

angustato E N G L .

(M).-Mt. Parnes[=Parnis], 1854,

ORPHANIDES

2679,sub

A . vulgari L A M .(G); 1858,HELDREICH3101, subA heldreichiiBoiss.

(G).

Viotia (=Boeotia):Mt Parnassos, 28.6.,s. a., Reliqu. ORPHAN.,cur.

Th. de

HELDR.,

subA maculato (WU); Mt Parnassos, 1854,

ORPHANIDES

2742,

sub

A orientali

et

A maculato

et

A vulgari (G).

-

Mt. Ossios,

Par-

nassos, 1854, ORPHANIDES2659,subA vulgarietA heldreichii (G).- Li-

vadhia, Parnassos, 1750-1900 msm, 1968,STAMAT IADOU3057, undet., (ATH).

Evvia (=Euboea):Mt. Dhirfis (= Dirphys), Stem, 700-750msm,

STAMATIADOU 8429, undet. (ATH).- Chalkis, B E C K , subA orientaliet

A .

maculatovar.angustato ENGLER(M).

5.The

Speci mens from Turkey (Around Is ta nb ul )

WhetherA alpinum is present around Istanbulas statedbyBOYCE

1993:90 ( ... to

NW Turkey,

map 5, p. 89 ) or

not,

in our

opinion, remains

doubtful

and

needs further careful investigation.

A

specimen

in

herb.

G,

collectedbyG.VAZNAVOUR( lieux sees, Hauteurs de Tchenguelkeuy ),no.

2033bis, 14.5.1896, from near Istanbul,sub nom. A.OrientaleM. B. v.

gratum E N G L . " ,

revisedby R. R.

M I L L

(S.d.) as A.

maculatum

and by


8/11

110

P.

BOYCE (1987) as A.alpinum (first record for Turkey)" seemsto be the

basisof

B O Y C E 'S

opinion. Considering several more specimens from around

Istanbul , col lected

by J.

N E M E T Z ("Flora Byzantina", from

the

"envi ron-

ments of Constant inople" , in he rb .WU and G Z U ) ,wewo uld l iketo u t t e r

some doubts whether these specimens represent

A.

alpinum

(Grid system

likeinP.H. D A V I S :FloraofT urkey) :

A 2(E)prov. Ista nbu l: " T hera pia" [= T arabiya] , foret , 17. IV.1897:det.

K .

H.

R E C H I N G E R

as

A.

italicum , det. R. R.

M IL L 1981

as

A.

maculatum

(WU, GZU); a third specimen from the same gathering, det. as

A .

byzantinum byR .R.

M I L L

1981 (WU), looks,in our opinion, verysi-

milar.

A 2 (E) prov. Istanbul: Belgrad forest [= B eigrat o rma ni] , B ahgeky,

14.

VI. 1896:

det. K. H.

R E C H I N G E R

as

"A .

italicum ,

det. R. R.

M I L L

1981

as

"A . byzantinum (WU).

A2 prov. K ocaeli : T uzla, 25. IV. 1897: det. K. H.

R E C H I N G E R

as

A.

italicum ,

det. R. R. M I L L 1981 as A.

byzantinum

and quoted in M I L L

1984: 46(wronglyas "1 5. IV. 1897") (WU).

A2 prov. K ocaeli : P endik, 23. IV. 1897: det. K. H.

R E C H I N G E R

as

"A .

italicum , det. R. R.MILL

1981

as A. cf.byzantinum (WU).

All these specimens,in our opinion, are likelyto be conspecific.Evi-

dently, they

do not

belong

to A.italicum , a

species present

in the

envi ron-

ments

of

I s t anbul

as

well.

The

discoid rhizome (though scanty,

i. e. not

preservedin allspecimens) disagrees with A .byzantinum. (The descript ion

of A. byzantinum given by BOYCE 1993: 67 closely follows MILL 1984: 46

who includes the N E M E T Z specimens cited above into his descript ion )

Rather probably, as to our knowledge for the t ime beingand due to the

scanty material , these N E M E T Z specimens from near Istanbul belong

to

A . Orientale (subsp. Orientale) ra t he r t han to A. alpinum: The peduncle

(scape)is very short , halfof thepetiole or shorter;the leave bladeis often

more elongate than

in

typical

A.

alpinum;

the

limb

of the

spathe

is 3-4

t imes as longas its tube ,and the clubof the spadix appendix iswelldis-

t inct .

- It

m u s t

be

noted tha t M I L L 1984 does

not

ment ion A.

alpinum at all

and t ha t he does not record A. Orientale from the Istanbul region.(The

quest ion , whether there are 2

[ RECHI N G ER

1938:69] or 3

[ M I L L

1984] or 5

[ B O Y C E 1993] species

ofA rum

growing around Istanbul seems

to be so far

s t il l unansw ered and unanswerable . )

The descr ipt ions of these species given by BOYCE 1993:87-94 repo rt

also some size differences:

of

tuber , pet iole , leaf blade, spathe-tube

and

especial ly spathe length (A.alpinum: up to 14 cm; A.Orientale:more tha n

14,5 cm ) ,

A.Orientale

general ly ha ving

the

higher values than A.

alpinum.

O ur N E M E T Z mater ia l in these respects, however, shows relativelylow va-

lues, thus being more closeto

A.

alpinum t h a nto A.Orientale (subsp. Ori-

entale).

The

shape

of the

staminate f lower zone,

on the

other hand

how-


9/11

I l l

ever,

is

short ,

2-4mm

long , "quadrate" , thus , according

to

BOYCE'S

de-

script ions, f i t t ing much bet ter

to

A. orientate t han

to

A. alpinum.

(We

cannot

and we

m us t

not

restra in from rem arkin g

the

incongruence

or

contradict ion be tween

the

descript ion

ofA.

alpinum

and the

relevant

fig-

ures

in

BOYCE

1993: 88: "stam inate f lowers

in a

cylindric zone

5-6

mm long,

3-4 mmw i d e " ;

the

figures,

in

contrast , show

a

quadra t e

or

even shorter

zone,

4-5 mmlongand 6-7 mmwide ) .

In fairness,

we

emphasize that

we

found

one

correct statem ent

in

BOYCE

1993:

92

whi ch we fully agree with: The s ta tus

of

many eas tern

Europe an popul a t i ons

of A.

Orientale

has yet to be

finalized.

...

m u c h

remains

to be

done ." This

is

t rue l ikewise

for the

Is tanb ul area

at the

border be tween EuropeandA sia.Ourobservat ionson the specimens from

the Istanbul region confirm

our

opinion

on the

ra th er close affinity

of

A .

Orientale

andA .

alpinum.

We wond er, therefore, ifna tura l re la t ionsare

taxonomical ly presented best

by

pu t t i ng

A.

alpinum into

a

subsect ion

of its

ow n

(BOYCE

1993: 55, 85, 90). T he desc riptionof

A.

subsect . Dischroochiton

does

not

include A.

Orientale

subsp.

sintenisii;

the

only substant ia lsub-

sectional differential character remaining

inhis

subsect ional descript ions

isthe presence (subsect. Dischroochiton) orlack

of

scent (subsect. Alpina)

ofthe inflorescence, respectively. That 's why

it is

notable thatA.

alpinum

near Vienna (Austr ia)

is

never scentless

but

shows remarkable foet id odour

(diagnost ic character

of

"subsect .

Dischroochiton ),

smelling exactly

"moderate ly

of

ho rse-d un g" ( like statedby

BOYCE

forA . orientale)l

6 . A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t

The f i rst author

is

thankful

to all

herba r ia ment ioned

for

s tudy

fa-

cilities,the second authorto H.

TEPPNER

for useful advice.

7.

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