as 1670.1-1995 fire detection, warning, control and intercom sys design, inst & commission

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AS 1670.1—1995(Incorporating Amendment Nos 1, 2, 3 and 4)

Australian Standard™

Fire detection, warning control andintercom systems—System design,installation and commissioning

Part 1: Fire

AS 1670.1

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This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee FP-002, Automatic FireDetection and Alarm Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council ofStandards Australia on 13 March 1995 and published on 5 June 1995.

The following interests are represented on Committee FP-002:Asset Services—Department of Administrative ServicesAustralian Building Codes BoardAustralian Chamber of Commerce and IndustryAustralian Chamber of ManufacturesAustralian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers AssociationAustralian Fire Authorities CouncilAustralian Fire Protection AssociationCommonwealth Fire BoardCSIRO—Division of Building, Construction and EngineeringFederal Bureau of Consumer AffairsFire Protection Industry Association of AustraliaInsurance Council of AustraliaNew Zealand Fire Equipment AssociationN.S.W. Fire BrigadesStandards New ZealandTelecom Australia

Keeping Standards up-to-dateStandards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology andsystems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, andnew editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselvesthey are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments whichmay have been published since the Standard was purchased.Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the StandardsAustralia web site at www.standards.com.au and looking up the relevant Standardin the on-line catalogue.Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January eachyear, and the monthly magazine, The Australian Standard, has a full listing ofrevisions and amendments published each month.We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especiallyencourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies orambiguities. Contact us via email at [email protected], or write to the ChiefExecutive, Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney,NSW 2001.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 94182.

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AS 1670.1—1995(Incorporating Amendment Nos 1, 2, 3 and 4)

Australian Standard™

Fire detection, warning control andintercom systems—System design,installation and commissioning

Part 1: Fire

Originated as part of AS CA15—1961.Previous edition AS 1670—1986.Fourth edition 1995.Reissued incorporating Amendment Nos 1, 2, 3 and 4 (November 2001).

COPYRIGHT© Standards Australia InternationalAll rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of thepublisher.Published by Standards Australia International LtdGPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, AustraliaISBN 0 7262 9754 2

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AS 1670.1—1995 2

PREFACEThis Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New ZealandCommittee FP/2 on Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Systems, to supersede AS 1670—1986.Its preparation is concurrent with the issue of AS 1603 in a number of parts to cover therequirements for specific items of equipment used in an automatic fire detection and alarmsystem and installed in accordance with this Standard.

This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (June 1997), Amendment No. 2 (June 1998),Amendment No. 3 (May 2001) and Amendment No. 4 (November 2001). The changesrequired by the Amendments are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendmentnumber against the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.

This Standard is the result of a consensus among the members of the Joint Committee toproduce it as an Australian Standard.

Maintenance requirements for fire detection and alarm equipment are included inAS 1851.8, Maintenance of fire protection equipment, Part 8: Fire detection and alarmsystems.

In this edition, sections have been arranged to provide users of the Standard with a logicalsequence as they work through the design, installation and commissioning of a fire alarmsystem.

This Standard has been considerably expanded to include many practices that are in currentuse and embrace additional scenarios where the previous edition was silent.

Appendix B ‘Guidance for the selection of detectors’ assists personnel engaged in thedesign, installation and commissioning of fire protection and suppression systems.

The commissioning section encompasses Appendices F and G which are report forms toindicate the installation content and its compliance with this Standard.

The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define theapplication of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral partof a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.

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AS 1670.1—19953

CONTENTS

Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL1.1 SCOPE .............................................................................................................. 51.2 APPLICATION.................................................................................................. 51.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .......................................................................... 51.4 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................... 51.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER STANDARDS ................................................... 71.6 INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIED LIMITING VALUES ................................ 7

SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS2.1 COMPONENTS ................................................................................................. 82.2 SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS............................................................................ 8

SECTION 3 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS3.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 103.2 ADDRESSABLE SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 103.3 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS .............................................................................. 113.4 INTERMIXING OF ACTUATING DEVICES................................................... 14

SECTION 4 LOCATION OF DETECTORS4.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 164.2 SPECIFIC LOCATIONS .................................................................................. 164.3 LOCATIONS WHERE PROTECTION IS NOT REQUIRED ............................. 19

SECTION 5 HEAT DETECTION SYSTEMS5.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 215.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS................................................ 215.3 LINE-TYPE SYSTEMS—TUBULAR OR CABLE............................................ 23

SECTION 6 SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS6.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 276.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS................................................ 276.3 MULTIPOINT ASPIRATED SMOKE DETECTORS ........................................ 30

SECTION 7 FLAME DETECTION SYSTEMS7.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 377.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS................................................ 377.3 FIXING OF DETECTORS................................................................................ 377.4 DETECTOR LENSES ...................................................................................... 377.5 PROTECTION FROM WEATHER................................................................... 37

SECTION 8 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS8.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 388.2 POWER SOURCE............................................................................................ 388.3 CONNECTION OF EXISTING INSTALLATIONS........................................... 408.4 FIRE INDICATOR PANEL .............................................................................. 408.5 SUBINDICATOR PANEL................................................................................ 428.6 ALARM VERIFICATION FACILITY .............................................................. 428.7 WARNING SYSTEMS..................................................................................... 42

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AS 1670.1—1995 4

Page

8.8 MANUAL CALL POINTS ............................................................................... 438.9 REMOTE INDICATORS FOR FIRE DETECTORS .......................................... 438.10 SMOKE AND FIRE DOOR RELEASE CONTROL .......................................... 448.11 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM ....................................................................... 448.12 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SUPERVISION .............................................. 458.13 CONTROL OF ANCILLARY DEVICES .......................................................... 458.14 VALVE MONITORING DEVICES .................................................................. 458.15 FLOW/PRESSURE SWITCHES ....................................................................... 458.16 FIP INDICATORS ........................................................................................... 458.17 WIRING .......................................................................................................... 468.18 MONITORING SERVICE ................................................................................ 478.19 WIRE FREE ALARM ZONE CIRCUITS.......................................................... 48

SECTION 9 COMMISSIONING9.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 499.2 COMMISSIONING OF INSTALLATION ........................................................ 499.3 STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE.................................................................... 519.4 CIE DOCUMENTATION................................................................................. 51

APPENDICESA LIST OF REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS ............................... 53B GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS.................................... 55C WIRING SYSTEMS RATING .......................................................................... 65D EXAMPLES OF POWER SOURCE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS ................. 67E FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS ............................................................................... 70F COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT ................................................................. 72G STANDARD FORM OF STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE FOR

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS ................................................................................ 76

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AS 1670.1—1995

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5

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian StandardFire detection, warning control and intercom systems—System

design, installation and commissioning

Part 1: Fire

S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L

1.1 SCOPE

This Standard sets out requirements for the design, installation, and commissioning ofautomatic fire detection and alarm systems comprising components complying with therequirements of the appropriate product Standards.

1.2 APPLICATION

All installations of automatic fire detection and alarm systems shall comply with thegeneral requirements of Section 2 and specific requirements of Section 3, Section 4 andSection 8 with the additional requirements of Section 5, Section 6, or Section 7 according tothe actuating device type, and the commissioning requirements of Section 9. Manual callpoints installed in conjunction with an automatic fire detection and alarm system or as aseparate system shall comply with the general installation requirements of this Standard.

Where an automatic fire detection and alarm system is ancillary to an automatic fire-extinguishing installation, the detection system shall comply with the appropriaterequirements of this Standard.

1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

A list of the documents referred to in this Standard is given in Appendix A.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 2484.2 and those below apply.

1.4.1 Addressable system

Fire detection and alarm system that can identify the location of individual actuatingdevices on an alarm zone circuit (AZC).

1.4.2 Alarm investigation facility (AIF)

That part of the control and indicating equipment (CIE) which delays the transmission of afire alarm to provide time for manual acknowledgment and investigation.

1.4.3 Alarm signalling equipment (ASE)

Equipment designed to communicate alarm and fault signals and other information betweena fire alarm system and a monitoring service.

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AS 1670.1—1995

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1.4.4 Alarm verification facility (AVF)

That function of the CIE that verifies an alarm signal so that a spurious signal does notinitiate an alarm signal to the monitoring service or ACF functions and alarm warningsystems.

1.4.5 Approved and approval

Approved by, or the approval of, the regulatory authority.

1.4.6 Collective indication

Indication that is common to a group of actuating devices within a single alarm zonewithout identification of the individual device.

1.4.7 Corridor

A narrow enclosed thoroughfare, other than a lift lobby, not exceeding 3.5 m in width, andnot used for trade or storage purposes.

1.4.8 Cupboard

An enclosure with a door or doors, which is an integral part of the building.

1.4.9 Distributed system

A fire detection and alarm system where sections of the CIE are remotely located from thefire indicator panel or where subindicator panel(s) communicate with a main fire indicatorpanel.

1.4.10 Extra-low voltage (ELV)

That voltage defined in AS 3000.

1.4.11 Level surface

Any surface, roof, or ceiling which has a slope of less than 1 in 20.

1.4.12 Low voltage (LV)

That voltage defined in AS 3000.

1.4.13 Monitoring service

A remote controlling station which receives fire alarm signals and transfers the signals to afirefighting service via a permanently connected telecommunications link.

1.4.14 Occupied area

An area which is readily accessible for occupation, transit or service.

1.4.15 Power supply

That portion of the CIE which supplies voltages necessary for operation of the CIE.

1.4.16 Protected area

An area of a building equipped with an automatic fire detection and alarm system installedin accordance with this Standard or an approved automatic fire suppression system.

1.4.17 Protected building

A building equipped throughout with an automatic fire detection and alarm system installedin accordance with this Standard or an approved automatic fire suppression system.

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AS 1670.1—1995


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1.4.18 Remote controlled equipment (RCE)

Remotely located parts of CIE that provide the connection of alarm zone circuits and otherstatus monitoring circuits, or the connection of ancillary control and warning devices or anycombination thereof without required visual and audible indications and user controlfacilities. Such facilities are provided at the FIP or SIP.

1.4.19 Sole occupancy unit

As defined in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) for a Class 2 and 3 building, andClass 4 part of a building.

1.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER STANDARDS

The fire detection and alarm system shall comply with the appropriate electrical safetyrequirements specified in AS 3000 and the individual parts of the installation shall complywith the appropriate Australian Standards listed in Appendix A.

1.6 INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIED LIMITING VALUES

For the purpose of assessing compliance with this Standard, the specified values hereinshall be interpreted in accordance with the ‘rounding method’ described in AS 2706, i.e. theobserved or calculated value shall be rounded to the same number of figures as in thespecified limiting value and then compared with the specified limiting value. For example,for specified limiting values of 2.5, 2.50, and 2.500, the observed or calculated value wouldbe rounded respectively to the nearest 0.1, 0.01, 0.001.

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AS 1670.1—1995


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S E C T I O N 2 G E N E R A L R E Q U I R E M E N T S

2.1 COMPONENTS

The individual equipment items shall be selected in order to achieve stable and reliableperformance. The selection of detectors, and their location, shall be such as to minimizefalse operation. The components in the system shall be used in accordance with themanufacturer’s specifications and shall be shown to be compatible in the configuration asdesigned. Individual alarm indicators shall be latching, except where the detector isrequired to be non-latching, e.g. supply air detection associated with smoke management,and shall be provided by one of the following means:

(a) Fire detectors selected to suit the particular hazard and risk to life or property, orboth. Detectors shall comply with the relevant product Standards.NOTES: 1 The type of detectors recommended for use in various locations is described in

Appendix B.2 For wire-free alarm zone circuits, installers need to be aware of the possibility of the

existence of neighbouring wire-free systems and select appropriate components tominimize the risk of interaction between systems. It is recommended that signalpropagation and in-band noise and signals are measured at the proposed receiverlocation(s) before installation to ensure that the system will be able to be operatedwithin the manufacturer’s specified limits.

(b) Individual alarm indicators provided by one of the following means:

(i) Integral with the detector, except where specific installation requirementspreclude their use, such as hazardous areas.

(ii) Remote from the detector, except where specific installation requirementspreclude their use, such as hazardous locations, in accordance with Clause 8.9.

(iii) As unique alarm indication at the CIE, except where specific installationrequirements preclude their use, such as hazardous areas.

Where the detector is not required to latch in an alarm state (for example, supply airdetectors associated with a smoke management system), the indicator may be non-latching.

(c) Control and indicating equipment complying with AS 1603.4 or AS 4428.1.

(d) A fire warning system as specified in Clause 8.7.

(e) A manual call point complying with AS 1603.5.

2.2 SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS

The fire detection and alarm system shall be independent of any building monitoring andcontrol systems (BMCS), and the control and indicating equipment shall be containedwithin its own enclosure(s). Interfacing is permitted to provide data to the buildingmonitoring system or to initiate automatic testing of the fire detection and alarm system(see Figure 2.1 for typical arrangement). Alarm and fault signals shall be displayedindependently of the BMCS.

Controls, indicators and equipment which form part of an associated fire protection system,such as monitoring and control of—

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AS 1670.1—1995


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(a) fire detectors;

(b) fire extinguishing systems;

(c) air handling plant; or

(d) fire warning systems as required by Clause 8.7

may be housed within the CIE enclosure provided all such controls, indicators andequipment are segregated from other AS 1603 equipment.

NOTE: Metal enclosures, earthed screen cabling or 50 mm separation distance is taken to beadequate segregation. Associated equipment installed in the same enclosure must not interferewith the serviceability of and access to the field wiring. Any heat generated by associatedequipment must not cause any of the equipment within the enclosure to operate outside themanufacturer’s specifications.

Where the fire detection and alarm system is used to control a smoke hazard managementsystem or a fire suppression system, additional consideration shall be given to cableintegrity and reliability in excess of the requirements of Clause 8.17, in accordance with theoperational requirements of the system under control.

FIGURE 2.1 EXAMPLE OF INTERFACE WITH BMCS

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AS 1670.1—1995


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S E C T I O N 3 A L A R M Z O N E L I M I T A T I O N S

3.1 GENERAL

An alarm zone shall be limited to a maximum 2000 m2 of contiguous floor area and shall beconfined to one storey.

Protected areas to which there is no access from inside the building shall have separatealarm zone facilities from those having internal access.

The maximum number of actuating devices in an alarm zone shall be as approved for thatfacility and in any case shall not exceed 40.

Detectors protecting concealed spaces not exceeding 500 m2 may be connected to the alarmzone circuit on the same storey provided that the total protected area and the number ofdetectors required do not exceed the alarm zone limits specified above. Remote visualindicators shall comply with the requirements of Clause 8.9.

A mezzanine level may be connected to the alarm zone facility associated with the storeyfrom which access to the mezzanine is gained, provided that the total protected area and thenumber of actuating devices required do not exceed the alarm zone limits specified above.

Point type detectors shall be arranged and indicate as alarm zones. Individual detectorsshall not be displayed as separate alarm zones unless representing the only detector within acompartment.

3.2 ADDRESSABLE SYSTEMS

Alarm zone circuits with more than one alarm zone shall comply with the following:

(a) A single open circuit shall register as a fault.

(b) A single open circuit shall not prevent an alarm transmission from more than onealarm zone.

(c) Any condition including short or open circuit which prevents the transmission of analarm shall register as a fault on all alarm zones affected.

(d) Any wire-to-wire short circuit shall disable not more than 250 devices on the alarmzone circuit and in any case not more than one building.

(e) Any wire-to-wire short circuit may register no more than a single alarm.

(f) Unless the wiring of the alarm zone circuit is installed in two separate cable paths,and each is protected against mechanical damage, WSX2 in accordance withAS 3013, the alarm zone circuit shall not serve more than 10 storeys or more than a20 000 m2 floor area in one building.

NOTE: Separation of cable paths should be that which is sufficient to protect the separate cablesfrom the anticipated mechanical damage in a likely single incident.

Addressable systems shall contain not more than 1000 devices on each alarm zone circuitand such alarm zone circuit shall be limited to those buildings located on one site, underone ownership.

Where addressable devices other than detectors are used on an addressable alarm zonecircuit, such as ancillary control devices, each such device shall count as one device.

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AS 1670.1—1995


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Where addressable systems are used to control other essential services such as a smokehazard management system or a fire suppression system, the integrity and reliability of theaddressable system shall be subject to the requirements of the relevant Standard.

3.3 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

3.3.1 Classifications

Distributed systems are classified as follows:

Class 1 non-data transfer based system with subindicator panels.

Class 2 data transfer based system with subindicator panels.

Class 3 data transfer based system with remote control equipment (RCE).

3.3.2 General

Subindicator panels (SIPs) shall only be connected directly to the fire indicator panels(FIPs) and not via any other SIP or remote part of the CIE unless the failure of such anintermediate unit does not prevent the transmission of an alarm to the FIP. Such a failureshall also indicate as a signal path fault (see Table 1).

Where a separate signal from an SIP is not provided to indicate a common isolated,common AZC fault, and power supply failure, these signals shall also indicate as a signalpath fault at the FIP (see Table 1).

TABLE 1

FAULT TOLERANCE AND INDICATION REQUIREMENTSFOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

Fault Single open circuit Single short circuit

Class 1 2 3 1 2 3

FIP signalNot more than10 alarm zonesand not morethan 250devices

Fault Fault notapplicable

Alarm orfault Fault not

applicable

FIP signalMore than 10alarm zones or250 devices

Fault Fault Fault Fault Fault Fault

SIP signalMore than 10alarm zones or250 devices

Fault Fault Fault Fault Fault Fault

Alarm lossNot more than10 alarm zonesor 250 devices

10 alarmzones

maximum

10 alarmzones

maximum

1 alarmzone

maximum

10 alarmzones or

250devices

maximum

10 alarmzones or

250devices

maximum

10 alarmzones or 250

devicesmaximum

Alarm lossMore than 10alarm zones or250 devices

None None None None None None

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3.3.3 Class 1 systemsThe following applies to the signal path or signal paths between the FIP and the SIP:(a) A single open circuit shall indicate as a signal path fault at the FIP.(b) A single open circuit shall indicate as a signal path fault at SIPs with more than

10 alarm zones or 250 devices.(c) A short circuit shall indicate as either a signal path fault or an SIP alarm at the FIP

for SIPs with no more than 10 alarm zones or 250 devices.(d) SIPs with more than 10 alarm zones or 250 devices shall be interconnected using two

separate cable paths. These cable paths shall be individually and suitably protectedagainst mechanical damage in accordance with AS 3013, the category being specifiedin Appendix C.


(e) A single short circuit on any of the cable paths from SIPs with more than 10 alarmzones or 250 devices shall not prevent the transmission of alarm, and shall indicate asa signal path fault at the FIP and the SIP.

(f) Only one SIP shall be connected to each set of signal paths. Multiple SIPs mountedadjacent to each other shall be considered as one SIP for the purpose of thisrequirement.

The connection between the FIP and the SIP may be as shown in Figure 3.1(a) and (b).

FIGURE 3.1 CLASS 1 SYSTEMS

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3.3.4 Class 2 systems

The following applies to the signal path or signal paths between the FIP and the SIP:

(a) Any signal path fault shall indicate as a signal path fault at the FIP.

(b) SIPs on a common path totalling more than 10 alarm zones or 250 devices shall beinterconnected using two separate cable paths. These cable paths shall be individuallyand suitably protected against mechanical damage in accordance with AS 3013, thecategory being specified in Appendix C.


(c) A fault on any of the signal paths from SIPs with more than 10 alarm zones or250 devices shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm and shall also indicate as asignal path fault at the SIP.

(d) Only one SIP shall be connected to a single signal path. Multiple SIPs mounteddirectly adjacent to each other with a combined total not exceeding 10 alarm zones or250 devices shall be considered as one SIP.

The connection between the FIP and the SIP may be as shown in Figure 3.2(a) and (b).

3.3.5 Class 3 systems

The following applies to the signal path or signal paths between the FIP and RCE:

(a) Any signal path fault, or remotely supplied power supply fault, shall indicate as asignal path or power supply fault respectively, at the FIP.

(b) RCEs on a common path totalling more than 10 alarm zones or 250 devices shall beinterconnected using two separate cable paths. These cable paths shall be individuallyand suitably protected against mechanical damage in accordance with AS 3013, thecategory being specified in Appendix C.


(c) A single open circuit on any of the signal paths or remotely supplied power supplylines for RCEs, shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm from more than onealarm zone.

(d) A single short circuit on any of the signal paths, or remotely supplied power supplylines for RCEs, shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm from more than10 alarm zones or 250 devices.

The connection between the FIP and the RCE may be as shown in Figure 3.3(a), (b) and (c).

3.3.6 Signal path fault indication

Where required by Clauses 3.3.3, 3.3.4 and 3.3.5, a fault in the FIP to SIP signal path shallbe indicated by a dedicated yellow/amber LED suitably labelled, or by the common faultLED, provided the nature of the fault can be determined by other means, such as from analphanumeric display. The fault shall also indicate audibly as per AS 1603.4. Facilities tosilence or isolate the fault sounder shall be provided. A fault in the signal path shallindicate within 60 s of such a fault occurring.

3.3.7 Signal path protection

Where the signal path is not duplicated or is not routed via separate fire-rated paths, thesignalling cables shall have a rating of not less than WS5XW in accordance with AS 3013.

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Mechanical protection where required shall comply with Appendix C. Where installedunderground the signal path shall also comply with the requirements for category B systemsunderground wiring (see AS 3000).Where two separate paths are used and a single short circuit does not affect the alarm signalfrom any zone or device, mechanical protection shall only be required where cables may besubject to impact from equipment, vehicles or ladders, in the course of normal buildingoperation and maintenance. Hence cabling in false ceiling, roof spaces and the like will notrequire mechanical protection to WSX2.

3.4 INTERMIXING OF ACTUATING DEVICESIntermixing of the various devices on one alarm zone circuit is permitted, provided that thedevices are suitably rated for the system voltages and are compatible.


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S E C T I O N 4 L O C A T I O N O F D E T E C T O R S

4.1 GENERAL

Detectors shall be located throughout all areas. Smoke detectors shall be installed in allsleeping areas and egress paths serving sleeping areas, where no fixed cooking facilities areinstalled. The following considerations shall apply in determining the location of detectorsto be installed:

(a) Where an area is divided into sections by walls, partitions, or storage racks, reachingwithin 300 mm of the ceiling (or the soffits of the joists where there is no ceiling),each section shall be treated as a room, and shall be protected.

(b) A clear space of at least 300 mm radius, to a depth of 600 mm, shall be maintainedfrom the detector or sampling point.

(c) Detectors shall be mounted such that their indicators are visible from the path ofnormal entry to the area they protect.

NOTE: Additional protection may be required where any special structural features or conditionsexist (see Appendix B).

4.2 SPECIFIC LOCATIONS

4.2.1 Accessible service tunnels

Accessible service tunnels, not fire-isolated, which provide communication betweenbuildings or sections thereof shall be protected (see Clause 4.2.8).

4.2.2 Air-handling systems

Detectors mounted in each air-handling system shall be connected to a separate alarm zonefacility (AZF) on the CIE.

Each smoke detector installed in a duct shall be fitted to an air-sampling device. Detectorsinstalled in air-handling systems shall be provided with permanent indelible labels, statingfire alarm zone circuit designation and detector number, affixed adjacent to the detectors.All self-indicating devices on smoke detectors located in air-handling systems shall beclearly visible. Where this condition cannot be met, remote indicating devices are required,and they shall be labelled appropriately.

Detectors shall be provided in the following locations within air-handling systems:

(a) Return-air system Buildings with a return air-handling system serving more than oneroom shall have at least one smoke detector to sample air from each return airopening for each storey in the building.NOTE: Where return air smoke detectors are installed to comply with AS 1668.1 and theymeet the requirements of this Standard, then those detectors may be used to satisfy thisrequirement.

(b) Supply-air ducts Air-handling plant supplying air to more than one storey within thebuilding shall have a smoke detector installed as close as practicable to the plant todetect smoke downstream of the supply air fan.NOTE: Where supply-air smoke detectors are installed to comply with AS 1668.1 they maybe considered to satisfy this requirement. It is recommended that where AS 1668.1 does notapply, the operation of any detector associated with the air-handling systems within thebuilding should shut-down the air-handling equipment to prevent the spread of smokethroughout the building.

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(c) Exhaust ducts Ducts that are used for exhausting cooking fumes, flammablevapours, lint material and the like shall have at least one detector at the furthestpracticable downstream point of the duct.NOTE: Detectors for this application should be carefully selected to suit the environment sothat spurious alarms are minimized. A fully sealed heat detector would normally be used.

4.2.3 Concealed spaces

4.2.3.1 General

Protection shall be provided in all concealed spaces, except those areas specified inClause 4.3. Access for maintenance of detectors in concealed spaces shall be provided.Where personnel entry to the concealed space is required the access dimensions shall be notless than 450 mm × 350 mm.

4.2.3.2 Electrical equipment

Where a concealed space contains electrical lighting or power equipment that is fully withinthe concealed space, and is connected to an electrical supply in excess of extra low voltage,a detector shall be mounted on the ceiling of the concealed space within 1.5 m measuredhorizontally from the equipment (see Clause 4.3(b)). An exception to this is when lightfittings are not rated above 100 W and power equipment with moving parts is not ratedabove 100 W and stationary power equipment is not rated above 500 W.

For the purpose of this Standard, electrical wiring installed in accordance with AS 3000,and any enclosures of light fittings not deemed combustible which protrude into a falseceiling, are not regarded as electrical equipment.

NOTE: The detector used in the protection of the equipment in concealed spaces does notnecessarily constitute protection of the concealed space.

4.2.3.3 Remote indicators

Detectors installed in concealed spaces shall have remote indicators located in a positionclearly visible from the occupied area and close to or clearly indicating the location of thedetector. Remote indicators are not required where the concealed space is readily accessibleand—

(a) has a height exceeding 2 m;

(b) is beneath removable flooring (such as computer flooring); or

(c) the detector’s location is indicated at the CIE.

Where detectors are mounted under removable flooring such as computer rooms, a labelshall be affixed to the ceiling or ceiling grid immediately above the detector indicating thelocation of the detector below.

4.2.4 Cupboards

Any walk-in type cupboard with a floor area exceeding 2 m2, or used for the storage offlammable materials shall be internally protected.

Cupboards containing electrical or electronic equipment having voltages greater than extra-low voltage shall be protected internally if in excess of 1 m3.

NOTE: For electrical cubicles not requiring protection, see Clause 4.3.

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4.2.5 External walls

Where the external walls of protected buildings are clad with combustible material theyshall be protected. The spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with the corridor spacingspecified in Clause 5.2.1. Detectors shall be located under the eaves or at the roof level.

NOTE: Heat detectors mounted under the eaves would normally be used for the protection ofexternal walls. Where eaves are not available to mount the detectors, line-type detectors should beused at the top of the wall.

4.2.6 Intermediate horizontal surfaces

Protection shall be provided under intermediate horizontal surfaces such as ducts, loadingplatforms, and storage racks in excess of 3.5 m in width and whose undersurface is inexcess of 800 mm above the floor.

Where the distance from the underside of the intermediate surface to the ceiling is less than800 mm, the underside of the intermediate surface may be considered as the ceiling.

If the side of the duct or structure is in excess of 800 mm from the wall or other ducts orstructures, detectors shall be provided at the highest accessible point on the ceiling.

Where a concealed space is formed above or below the intermediate surface, such as ductsabove false ceilings in corridors, Clause 4.3 applies.

4.2.7 Monitor, sawtooth, or gable ceilings or roofs

Where a structure has a monitor ceiling or roof, a sawtooth ceiling or roof, or a gableceiling or roof, a row of detectors shall be installed between 0.5 m and 1.5 m from the apexmeasured horizontally (see spacing requirements and typical detector locations inSections 5, 6, and 7).

4.2.8 Near doors

Where a door is permitted to be held open, and separates a protected area from anunprotected area, a detector shall be placed inside the protected area not more than 1.5 mfrom the door, see Clause 8.10.

NOTE: Additional detectors may be required for the control of automatic door closures.

4.2.9 Open grid (or egg crate) ceilings

Detectors may be omitted from the underside of open grid portions of the ceiling whichhave not less than two-thirds of the ceiling area open to the free flow of air and havedetectors installed on the ceiling above the open grid.

Where any solid portion of the ceiling has a dimension in excess of 2 m and has an area inexcess of 5 m2, normal protection shall be provided on the underside of the solid portion ofthe open grid ceiling.

Where flame detectors are used they shall be installed both above and below the open gridceiling. The space above the open grid ceiling shall be protected, if required by thisStandard.

4.2.10 Restricted access

Where detectors are installed in areas to which fire brigade access is restricted, each areashall be a separate alarm zone, or have a suitably labelled remote indicator installed outsidethe entry to the area.

NOTE: Examples of restricted access may include, vaults, strongrooms, lift motor rooms, liftshafts, locked cool rooms, freezers and high voltage switch rooms.

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4.2.11 Sole occupancy units

Sole occupancy units consisting of one main room and water closet/shower/bathroom, witha bounding FRL minimum of 60/60/60 may be protected by one detector located in the mainroom provided that the total area of the whole unit is less than 46 m2. The watercloset/shower/bathroom and the ceiling space containing a fan coil unit need not beprotected.

Detector(s) installed in each sole occupancy unit room shall be connected to a separatealarm zone facility. Common alarm zone facilities may be used, provided that a clearlylabelled separate remote indicator is provided in the common access area outside each soleoccupancy unit.

NOTE: The location of the detector should take into account airflows and airstream.

4.2.12 Stairways

Non-fire isolated stairways shall be protected at each floor level within the stairway.

4.2.13 Vertical shafts and openings

Vertical risers, lift shafts, and similar openings between storeys, which exceed 0.1 m2 inarea, shall be protected within the riser at the top and as follows:

(a) Where vertical shafts penetrate any storey and are not fire-isolated, a detector shall belocated on the ceiling of each storey not more than 1.5 m horizontally distant fromwhere the vertical shaft penetrates the storey above.

(b) Any ceiling which contains openings exceeding 9 m2 and permitting free travel of firebetween storeys shall have detectors located within 1.5 m of the edge of the opening,and spaced not more than 7.2 m apart around the perimeter of the opening. Suchdetectors may be regarded as part of the general protection for the area below theopening. If the opening is less than 0.5 m from a wall no detectors are requiredbetween the wall and the opening.

4.2.14 Walkways

Enclosed covered walkways, irrespective of the type of construction, shall have a detectorin the covered way within 1.5 m of the adjoining protected area, except where the totalcovered way is, itself, protected in accordance with this Standard. A covered walkway shallbe considered as enclosed if 90% of wall area above the height of the doorway into theprotected building is enclosed within 3 m of the building.

4.3 LOCATIONS WHERE PROTECTION IS NOT REQUIRED

Notwithstanding the foregoing requirements, detectors are not required in the followinglocations:

(a) Air locks Air locks, opening on both sides into protected areas, provided that they donot contain electrical equipment, are not used for the storage of goods or for access tocupboards and are not used as washrooms.

(b) Concealed spaces Concealed spaces as follows (see Clause 4.2.3):

(i) Concealed spaces other than between intermediate floors, which are less than800 mm high, do not contain electrical lighting and power equipment and arenot used for storage.

(ii) Concealed spaces between intermediate floors having a fire-resistance level ofnot less than 120/60/30 and the ceiling below, which are less than 800 mm highand which do not contain electrical lighting and power equipment.

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(iii) Concealed spaces to which there is no access and which are fire-isolated with aminimum fire-resistance level 60/30/15.

(iv) Concealed spaces to which there is no access and which are less than 350 mmhigh, irrespective of construction.

(v) Concealed spaces which are less than 2.8 m3, do not contain electrical lightingand power and are not used for storage.

(c) Covered ways Verandas, balconies, colonnades, open-sided covered walkways(except as required by Clause 4.2.14), overhanging roof areas, and the likeconstructed of non-combustible material and not used for the storage of goods or as acar park.

(d) Cupboards containing water heaters If a cupboard, opening off a protected area issolely for the use of a water heater and does not exceed 2 m3 in volume, protection isnot required.

(e) Exhaust ducts In ducts exhausting from toilets, or rooms containing single ironingand laundry facilities.

(f) Fire suppression system Any area protected by an approved automatic firesuppression system (applies to heat detectors only).

(g) Sanitary spaces Any water closet or shower-recess or bathroom, with a floor area ofless than 3.5 m2 and opening off a protected area.

(h) Skylights Skylights as follows:

(i) With an opening on the ceiling of less than 0.5 m2 and not used for ventilation.

(ii) Installed in areas not requiring detection (such as sanitary spaces).

(iii) That have less than 4.0 m2 area, have a recess height of not more than 800 mmand are not used for ventilation.

(iv) With an opening on the ceiling of less than 0.15 m2.

(i) Switchboards Any non-recessed or freestanding switchboard or switchboard cubicleprotected by the normal protection of the area in which it is contained.

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S E C T I O N 5 H E A T D E T E C T I O N S Y S T E M S

5.1 GENERAL

Each detector shall be installed so that no part of the sensing element is less than 15 mm ormore than 100 mm below the ceiling or roof. Where roof purlins inhibit the free flow ofheat to the detector, the detector may be installed on the purlin provided that the sensingelement is not further than 350 mm from the roof. (See Section 3 for the maximum numberof detectors per alarm zone facility and alarm zone limitations.)

The maximum spacing and location of detectors shall comply with the requirements ofClause 5.2 (see Figures 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 for detector locations).

Detectors shall be installed in the highest point of the ceiling (see Figure 5.2); however,where the ceiling is constructed with beams or joists or a step less than 300 mm deep, thedetector may be installed on the underside of the beam or joist.

Heat detectors, beneath roofs and ceilings subject to solar radiation, shall be installed withthe sensing element between 180 mm and 350 mm vertically below the roof or ceiling.

NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix B.

5.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS5.2.1 Spacing between detectors for level surfacesFor level surfaces, excluding corridors, detectors shall be arranged so that the distance fromany point on the ceiling of the protected area to the nearest detector does not exceed 5.1 m(see Figure 5.1(a)). In addition, the distance between any detector and the nearest detectorto it shall not exceed 7.2 m.For corridors, the distance between detectors shall not be more than 10.2 m(see Figure 5.1(b)).

5.2.2 Spacing between detector for sloping surfacesThe spacing between heat detectors for sloping surfaces in the longitudinal direction fromthe heat detectors near the apex shall not exceed 7.2 m. The lower rows of heat detectorsshall be spaced not greater than 7.2 m measured horizontally from adjacent rows, theoutside wall or partition. The spacing between heat detectors in a longitudinal direction mayextend to 14.4 m in the lower rows, where the slope of the ceiling is ≥ 1 in 10 (seeFigure 5.2).

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES

FIGURE 5.1 (in part) TYPICAL DETECTOR SPACING—LEVEL SURFACES

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FIGURE 5.1 (in part) TYPICAL HEAT DETECTOR SPACING—LEVEL SURFACES

5.2.3 Spacing in concealed spaces requiring protection

Concealed spaces for which protection is required under Clause 4.2.3 shall be protected inaccordance with Clauses 5.2.1 to 5.2.5, subject to the following exceptions:

(a) Concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in excess of 2 m high shall have detectorsspaced in accordance with Clauses 5.2.1 and 5.2.4.

(b) For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces less than 2 m high and havingdownward projections, such as beams and ducts not exceeding 300 mm from theupper surface of the space, the spacing between detectors shall not exceed 10 m, andthe distance between any wall or partition to the nearest detector shall not exceed5 m.

Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the spacing of detectors shall be inaccordance with Clauses 5.2.1 and 5.2.5.

(c) For concealed spaces with apices, the spacing between detectors in the longitudinaldirection at the apex shall not exceed 7.2 m. In a sloping surface, the lowest row ofdetectors shall be located not more than 7.2 m measured horizontally towards theapex from a position where the vertical height, between the upper and lower surfacesof the space, is 800 mm. The spacing between detectors in a longitudinal directionmay be extended to 14.4 m in the lower rows. The distances between intermediaterows parallel to the apex shall not exceed 7.2 m. The longitudinal spaces between thedetectors on the lower rows shall be arranged so that the detectors are spaced equallybetween the detectors on the adjacent rows. (See Figure 5.2.)

5.2.4 Spacing from walls, partitions, or air supply openingsThe distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or partition shall not exceed3.6 m, or be less than 300 mm (see Figure 5.1(a)). For corridors, the distance between theend wall and the nearest detector shall not exceed 5 m (see Figure 5.1(b)).Detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to any air supply opening.

5.2.5 Reduced spacingFor all types of heat detector, closer spacing may be required to take account of specialstructural characteristics of the protected area. In particular, the following requirementsshall be observed:(a) Where the ceiling of the protected area is segmented by beams, joists, or ducts, and

the vertical depth of such members is greater than 300 mm, spacing between detectorsshall be reduced by 30% in the direction perpendicular to the direction ofsegmentation.

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5.3 LINE-TYPE SYSTEMS—TUBULAR OR CABLE

Installations of line-type detectors shall comply with the appropriate requirements ofClauses 5.2.1 to 5.2.5, and with the following requirements:

(a) The maximum length for each line detection circuit shall be in accordance with thearea limitation specified in Section 3.

The line detection circuit activating devices associated with the tube or cable shall notexceed the area specified in Clause 3.1 for each alarm zone facility.

(b) The bore of the tubing shall be not less than 1.5 mm, and the thickness of the wallshall be not less than 0.3 mm.

(c) All line detection circuits shall be installed so that they are not subject to mechanicaldamage.

The heat-sensing portion of the line-type detection circuit shall not be installed inmore than one alarm zone unless adequate precautions are taken to prevent incorrectalarm zone identification.

(d) Line detection circuits shall be disposed throughout the protected area so that there isnot more than 7.2 m between any two adjacent lines and within 3.6 m of any wall orpartition. In the roof bays, there shall be a line detection circuit for each apex, eventhough these apices may be less than 7.2 m apart (see Appendix B, Paragraph B2).

Where the line-type detector is made up of a number of individual single elements, eachelement should be considered as a point-type detector for spacing purposes.

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NOTES:

1 Alternate rows offset.

2 Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height, applies to concealed spaces only.

3 Apex detectors should comply with Clause 4.2.7 and Figure 5.3.


FIGURE 5.2 TYPICAL HEAT DETECTOR LOCATIONS FOR SLOPING SURFACES

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NOTE: Detector always on side with least slope.


FIGURE 5.3 (in part) TYPICAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE AND LINE-TYPE DETECTORS

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NOTE: Infra-red scans of a building have shown heat pockets at spaces of roof structures due to solar radiation.Therefore, to obtain effective fire detection, the detectors should be located below these pockets.


FIGURE 5.3 (in part) TYPICAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE AND LINE-TYPE DETECTORS

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S E C T I O N 6 S M O K E D E T E C T I O N S Y S T E M S

6.1 GENERALThe location of detectors shall be to the best advantage for detecting a fire. Where theceiling or roof height is more than 20 m from the floor, the detector location shall be basedon engineering considerations of the fire plume within the building environment.

6.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS6.2.1 GeneralThe opening to the sensing element for ceiling-mounted point-type detectors shall be notless than 25 mm and normally not more than 600 mm below the ceiling or roof. Where thedetector mounting height is over 4 m and less than 20 m from the floor, see Figure 6.5 forminimum distance below the ceiling line.For the purpose of this Standard, CO point type fire detectors, complying with therequirements of AS 1603.2, shall be installed in accordance with the requirements for pointtype smoke detectors (see also Appendix B).

NOTE: See Appendix B for guidance for the selection of smoke detectors.

Beam type smoke detectors shall be mounted not less than 300 mm and not more than600 mm below the ceiling or roof. Additional beam type detectors may be installed invertical shafts, e.g. atria, at lower levels.

NOTE: Where high temperatures are experienced close to ceilings and roofs, such as unlinedroofs, it may be necessary to extend the location of the detector down below the ceiling to obtainthe earliest response. The lower limit of the mounting position of the detector may be changed tosuit the individual application as determined by smoke tests. Care should be taken to ensure thatbeam receiver units are not exposed to strong light, especially direct sunlight.Other Standards or Codes may mandate the use of specific types of smoke detectors for specificapplication. Direct substitution of another type may not be permitted.

The maximum spacing and location of detectors shall comply with the requirements ofClauses 6.2.2 to 6.2.7 and Figures 6.4 to 6.6.


6.2.2 Spacing between detectors for level surfacesFor level surfaces, detectors shall be arranged so that the distance from any point on thelevel surface of the protected area to the nearest detector does not exceed 7.2 m, (seeFigures 6.1(a) and (b)). In addition, the distance between any detector and the nearestdetector to it shall not exceed 10.2 m.For beam type detectors, the distance shall not exceed 14.0 m.Aspirated systems shall be so arranged that sampling points have the same spacings asrequired for point-type detectors.

6.2.3 Spacing between detectors for sloping surfacesThe spacing between smoke detectors for sloping surfaces in the longitudinal direction fromthe smoke detectors near the apex shall not exceed 10.2 m. The lower rows of smokedetectors shall be spaced not more than 10.2 m measured horizontally from adjacent rows,from the outside wall or partition. The spacing between the smoke detector in a longitudinaldirection may extend to 20.4 m in the lower rows where the slope of the ceiling is ≥ 1 in 10(see Figure 6.2).

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6.2.4 Spacing in concealed spaces requiring protection

Concealed spaces for which protection is required under Clause 4.2.3 shall be protected inaccordance with Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5, subject to the following:

(a) Concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in excess of 2 m high shall have detectorsspaced in accordance with Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.

(b) For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces less than 2 m high and havingdownward projections, such as beams and ducts not exceeding 300 mm from theupper surface of the space, the spacing between detectors shall not exceed 15 m, andthe distance between any wall or partition to the nearest detector shall not exceed10.2 m.

Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the spacing of detectors shall be inaccordance with Clause 6.2.7.

(c) For concealed spaces with apices, the spacing between detectors in the longitudinaldirection at the apex shall not exceed 10.2 m. In a sloping roof, the lower row ofdetectors shall be located at a maximum of 10.2 m measured horizontally towards theapex from a position where the vertical height between the upper and lower surfacesof the space, is 800 mm. The spacing between detectors in a longitudinal directionmay be extended to 20.4 m in the lower rows. The longitudinal spaces betweendetectors on the lower rows shall be arranged so that the detectors are spaced equallybetween the detectors on the adjacent rows. (See Figure 6.2.)

6.2.5 Spacing from walls, partitions, or air supply openings

The distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or partition shall not exceed5.1 m or be less than 300 mm (see Figure 6.1(a)). For corridors, the distance between theend wall and the nearest detector shall not exceed 5.1 m (see Figure 6.1(b)).

Detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to any air-supply opening.

Where ceiling fans are installed smoke detectors shall not be installed within 400 mm of theblades of the fan.

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FIGURE 6.1 TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR SPACING—FOR LEVEL SURFACES

6.2.6 Areas of high airflows

For computer rooms or similar applications where the number of air changes exceeds 15 perhour, the spacing between detectors shall be not more than 7.2 m or more than 3.6 m fromwalls and partitions.

NOTE: Special engineering consideration is required for areas where air velocities are 3 m/s.

6.2.7 Spacing where additional protection is required

Where roofs or level surfaces are compartmented by structural features which could havethe effect of restricting the free flow of smoke, the detectors shall be located so that earlydetection is ensured, subject (for point-type detectors) to the following (see Figure 6.6):

(a) For areas with ceiling height not exceeding 4 m and deep beam depth not exceeding300 mm (see Area 1, Figure 6.6), the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance withClauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.

(b) For areas with ceiling height not exceeding 2 m and deep beam depth exceeding300 mm (see Area 2, Figure 6.6), the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance withClauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.

(c) For areas with ceiling height greater than 2 m and not exceeding 4 m, deep beamdepth exceeding 300 mm (see Area 3, Figure 6.6), and the interbeam area less than4 m2, detectors shall be mounted on the underside of the beams and spaced inaccordance with Clause 6.2.6.

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(d) For areas such as Item (c) above, where the interbeam area is equal to or greater than4 m2, at least one detector shall be placed in each interbeam area, and the spacingshall be in accordance with Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.

(e) For areas with ceiling heights equal to or greater than 4 m and deep beam depthexceeding 100 mm (see Area 4, Figure 6.6), detectors shall be mounted on theunderside of the beams and spaced in accordance with Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.NOTE: Where airflow reduces the response of the detector located in these areas, thedetectors should be relocated in a more favourable position. Notwithstanding, the spacingrequirements of Clause 6.2.7 should not be exceeded.

6.3 MULTIPOINT ASPIRATED SMOKE DETECTORS

6.3.1 General

A point-type detector with an associated single point sampling device similar to that usedfor sampling air from a duct is not covered by this Section.

Not applicable.

Failure of either the airflow through the sensing head or the electronic functions of thesystem which could cause the total alarm zone to be unprotected, shall be indicated bothaudibly and visually at the CIE.

6.3.2 System design

The design (size and airflow) of air-sampling pipes shall ensure that the system has asensitivity equal to or greater than normal sensitivity point-type smoke detectors coveringthe same area.

The air-sampling network design shall be such that the amount of airflow drawn from thepenultimate sampling point is at least 50% of that drawn from the sampling point nearestthe detector.

NOTE: Manufacturer’s design calculations showing the sampling network design according to theabove criteria, may be provided as a means of indicating compliance.

The sensitivity required in this Clause shall be the static sensitivity as determined by thedesign tool specified in AS 1603.8.

The system shall respond within 90 s from smoke entering the least favourable samplingpoint.

The system shall comply with the following:

(a) The system shall be designed to ensure dust particles of 30 microns or more do notadversely affect system performance.NOTE: Certain environmental conditions or applications may warrant this value to beadjusted.

(b) The installation and alignment of any part of the system shall be such that it can beeasily maintained and the sampling point orientation does not jeopardize the longterm reliability and performance of the system.

(c) The power supply for an aspirated smoke detector system (including air pumps,sensing heads, indicators and similar) shall comply with the relevant parts ofAS 1603.4.

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(d) Each sampling point shall have an orifice sized to facilitate the correct operation ofthe system in accordance with the system design data.

The spacing of sampling points shall not exceed the spacing requirements of singlepoint-type smoke detectors given in Clauses 6.2.2 to 6.2.7.

Each single compartment or room in excess of 46 m2 shall have a minimum of twosampling points.

(e) Sampling points shall not be painted or coated with any substance that will reduce thesize of the opening. Sampling points shall be deburred internally.

(f) The location of the sampling point shall be marked in a contrasting colour.

(g) Where non-metallic conduit is used for sampling systems and capillary tubes, it shallcomply with the following:

(i) Where subject to damage, it shall be of a type which has a mechanical strengthequivalent to heavy-duty PVC conduit complying with AS 2053.

(ii) Where not subject to damage, it shall be of a type which has a mechanicalstrength equivalent to light-duty PVC conduit complying with AS 2053.

(iii) It shall be installed in accordance with AS 3000.

(iv) The joints shall be airtight and permanently bonded.

(h) All sampling pipes shall be coloured red, or have visible red markers at least 2 mmwide, longitudinally along the pipe length. The sampling pipes shall be marked with aword or words at intervals not exceeding 1 m, which describes the purpose such as‘FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM—DO NOT PAINT’, in letters not less than 5 mm inheight.

(j) Capillary tubes used to branch from the main sampling pipe shall be fixed at bothends so that the joints have a withdrawal force of not less than 100 N.

Capillary tubes shall not restrict the airflow by changes of direction or reduction incross-sectional area. Non-metallic capillary tubes shall comply with AS 1159.

(k) Where the system piping is concealed, the air-sampling points attached to thecapillary tubes shall be clearly identifiable by a labelled plate of not less than1900 mm2, with the words ‘FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM—DO NOT PAINT’, in lettersnot less than 3 mm high.

(l) Sampling points for room protection shall be not more than 300 mm or less than25 mm from the ceiling.

NOTE: The lower limit of the mounting position of the sampling point may be changed to suitindividual applications as determined by smoke tests.

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NOTES:

1 Alternate rows offset.

2 Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height applies to concealed spaces only.

3 Apex detectors should comply with Clause 4.2.7 together with Figure 6.4.


FIGURE 6.2 TYPICAL POINT-TYPE AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS SMOKEDETECTOR LOCATIONS FOR SLOPING SURFACES

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NOTE: Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height applies to concealed spaces only.


FIGURE 6.3 TYPICAL BEAM TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR LOCATIONS FOR SLOPINGSURFACES

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NOTE: Detector always on side with least slope.


FIGURE 6.4 (in part) TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR (POINT-TYPE, BEAM TYPE ANDSAMPLING SYSTEMS) LOCATIONS AT APEX OF CEILING, ROOF OR SURFACE

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NOTES:

1 X = 10 200 for point and sampling tube type detectors

X = 14 000 for beam type detectors

Y = distance in accordance with Figure 6.5.

2 Infra-red scans of a building have shown heat pockets at apices of roof structures due to solar radiation.Therefore, to obtain effective fire detection, the detectors should be located below these pockets.


FIGURE 6.4 (in part) TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR (POINT-TYPE, BEAM TYPE ANDSAMPLING SYSTEMS) LOCATIONS AT APEX OF CEILING, ROOF OR SURFACE

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NOTE: Fire aerosols are transported by means of warm air from the fire source and their vertical progress isimpeded when the temperature of the smoke equals that of the surrounding air; therefore, for high ceilings a largerfire source is necessary to transport the smoke to the detector. For this reason, it is necessary for smoke detectors tobe installed below the warm air pockets at roof levels as indicated by the graph.

FIGURE 6.5 SMOKE DETECTOR LOCATIONS

FIGURE 6.6 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE DETECTORS ANDSAMPLING SYSTEMS IN STRUCTURES WITH DEEP BEAMS

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S E C T I O N 7 F L A M E D E T E C T I O N S Y S T E M S

7.1 GENERAL

The operating principles of flame detectors (infra-red or ultraviolet) need to be understoodto enable the correct selection and location of a particular device to suit the risk and thelevel of protection required. Particular attention shall be given to the manufacturer’sinstallation instructions for the type of detector selected.


7.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS

Flame detectors shall be located so that their field of view is not blocked by structuralmembers of buildings or other objects, and so that they can be easily reached formaintenance, particularly the cleaning of lenses. Flame detectors shall not be located nearbright lights nor behind glass or other transparent panels which prevent the transmission ofradiation from flames.

Detectors shall be spaced to ensure that the risk areas are protected with a minimum ofshadowing or blind spots. Where significant unprotected areas exist because of the presenceof objects such as aircraft or equipment high-pile storage racks, additional detectors tocover these areas shall be installed (see Paragraph B5.4 and Figures B1 to B3 ofAppendix B).

7.3 FIXING OF DETECTORS

Detectors shall be rigidly fixed to a stable support so that vibration or shocks shall notcause spurious alarm signals or misalignment of the detector leading to loss of protection.

7.4 DETECTOR LENSES

Lenses of flame detectors through which flame radiation is received shall be appropriatelydesigned for the coverage required. Where detectors are placed in environments likely tolead to the depositing of particles on the lens, appropriate baffles or purging equipmentshall be fitted to ensure that the detector’s sensitivity is retained between service periods.

7.5 PROTECTION FROM WEATHER

Detectors mounted out of doors shall be housed in weatherproof enclosures of corrosion-resistant material. They shall be fixed and supported so that they are not liable to movementbecause of wind or other causes.

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S E C T I O N 8 I N S T A L L A T I O NR E Q U I R E M E N T S

8.1 GENERAL

All equipment installed shall comply with the relevant standards of design and constructionreferred to in Clause 1.5. Equipment shall be installed in locations that will not prejudice itsperformance and reliability. Equipment shall be selected which is suited to the environmentin which it is to be located. If environmental conditions such as high temperature,dampness, corrosion, vibration, shock, flammable atmosphere or explosive atmospheres canbe experienced, the equipment shall be of a type complying with the appropriate AustralianStandard.

Equipment shall be installed so that the correct performance is maintained. Where thesensitivity of the fire detection system can be varied by the control and indicatingequipment, the range of variation shall be limited to that specified by the appropriateAustralian Standard.

Access for servicing all equipment shall be provided, and detectors shall be located inaccordance with the spacing requirements of Sections 5, 6, and 7.

NOTE: Where special installation arrangements are required, the equipment manufacturer’srecommendations should be followed.

8.2 POWER SOURCE

8.2.1 Power source (primary)

The CIE shall be energized by a reliable source of supply and shall be connected inaccordance with AS 3000. The power source shall be either—

(a) an a.c. supply from an electricity authority; or

(b) a source equal in quality and reliability to Clause 8.2.1(a).

The primary power source shall be capable of operating the system in the event of failure ofthe secondary power source.

NOTE: In AS 1603.4 the equipment is assessed for reliable performance with nominated primarysupply voltage +6% to −10%. The nominated supply voltage is normally 240 V 50 Hz a.c. andwhere equipment is connected to other primary supply voltages, care must be taken to ensure theequipment is compatible with the primary supply voltage.

8.2.2 Power source (secondary)

The system shall be provided with a secondary power source, which is capable of operatingthe system should the primary power source fail.

The secondary power source shall consist of rechargeable stationary batteries of the typewhich are compatible with the CIE. Applicable Standards are AS 2191, AS 4029 orAS 1603.4 (sealed lead acid).

NOTE: Automotive-type batteries are not normally suitable for stationary battery use.

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8.2.3 Power source rating

The sum of the worst case of the following loads shall not exceed the power supply ratingof the CIE—

(a) the total load of the CIE with five actuating devices in alarm state in each of twoalarm zones or the quiescent load of the CIE, whichever is greater;NOTE: The total load of the CIE includes all equipment powered by the CIE power source,e.g. warning system, ancillary controls and similar.

(b) two fire suppression systems in an activated state, or 20% of such connected systems,whichever is the greater, where they are powered from the CIE; or

(c) the maximum battery charger current required to recharge the battery within 24 hfrom fully discharged condition, to a capacity capable of maintaining the system for5 h in normal working condition (quiescent) and 30 min in alarm condition.

8.2.4 Battery capacity

The capacity of the battery shall be such that in the event of failure of the primary powersource the batteries shall be capable of maintaining the system in normal working(quiescent) condition for at least 24 h, after which sufficient capacity shall remain tooperate two worst case AZFs and associated ACFs for 30 min.

When calculating battery capacity, allowance shall be made for the expected loss ofcapacity over the useful life of the battery. A new battery shall be at least 125% of thecalculated capacity requirements, based on a loss of 20% of its capacity over the useful lifeof the battery.

NOTE: Where the fire control station will not receive the system’s total power supply failuresignal, the battery should have sufficient capacity to maintain the system for 96 h.

8.2.5 Batteries and enclosure

The battery enclosure shall be readily accessible for inspection. For non-sealed batteries,the battery enclosure shall not be above the enclosure for the fire indicator panel. Theconnecting leads to the battery shall be clearly labelled to reduce the possibility of reverseconnections to the battery. The battery shall not be tapped for intermediate voltages and allconnections shall be made using suitable connectors. Overload protection shall be providedon auxiliary loads connected to the battery supply.

8.2.6 Power source calculations

All devices, facilities or equipment external or internal which utilize the fire system powersource in either quiescent or alarm state shall be considered in the calculations of both thebattery and charger capacities.

Battery capacity shall be derived using—

Battery capacity required at end of life (in Ah) = (IQ × TQ) + (IA × 0.5)

where

IQ = total quiescent current

TQ = hours standby requirement

IA = total current in alarm state

0.5 = hours in alarm

Battery capacity required for new battery ≥[(IQ × TQ) + (IA × 0.5)] × 1.25NOTE: For typical battery capacity calculations see Appendix D.

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8.2.7 Precaution against failure

Where the various component parts of the control and indicating equipment are installed inseparate locations, they shall be connected so that the wiring is supervised in accordancewith relevant requirements of AS 1603.4.

8.2.8 Ancillary loads

In addition to those specified in this Standard, other ancillary loads may be connected to theCIE power supply provided they are current limited, and the total current drawn by suchancillary loads do not exceed 2A.

Ancillary control devices or isolation relays external to the CIE shall be installed within aprotective enclosure and shall be marked or labelled with the words ‘FIRE ALARMSYSTEM’.

NOTE: Normally energized ancillary loads, such as door holders, may be disconnected in theevent of failure of the primary power source.

8.3 CONNECTION OF EXISTING INSTALLATIONS

Where the work is an extension of an existing installation, the combined installation shallbe thoroughly tested to ensure that all parts of the installation and equipment are compatibleand that it will satisfactorily perform the required function. The new part of the installationshall comply with the installation requirements of this Standard.

Where work involves the replacement of CIE, the wiring to the primary supply shallconform to the latest edition of AS 3000 and the wiring to the fire control stationconnection shall conform to this Standard.

Where existing actuating device wiring is required to be joined at the CIE, fixed terminalstrips utilizing clamp-type connectors shall be used. Where these joins are made outside theCIE, they shall be housed in a suitable enclosure and labelled ‘FIRE ALARM’ in acontrasting colour with lettering size of not less than 25 mm.

NOTE: Care should be exercised to ensure that only compatible detectors are connected asextensions to existing systems.

8.4 FIRE INDICATOR PANEL

8.4.1 General

The fire indicator panel shall be clearly visible and readily accessible within the mainentrance area or the fire control room.

8.4.2 Covering door

Where the fire indicator panel is obscured by a door, then that door shall be marked in acontrasting colour to the general colour scheme with the words ‘FIRE INDICATOR PANEL’in letters not less than 50 mm high. No other lettering shall be on the door. The door shallnot be lockable.

8.4.3 Remote location

Where the fire indicator panel is mounted in a remotely located control point acceptable tothe regulatory authority, a mimic panel or repeater panel shall be installed in a positionclearly visible within the main entrance area. The mimic panel or repeater panel shallidentify the location of the fire indicator panel.

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8.4.4 Clearance

A minimum clearance shall be maintained from the enclosure as shown in Figure 8.1 toprovide access to the fire indicator panel.

All indicators and controls shall be not less than 750 mm or more than 1850 mm from thefloor.

To prevent water entry, equipment enclosures shall be at least 50 mm above the floor.

8.4.5 Detector location description

Where, because of the size of the building and the location of the detectors, it is notpossible to adequately describe all alarm zone locations concisely on the fire indicatorpanel, the location of the alarm zones associated with each indicator may be described on adurable material which is permanently fixed adjacent to the fire indicator panel, providedthat the indicator is readily identifiable with the relevant alarm zone.

In the case of alarm zone facilities associated with an air-handling system, the area fromwhich the air is being returned or supplied shall be described.

8.4.6 Documentation storage

The fire indicator panel enclosure shall have an adequate space to contain the systemlogbook; the ‘as-installed’ single line drawings (see Clause 9.4) and operator’s manual,unless separate storage is provided within the fire control room. Areas within the fireindicator panel enclosure which contain cable terminations and equipment or equipmentonly, are not suitable locations.

8.4.7 CO labelling

Where CO detectors are installed, a clearly visible label shall be provided on orimmediately adjacent to the FIP/SIP. Lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in acontrasting colour.

The label shall contain the following:

(a) Note CO fire detectors installed.

(b) In case of alarm, check area thoroughly. If no fire is apparent check adjacent areas.

(c) Special maintenance requirements may apply. Test and Service detectors in strictaccordance with the manufacturer’s specification.


FIGURE 8.1 MINIMUM ENCLOSURE CLEARANCE

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8.5 SUBINDICATOR PANEL

A subindicator panel (SIP) may be installed in an area of a building requiring specialprotection, such as a computer room, or a remote building on a site.

Subindicator panels shall only protect areas on one level of a building unless that SIP servesthe whole of the building. If the subindicator panel serves the complete building then itshall be installed in accordance with the requirements for a main FIP. If the subindicatorpanel serves a specific area it shall be located at the main point of entry into that areacovered by the connected AZCs.

The subindicator panel shall be connected to the main FIP, in compliance with Clause 3.3as a separate AZF and be monitored for alarm, fault, isolate and power supply failure.

A subindicator panel classified as Class 1 (see Clause 3.3) shall not be connected to anothersubindicator panel, unless one of the SIPs serves the complete building.

8.6 ALARM VERIFICATION FACILITY

Alarm zone facilities used for the following shall not be subject to alarm verification:

(a) Manual call points.

(b) Subindicator panels.

(c) Detectors used to activate fire suppression systems.

(d) Detectors installed in hazardous areas.

(e) Fire suppression systems.

(f) Beam detectors where a beam-interrupt fault overrides the alarm state.

(g) AZFs containing fixed temperature detectors only.

(h) Detectors that have integral alarm confirmation delays such as some multipointaspirated smoke detector systems.

NOTE: Since the provision of alarm verification delays transmission of a signal to the monitoringservice, it is desirable that it only be provided where other efforts to eliminate unwanted alarmsignals have been unsuccessful.

8.7 WARNING SYSTEMS

A fire warning system shall be provided to alert building occupants to a fire alarm situation.

The warning system shall be one of the following:

(a) An emergency warning system in accordance with AS 2220, initiated by the firedetection system. The fire alarm system shall monitor the emergency warning systemfor fault signals required by AS 2220.

(b) Electronic sounders or speakers capable of producing evacuation tones (with orwithout verbal message) as specified in AS 2220. At any location within the signalreception area, the A-weighted sound pressure level of the audible signals, measuredwith the time weighted ‘F’ (fast), shall exceed by a minimum of 10 dB the noisiestbackground sound pressure level averaged over a period of 60 s. This level shall notbe less than 65 dB and not more than 105 dB. These values are to be determined inaccordance with AS 2659.1. The signal path to electronic sounders or speakers shallbe supervised for open and short circuit conditions.

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For audible signals intended to arouse sleeping occupants, the sound pressure levelsignals shall not be less than 75 dB when measured at the sleeping position with anyintervening doors closed.

(c) Where the warning system is required to alert persons who are hearing impaired or inareas having high ambient noise levels, the audible warning system shall bereinforced by a system of visual alarm units or other devices, to provide sensorystimulation adequate to the needs of the persons at risk.

NOTE: Research has indicated that bells or tones by themselves do not provide sufficientstimulus for occupants to react and verbal messages should also be provided.

The system shall also be arranged to operate one bell located on the outside of the building.This bell shall comply with the requirements of AS 1603.6, be audible and visible at themain approach to the building, and shall be as near as practicable to the building entrancethrough which fire brigade access is made to read the fire indicator panel, mimic panel, orrepeater panel information.

The bell shall be mounted in the orientation in which it was tested and approved. The word‘FIRE’, marked on the bell, shall be upright and clearly legible when the bell is installed.

A visible and audible indicator shall be provided to indicate short circuit or open circuitfaults. Such indication shall occur within 60 s. The visual indicator shall be yellow. Theaural CIE fault indicator shall be audible in a normally occupied area.

8.8 MANUAL CALL POINTS

A manual call point shall be installed in a clearly visible and readily accessible locationinside the main entrance area of the building. It may be located on the FIP within this area.

Manual call points may be connected to the alarm zone circuit protecting the area wherethey are installed provided that the alarm zone circuit supervision is maintained and theoperation of the manual call point does not extinguish a previously lit detector indicator onthat circuit. Where MCPs activate a smoke hazard management or fire suppression system,they shall be configured to operate the smoke hazard management or fire suppressionsystem applicable to the area in which they are installed.

NOTE: Where a manual call point (MCP) is connected to the same alarm zone circuit as actuatingdevices which control smoke management or fire suppression systems, it should be ensured thatthe activation of the MCP does not degrade the performance of any other system.

Each manual call point shall have its alarm zone number indelibly marked on the unit sothat it is clearly visible.

Where MCPs are subject to outdoor weathering, they shall comply with the weathering testof AS 1603.5.

8.9 REMOTE INDICATORS FOR FIRE DETECTORS

The remote indicator shall provide a red light, and shall comply with the requirements ofAS 2362.25.

The remote indicator shall be fitted to a plate indelibly labelled with the wording ‘FIREALARM’ and the location. The lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in acontrasting colour.

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The location is to be unambiguous and the following descriptions shall be included:

‘IN ROOF’ Accessible area between ceiling and roof.

‘IN CONCEALED SPACE’ Area between the ceiling and the floor above or aninaccessible roof space.

‘IN CUPBOARD’ Small enclosure housing equipment or stores.

‘IN ROOM’ Large area used for working or habitable purposes.

‘RETURN AIR’

‘SUPPLY AIR’

The location of the remote indicator shall be in an area accessible at all times.

Remote indicators for rooms, cupboards or similar shall be installed on the wall above thedoor giving access to the detector(s).

Remote indicators for roof or concealed spaces are to be installed on the underside of theceiling as close as practicable to the detector.

In the event of an alarm from a single actuating device, the associated remote indicatorshall remain ‘ON’ until manually reset.

An open or short circuit fault in the indicator circuit shall not prevent the transmission of analarm.

8.10 SMOKE AND FIRE DOOR RELEASE CONTROL

Smoke and fire doors held open by door ‘hold-open’ devices shall close upon receipt of analarm from fire protection systems protecting either side of the door.

Where the access path on both sides is not protected by smoke detectors in accordance withthis Standard, smoke detector(s) shall be installed in line with the centre of the dooropening no less than 300 mm and no more 1.5 m from the wall section above the door.

Where the wall section above the door exceeds 300 mm in height, then smoke detectorsshall be provided on each side of the door.

Detectors installed to control doors shall be connected to a separate AZF for each door set.Where the building has a system installed in accordance with this Standard then the smokedetectors may be connected to the AZC for the associated area.

Non-locking manual release switches shall be provided for door hold-open devices andshall be visible and accessible with the door(s) in the open position. The release switchshall be labelled ‘DOOR RELEASE’ unless it is integral with the hold-open device. Thelettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in contrasting colour.

Where more than one door panel is fitted to one opening, then one switch shall release alldoor panels.

8.11 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

Where the protected building includes a fire indicator panel complying with AS 1603.4 anda fire suppression system installed in accordance with AS 2118, the actuating device fromthe suppression system shall be connected as a separate alarm zone to the FIP. Unless directfire control station connection is provided from the suppression system, alarm zone circuitwiring shall comply with AS 3013 designation WS51W, with the mechanical ratingupgraded dependent on the hazard (see Appendix C).

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Where the fire suppression system is not directly connected to the fire control station, aseparate AZF shall be provided at the FIP for each suppression system.

NOTE: Particular attention should be paid to the location of the FIP to minimize the delay to theBrigade when it is responding to a fire alarm. On large sites the FIP should be placed close to thesite entrance or within a building adjacent to the entrance.

A clear indelible route map showing the path from the FIP to the control valves shall bepermanently affixed adjacent to the FIP.

Within a building, signs indicating the route to the control valves shall be placed on doorsand tunnel walls leading to the valves. A direction arrow shall be included whereappropriate.

NOTE: The signs should read ‘SPRINKLER CONTROL VALVES’ in lettering no less than50 mm high in a contrasting colour to the surrounding decor. Where lettering colour is notimportant to the aesthetics of the building, red letters on a white background are preferred.

8.12 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SUPERVISION

Each ancillary control device circuit used to actuate a fire suppression system shall besupervised for open or short circuit to cause the CIE to initiate an audible and visible faultindication.

8.13 CONTROL OF ANCILLARY DEVICES

Circuits controlling ancillary devices shall be either electrically isolated or current-limitedto prevent a fault on the external wiring from ancillary control facilities inhibiting theoperation of other CIE functions or the transmission of an alarm signal.

8.14 VALVE MONITORING DEVICES

Where only valve monitoring devices are connected to a fire indicator panel, the fireindicator panel may be located in the sprinkler valve room. In this instance, the parallelwiring connection to the fire control station connection point may be made in the sprinklerroom.

Where monitored valves are intermixed on a fire indicator panel with other actuatingdevices, they shall be segregated and have a separate alarm output signal.

All wiring to valve monitoring devices shall be supervised.

8.15 FLOW/PRESSURE SWITCHES

Each flow switch, pressure switch and the like used to initiate a fire alarm signal at the CIE,shall be connected to a separate alarm zone facility of the CIE.

NOTE: Where the CIE does not provide adequate alarm delay facilities, the flow/pressureswitches used should incorporate retard or time delay devices to prevent false alarms due tosurges in the water supply.

8.16 FIP INDICATORS

Where sprinkler flow switches, firepumps or other devices associated with fire suppressionsystems are connected to the CIE for indication only, their indicators shall be groupedseparately and distinct from other fire detection indicators.

All circuit wiring to these devices shall be supervised.

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8.17 WIRING

8.17.1 General

The wiring of the fire detection and alarm system and its associated extra-low voltagecircuits shall be kept separate and distinct from all other systems. Associated fire protectionsystems within the CIE enclosure may share the same mains circuit and mains isolationswitch as the CIE. It shall be in accordance with the appropriate requirements of AS 3000.

The wiring between the main electrical switchboard and the control and indicatingequipment shall be in accordance with AS 3000.

Where the power supply unit is separate from the CIE, it shall be installed in accordancewith the requirement for CIE as specified in AS 3000.

8.17.2 Conductors

Except where mineral insulated metal sheathed (MIMS) conductors or telephone-typecables are used, all conductors shall be stranded and have a minimum cross-sectional areaof 0.75 mm2.

The maximum voltage drop specified by the equipment manufacturer shall not be exceeded.

Notwithstanding the above requirements, other communication methods such as opticalfibres are permitted provided that the integrity of the installation is equivalent to therequirements of this Standard and such circuits are dedicated to the fire protection functionsof a building.

8.17.3 Cable colour

Sheathed cables shall comply with the following colour requirements:

(a) The outer sheath shall be coloured red or have permanent red markers of at least25 mm in width spaced at intervals of not more than 2 m along the cable length.

(b) The insulation of each conductor shall be permanently coloured or marked so thateach conductor is readily identifiable at each termination.

8.17.4 Telephone-type cable

Where telephone-type cable is used to interconnect various components of the detectionsystem, it shall be double-insulated, Australian Telecommunications Authority (Austel)approved and protected from mechanical damage (see Appendix C). The cables inunderground cable runs between buildings shall either be a type approved for direct burialand suitably protected against mechanical damage, or be suitably enclosed in accordancewith AS 3000 and AS 3013.

The use of telephone type cables is permitted for wiring to—

(a) mimic panels;

(b) repeater panels; and

(c) on multi-building sites to connect building SIPs to the FIP provided the cables areinstalled underground. Where telephone-type cable exits the underground, the cableshall be terminated to a cable complying with AS 3013 with a minimum rating ofWS51W and the mechanical rating upgraded dependent on the hazard as defined inAS 3013 (see Appendix C).

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Where telephone type cabling is not segregated from the telecommunications network thefollowing is required:

(i) The line interfaces at both ends are AUSTEL approved.

(ii) Fire alarm cables and terminations are grouped together on telecom frames andsuitably marked.

(iii) The cable installed between buildings is underground.

8.17.5 Underground wiring

All underground wiring shall be installed to comply with category B as detailed in AS 3000.

8.17.6 Aerial reticulation

Aerial reticulation of alarm zone circuit wiring is acceptable provided that the cables aretied to a separate catenary wire in accordance with AS 3000 or tied to a cable tray. Theminimum separation distance requirements of AS 3000 shall be observed.

NOTE: Particular attention shall be given to the cable run to ensure that the fire service cables arenot subject to mechanical damage. In areas where this damage can occur, mechanical protection isto comply with AS 3013.

8.17.7 Joints and terminations

Wiring to all actuating devices shall be supervised to the extent that removal of any devicesfrom the AZC will cause a fault signal at the AZF. Each incoming and outgoing conductorof the same potential shall be connected to the separate screw or clamping facility providedon the same terminal connection.

Joints in conductors shall not be permitted except in runs in excess of 100 m. Joints andterminations shall be made in a terminal box with fixed, clamp-type terminations, located inan accessible space. All such terminal boxes shall be clearly identified on the ‘as-installed’drawings.

All terminations shall have appropriate circuit markings within the terminal box and theterminal box shall be marked ‘FIRE ALARM’ in a contrasting colour.

Where a detector is connected by flexible cord, the cord shall have grips at each end torelieve the terminals of stress.

Where actuating devices have separate fault signalling facilities, they shall be connected insuch a way to ensure that a fault in any actuating device does not prevent the transmissionof a fire alarm signal.

8.17.8

Not applicable

8.18 MONITORING SERVICE

8.18.1 General

Unless otherwise required by the regulatory authority, every fire detection and alarm systemshall be connected to a monitoring service with a permanently connectedtelecommunications link to a firefighting service.

The alarm monitoring network shall comply with the relevant requirements for apermanently connected controlled station as specified in AS 1670.3.

NOTE: A permanently connected controlled station includes a requirement for a secondary linkbetween the controlled and controlling stations.

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8.18.2 Alarm signalling equipment

Alarm signalling equipment shall comply with AS 4428.6.

8.18.3 Connection

Wiring from alarm signalling equipment to the alarm monitoring network connection pointshall comply with AS 3013 with a minimum rating of WS51W, and the mechanical ratingupgraded dependent on the hazard as defined in AS 3013 (see Appendix C). Whereconnection to the alarm monitoring network is duplicated or separate signal paths, theminimum cable rating shall be WSX1W. Connection to an IDF is permissible only if thecable from the IDF to the MDF is installed underground.

NOTES: 1 Alarm signalling equipment connected to the telecommunications network requires Austel

approval.2 Alarm signalling equipment connected to a radio network requires the approval of the

Spectrum Management Agency.

8.19 WIRE FREE ALARM ZONE CIRCUITS

8.19.1 General

Wire free alarm zone circuits shall meet the requirements of AS 4428.9.

8.19.2 Transmitters

Transmitters shall meet the requirements of the statutory body responsible for the allocationof the spectrum.

8.19.3 Receivers

Receivers shall meet the requirements of the statutory body responsible for the allocation ofthe spectrum.

8.20

Not applicable

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S E C T I O N 9 C O M M I S S I O N I N G

9.1 GENERAL

9.1.1 General

An operator’s manual for the CIE, ‘as-installed’ drawings and documentation,commissioning test report forms (see Appendix F) and the system log shall be available tofacilitate commissioning tests.

NOTE: Detectors which can be contaminated by construction works should not be fitted until theconstruction works are completed.

9.1.2 ‘As-installed’ drawings

Clear and concise ‘as installed’ line drawings and site plan on a suitable scale shall beprovided for each installation. Standard symbols (see Appendix E) shall be used. Thesedrawings are to show the following where applicable (see also Figures E1 and E2).

(a) The location and interconnection of all equipment installed in accordance with thisStandard, inclusive of unique detector numbering.

(b) The location of intersystem termination points, such as Building and EnergyManagement System (BEMS), AS 2220 and AS 1668.1 controls, fire control stationinterface, primary power source circuit breaker and all other ancillary controlfunctions.

(c) Applicable portion of the alarm zone circuit designation together with a symbollegend.

(d) System schematic wiring diagram.

(e) Sound pressure level and location of reading.

9.2 COMMISSIONING OF INSTALLATION

9.2.1 Commissioning tests

The following checks and tests shall be performed and recorded for new installations andthose parts of existing installations affected by modifications or additions. (seeAppendix F):

(a) Check that all detectors used in the system are—

(i) listed in the operator’s manual;

(ii) compatible with the installed alarm zone facility, particularly that the permittednumber of detectors for each alarm zone is not exceeded;

(iii) installed in an environment for which they are suitable; and

(iv) not set to a sensitivity outside that prescribed in the relevant product Standard.NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix B.

(b) Check that the primary power source for the system has been provided in accordancewith AS 3000, and that the isolating switch disconnects all active conductors.

(c) Check that the detector and the FIP locations are in accordance with appropriateClauses of this Standard.

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(d) Measure alarm zone circuit parameters specified in the manufacturer’sinstallation/commissioning instruction and ensure each is within the equipmentspecification.

Measure the insulation resistance of all installation wiring measured to earth inaccordance with AS 3000. Record the worst case resistance in the logbook.

NOTE: Where the connected equipment could be damaged by the insulation resistance test above,other appropriate tests to ensure that the wiring is satisfactory should be applied.

(e) Open circuit and short circuit the ‘end of line device’ on each alarm zone circuit, orconduct other appropriate tests to ensure that fault and alarm conditions are operatingcorrectly on all alarm zone facilities and on other sections of the control andindicating equipment.

(f) For wire-free alarm zone circuits, ensure that the actuating device parameters meetthe minimum parameters specified by the manufacturer, including that the receiverresponds to alarm, tamper, low standby power signals and gives a fault signal whenthe supervisory signal condition is absent.

(g) Operate each alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset facility provided for each alarmzone to determine their correct operation. Operate the primary power source switchoff and on at least five times to check that the system will not false alarm fromprimary power source interruptions.

(h) Check the response of each installed detector or sampling point with an approved in-situ tester, and ensure that each detector has operated in the correct range and thealarm has indicated on the FIP and, if applicable, at the tested detector. The responseof the system shall not exceed 6 s from the time the detector operates until the masteralarm facility registers the alarm, or within the period specified for the particular CIEor actuating device when an AVF is fitted. Check that fixed temperature only devicesand MCPs do not start the AVF function.

(i) Check operation of each manual call point and all other actuating devices. Check thatactivation of MCPs on the same circuit as other actuating devices does not causeexisting alarm indications to be extinguished.

(j) For flame detectors, perform the following:

(i) Check that the number and type of detectors provide adequate protection of thearea.

(ii) Check that there are no ‘blind’ spots in areas protected.

(iii) Check that the detectors are rigidly fixed.

(iv) Check that detectors are properly connected to compatible control andindicating equipment.

(v) Check that detector lenses are clean and adequately protected from dust andextraneous radiation sources where these are present.

(vi) Test the detector response to a flame source or simulated flame.

(k) For aspirated smoke detector systems, perform the following:

(i) Measure the response time of all sampling points using smoke, placed at eachsampling point.

(ii) Check the back-up power source capacity.

(iii) Check the operation of alarm settings and indicators.

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(iv) Check the operation of remote indication of alarm and fault signals.

(v) Check the operation of airflow failure indicators.

(vi) Check the operation of the system (signal) failure indicators.

(vii) Check the isolate/reset functions.

(viii) Check the fault and alarm test facilities.

(l) Check the operation of the alarm investigation facility (AIF), if fitted, and ensure thatthe investigation time is appropriate to the installation and satisfactory to theregulatory authority.

(m) Test each ancillary function by operating the alarm zone facility or facilitiesassociated with the ancillary function.

(n) Check that the master alarm facility (MAF) is able to receive the alarm signal byoperating each alarm zone facility. Check that the master alarm facility initiates a firealarm signal to the fire control station equipment.

(o) Check that both primary and secondary power sources are of a suitable type andcapacity complying with the requirements of Clause 8.2. Perform a float voltagecheck according to the battery manufacturer’s recommendation to ensure that thecharger type and setting is correct for the type of battery.

(p) Check that all alarm zone facilities have been correctly labelled and that the alarmzone is immediately apparent from the labelling.

(q) Check that ‘as-installed’ drawings have been correctly marked up and that they areconsistent with the installation. Check that the operator’s manual is relevant to theinstallation.

9.2.2 Test results

Record the results of the commissioning test (i.e. voltages and currents for the batterycharger, detector or sampling point operating times, and other equipment identification) inthe log and restore the system to its normal operating condition.

9.3 STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE

A statement of compliance with this Standard (see Appendix G) and ‘as-installed’ drawingsshall be provided at the conclusion of the installation.

9.4 CIE DOCUMENTATION

The following documentation shall be housed with the FIP (see Clause 8.4.7):

(a) Single line drawing(s), showing:

(i) The location and identification number of equipment installed in accordancewith this Standard (see Appendix E).

(ii) Access point to any protected concealed spaces.

(iii) Location of any building plant reset.NOTE: The ‘as-installed’ drawing as described in Clause 9.1.2 may be acceptable to theregulatory authority as complying with the above.

(b) Installer’s statement and commissioning test report.

(c) The operator’s manual complying with AS 1603.4, suitably amended to reflect theinstallation.

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(d) Software versions and site-specific configuration data.

(e) Subsequent additions, alterations and amendments to components and parameters ofthe fire alarm system.

NOTES: 1 For the continuous reliability of the system, provision should be made for the regular

maintenance of the installation.2 The arrangements for maintenance are to ensure that an adequate service facility is available

to provide service in the event of any fault developing at the installation.3 It is recommended that the installation be maintained by the manufacturer, the manufacturer’s

representative or an organization trained in the maintenance of the installed equipment inaccordance with AS 1851.8.

4 The monitoring service and the building owner or agent should be notified when any portionof a system is isolated for maintenance and likewise when this portion is returned to normaloperation.

9.5

Not applicable

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APPENDIX A

LIST OF REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS

(Normative)

REFERENCED DOCUMENTSAS1159 Polyethylene pipes for pressure applications1603 Automatic fire detection and alarm systems1603.4 Part 4: Control and indicating equipment1603.5 Part 5: Manual call points1603.6 Part 6: Fire alarm bells1603.8 Part 8: Multi-point aspirated smoke detectors1668 The use of mechanical ventilation and airconditioning in buildings1668.1 Part 1: Fire and smoke control1670 Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—Systems design,

installation and commissioing1670.3 Part 3: Monitoring network performance1851 Maintenance of fire protection equipment1851.8 Part 8: Automatic fire detection and alarm systems2053 Non-metallic conduits and fittings2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems2191 Lead-acid batteries of the lead-acid Plante positive plate type2220 Emergency warning and intercommunication systems in buildings (Parts 1 and 2)2362 Automatic fire detection and alarm systems—Methods of test for actuating

devices2484 Fire—Glossary of terms2484.2 Part 2: Fire protection and firefighting equipment2659 Guide to the use of sound measuring equipment2659.1 Part 1: Portable sound level meters2706 Numerical values—Rounding and interpretation of limiting values3000 Electrical installations—Buildings, structures and premises3013 Electrical installations—Wiring systems for specific applications4029 Stationary batteries—Lead-acid4428 Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—Control and indicating

equipment4428.1 Part 1: Fire4428.6 Part 6: Alarm signalling equipment

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RELATED DOCUMENTS

Attention is drawn to the following related documents:AS1076 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of electrical

apparatus and associated equipment for use in explosive atmospheres (other thanmining applications)

AS1076.1 Part 1: Basic requirements2659 Guide to the use of sound measuring equipment2659.1 Part 1: Portable sound level meters3116 Approval and test specification—Electric cables—Elastomer insulated—For

working voltages up to and including 0.6/1 kV3147 Approval and test specification—Electric cables—Thermoplastic insulated—For

working voltages up to and including 0.6/1 kVAUSTELTS 002 Analogue Interworking and Non-Interference Requirements for Customer

Equipment Connected to the Public Switched Telephone Network.TS 006 General Requirements for Customer Equipment Connected to the Non-switched

Telephone Network.

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APPENDIX B

GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS

(Informative)

B1 INTRODUCTION

These recommendations should be applied with due regard to the attributes of each type ofdetector and its prime function for life safety and property protection.

The fire detection and alarm system should operate before the escape routes become smoke-logged to such an extent that occupants will have difficulty finding their way out of thebuilding. Hazardous locations may require special consideration.

Premises where people sleep require different criteria for the selection of the detection andalarm system, to those premises where occupants are continuously supervising the area.Smoke detectors would normally provide a suitable level of protection for occupants withinthese areas.

B2 GENERAL NOTES ON DETECTORS

Fire detectors are designed to detect one or more of four characteristics of a fire, i.e. heat,smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), or flame. No one type of detector is the most suitable for allapplications and the final choice will depend on individual circumstances. In somepremises, it may be useful to combine different types of detectors to achieve the bestresults.

The likely fire behaviour of the contents of each part of the building, the processes takingplace and the design of the building should be considered. The susceptibility of the contentsto heat, smoke and water damage should also be considered.

Typical areas where special consideration should be given together with suggestedprotection devices are:

(a) Sleeping areas — smoke or CO

(b) Laundry/bathrooms — heat type B or CO

(c) Kitchens — heat or CO

(d) Kitchen exhaust duct — heat type E

(e) Electrical risers — smoke

(f) Autoclave/sterilizer areas — heat type B or D or CO

(g) Roof spaces — heat type C

(h) Concealed spaces — heat type A

(i) Coldrooms/freezers — heat type B

(j) Flammable liquid stores — heat type A, smoke, flame

(k) Car parks — heat type A

(l) Air ducts — smoke

(m) Fume cupboards — heat type E

(n) Vertical service shaft — smoke or CO

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(o) Spray painting booths — heat and flame

(p) Boiler room/furnace — heat type D

(q) Stables — heat or CO

(r) Stages, discotheques or rides(where theatrical smoke isused)

— CO

(s) High ceilings — smoke or CO

In any automatic fire detection system, the detector has to discriminate between a fire andthe normal conditions existing within the building. The system chosen should havedetectors that are suited to these conditions and provide the earliest reliable warning. Eachtype of detector responds at a different rate to different kinds of fire. With a slowlydeveloping smouldering fire, a smoke detector would probably operate first. A fire thatrapidly evolves heat with very little smoke could operate a heat detector before a smokedetector. With a flammable liquid fire, a flame detector could operate first.

In general, smoke detectors give appreciably faster responses than heat detectors, but caremust be taken in their selection and location.

Heat and smoke detectors are suitable for use in most buildings. Flame detectors are mainlysuitable for supplementing heat and smoke detectors in high compartments provided that anunobstructed view is possible, and for special applications such as outdoor storage andchemical processes employing flammable liquids.

The choice of fire detector may also be affected by the environmental conditions within thepremises. In general, heat detectors have a greater resistance to adverse environmentalconditions than other types have.

All fire detectors will respond to some extent to phenomena other than fire and thereforecareful choice of detectors and their location is essential.

B3 HEAT DETECTORS

B3.1 General

There are two main forms of heat-sensitive detector. One is the ‘point’ type of detectorwhich is affected by the hot gas layer immediately adjacent to it. The other is the ‘line’ typeof detector which is sensitive to the effect produced by heated gases along any portion ofthe detector line.

There are two main types of heat-sensitive element in each form as follows:

(a) Rate-of-rise temperature elements which are designed to operate when theirtemperature rises abnormally quickly.

(b) Fixed-temperature (static) elements which are designed to operate when they reach apreselected temperature.

It must be appreciated that a rate-of-rise detector will respond to the presence of fireconditions faster than a fixed-temperature type because of its ability to sense rapidincreases in temperature. Accordingly, the use of rate-of-rise detectors is preferred forgeneral protection of areas.

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Where a building’s environmental conditions are not conducive to the use of rate-of-risedetectors due to normally occurring rapid temperature increases, consideration should begiven to the installation of fixed-temperature type detectors to reduce the incidence ofspurious alarms.

Where the ceiling height exceeds 9 m, heat detectors may not be suitable, and the location,sensitivity and type of detector selected should be specially considered.

Heat detectors are not usually suitable for the protection of places where large losses couldbe caused by small fires, e.g. computer rooms. Before final selection of a detector, anestimate should be made of the likely extent of the damage caused before operation of theheat detector.

B3.2 Application

Heat detectors should generally be selected as follows:

(a) Type A—(White dot) Normal temperature duty, incorporating both fixed-temperatureand rate-of-rise actuation This type of detector is recommended for use in themajority of moderate temperature applications below 45°C where rapid temperatureincreases are not normally experienced.

(b) Type B—(Blue dot) Normal temperature duty, fixed-temperature actuation only Thistype of detector is recommended where rapid temperature increases are normallyencountered and the maximum temperature does not normally exceed 45°C.

(c) Type C—(Green dot) High temperature duty incorporating both fixed-temperatureand rate-of-rise actuation This type of detector is recommended for use in hightemperature applications below 75°C where rapid temperature increases are notnormally experienced.

(d) Type D—(Red dot) High temperature duty, fixed-temperature actuation only Thistype of detector is recommended where rapid temperature increases are normallyexperienced and the maximum temperature does not normally exceed 75°C.

(e) Type E—(Yellow dot) Special purpose fixed temperature Type E detectors areintended to provide protection in areas which cannot be satisfactorily protected byTypes A to D owing to some factor associated with the environment, such asextremely high ambient temperatures, severe corrosion, and the like.

NOTE: Although Type A or Type C detectors are intended to protect the majority of areas,special circumstances may prevent or interfere with their reliable operation. Such circumstancesmay dictate the use of a Type B, Type D, or Type E detector manufactured to suit the specialenvironment.

B4 SMOKE DETECTORS

B4.1 General

There are two smoke-sensing principles commonly used for smoke detectors as follows:

(a) Ionization chamber type which operates on the change in current flowing through anionization chamber upon entry of smoke particles.

(b) Photoelectric type which operates on the scattering or absorption of light by smokeparticles in a light beam.

The sensitivity identification is in accordance with the requirements of AS 1603.2.

Duct sampling units draw air from a number of positions within the duct to a single-point type smoke detector.

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Multipoint aspirated smoke detectors sample air from the protected area to acommon sensor via a pipe network. The sensor is designed for very high sensitivityand responds to optically dense smoke and small particles. Holes drilled in the pipenetwork sample air from specific locations as required. Computer aided design toolsare commonly used to determine correct hole size and sampling point sensitivity.These systems are suitable for applications such as computer rooms where a veryhigh sensitivity is desirable. They are also suitable for large areas where smokedetection is required at high and normal sensitivity levels; however, where a largearea is covered the precise location of the smoke sensed cannot be determined.

Optical beam type smoke detectors are effectively line detectors working on the obscurationprinciple. Some beam detectors can also detect thermal turbulence by refraction of the beamat turbulent interfaces between hot and cold air.

Ionization chamber smoke detectors respond quickly to smoke containing small particlesnormally produced by clean-burning fires, but may respond slowly to optically dense smokecontaining large particles, which may be produced by smouldering materials.

Photoelectric smoke detectors respond quickly to smoke that is optically dense.

Both photoelectric and ionization detectors have sufficiently wide ranges of response to beof general use.

B4.2 Application

B4.2.1 General

All types of smoke detectors depend for operation on combustion products entering thesensing-chamber or light beam. When sufficient concentration is present, operation isobtained. Since the detectors are usually mounted on the ceiling, response time dependsupon the nature of the fire. A hot fire will drive the combustion products up to the ceilingrapidly. A smouldering fire produces little heat, therefore the time for smoke to reach thedetector will be increased.

The optical beam-type smoke detector will respond when the light path at the receiver isinterrupted or obscured. It is important therefore that the light path be kept clear ofobstacles at all times.

Smoke detectors other than those incorporating thermal turbulence detectors do not detectfumes from burning alcohol and other clean-burning liquids which do not produce smokeparticles. This is not a serious disadvantage because a fire will normally involve othercombustible materials at an early stage. Combined photoelectric beam smoke detectors andthermal turbulence detectors may be suitable for such risks, but heat or flame detectorsshould also be considered.

Smoke detectors incorporating thermal turbulence detectors may be unsuitable forinstallation immediately above ceiling-mounted blower heaters or industrial processes thatproduce appreciable heat.

Where there are production or other processes producing smoke or fumes that may operatesmoke detectors, an alternative type of detector should be considered.

Aspirating-type systems are more effective in detecting smoke than point-type detectors inmany applications. The sensitivity of the actual ‘sampling points’ is dependent on thesensing chamber sensitivity and the design of the aspirating pipe network.

Physical or electronic filtration of the air drawn through the sensing chamber andprocessing of the output signals has been shown to reduce spurious alarms caused bypollution, smoking and dust particles.

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B4.2.2

Not Applicable

B4.2.3 Ceiling surfaces

As mentioned in Paragraph B4.2.2, the ceiling surface is one of the factors that shall beconsidered before the locations of smoke detectors are established.

Some typical ceiling surfaces where the use of smoke detectors should be evaluated are asfollows:

(a) Smooth ceilings Heated air and smoke usually rise. When they reach smoothceilings, they travel along the ceiling. As these products flow along the ceiling, theirconcentration decreases as the distance from the source increases.

(b) Other ceilings Where deep beams or other obstructions form pockets in the ceiling,the products collect in the pocket and, if sufficient products are being generated, willeventually ‘spill over’ into adjacent pockets.

Sawtooth, sloping, open joist, beam construction, or other shaped ceilings mustreceive special consideration as smoke usually travels in a longitudinal direction atthe highest point.

(c) High ceilings As smoke rises from a fire, it tends to spread out on its way up in thegeneral form of an inverted cone. Therefore the concentration within the cone variesapproximately inversely as the square of the distance from the source.

In high ceilings, such as high rack storage warehouses, it may be necessary to installdetectors at more than one level to take advantage of the higher concentrations nearthe floor to provide faster response.

For atria type constructions, smoke beams at several levels may be necessarybecause of stratification (see Paragraph B4.2.4). Natural or forced ventilation assiststhe smoke reaching detectors at high ceiling levels (see also Paragraph B4.2.5).

B4.2.4 StratificationAs mentioned in Paragraph B4.2.3, smoke is driven upward by the heat from the fire source.Smoke released from slow burning or small fires may not be hot enough to penetrate thenormally heated air which collects at the ceiling. This is especially true in warehouses withmetal roofs. During the day the air under the roof is heated by the sun, and a thermal barrierexists which prevents warm combustion products from reaching the ceiling. The smoke willthen stratify at a level beneath the ceiling. Generally at night this condition will not exist.Proper protection may require detectors at two levels; one group at the ceiling level andanother some distance below the ceiling.

B4.2.5 AirflowSmoke can be diluted by airflow caused by updraughts, open windows, forced ventilatingsystems, or air-conditioning systems.It may be necessary to conduct air circulation observation tests in a room to ensure properplacement of detectors.For air-conditioned facilities and others where forced ventilation is present, it is goodpractice to take advantage of air currents to transport smoke to a detector. However, in suchsituations, smoke dilution and high airflow may cause the detector to respond slowly.The effects of airflow on the detector and the movement of smoke where detectors areinstalled near air ducts and in air-conditioned rooms may in some cases requirerepositioning of the detector.

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B4.2.6 Ducts

Smoke detectors used for sensing smoke in air-handling ducts should be installed where thebest sample of smoke can be obtained. Air-sampling probes are necessary to achieveadequate response. Installation of air-sampling probes should be in accordance with themanufacturer’s recommendations and tests should be conducted to ensure satisfactorysampling of the ducted air.

B4.2.7 Special considerations

The location of smoke detectors should take into consideration areas where false operationor non-operation is likely.

Some typical locations where the use of smoke detectors should be carefully evaluated areas follows:(a) In the vicinity of certain materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which when

smouldering produce mainly large particles to which optical detectors are moreresponsive.

(b) Areas where gases may be present from exhausts and normal manufacturingprocesses.

(c) Kitchens and other areas subject to cooking fumes. Photoelectric detectors are moresuitable for these areas.

(d) Near openings, such as doors, windows, or other inlets, where the introduction ofoutside industrial gases or products of combustion may be possible.

(e) Areas where the detector is subject to movement and excessive vibration, in particularwhere beam detectors are used.

(f) Dusty areas or in areas where particulate matter, such as aerosols, could enter thedetector.

(g) In areas subject to high velocity air currents, a sampling type detection system may bemore suitable.

(h) In areas where high concentrations of tobacco smoke are expected, ionizationdetectors are less susceptible to false operation.

(i) In areas where steam or condensation vapour is expected, ionization detectors are lesssusceptible to false operation.

B5 FLAME DETECTORS

B5.1 Flame characteristics

Flames from most fire sources emit electromagnetic radiation which includes ultravioletlight, visible light, and infra-red radiation in various intensities characteristic of eachparticular source. Flames from sources such as petrol and oil tend to generate greaterquantities of infra-red radiation, whereas gas flames and solvents such as methylated spiritshave a much higher ultraviolet component. Other sources, particularly sunlight and buildinglighting, generate radiation in the same parts of the spectrum and therefore flame detectorsmust be selected to discriminate flame from other radiation sources.

B5.2 Detector characteristics

Flame detectors are sensitive to radiation that travels from the fire to the detector innegligible time irrespective of distance. They may be of the ultraviolet type or infra-redtype and respond when the radiant energy in their respective sensing bands exceeds a presetthreshold. A clear line of sight to the protected area is desirable, although reflectedradiation, e.g. by mirrors, may actuate a detector with reduced sensitivity.Li

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The distance from the seat of the fire to the detectors influences radiation intensity. Theintensity of the radiation striking the detector falls by the square of the distance from theseat of the fire. This means that if this distance is doubled, the intensity of the fire must befour times greater in order to activate an alarm.

In order to discriminate flames from other sources, many infra-red flame detectors operateon the ‘flicker principle’, i.e. they have a filter which only allows them to respond toradiation pulsing around a central frequency of 5 Hz to 15 Hz which is characteristic ofmany types of flames. Ultraviolet flame detectors mostly discriminate flames from sunlightby sensing only radiation at wavelengths between 220 nm and 270 nm which is outside thesolar spectrum.

B5.3 Selection

Flame detectors should be chosen for applications where there is the likelihood of rapidflame development, to overcome the delay of combustion products or heat reaching smokedetectors or heat detectors.

The choice of infra-red detectors or ultraviolet detectors or some combination will dependon the typical radiation from the expected fire hazard and the presence of false alarmsources in the vicinity. For example, in aircraft maintenance hangars where aviationkerosene is a strong infra-red source and welding is a potential ultraviolet false alarmsource, infra-red detectors would be appropriate. Alternatively, for a store containingsolvents which burn cleanly, with a low infra-red radiation component, and which is lit byincandescent lamps (good infra-red source), ultraviolet detectors should be selected. Theenvironment in which the detector is to be installed would also influence the choice, e.g.contamination of lenses.

Other typical applications of flame detectors are storage tanks and pipework containingflammable liquids, chemical processes, and large open warehouses.

B5.4 Field of view considerations

Flame detectors are essentially ‘line of sight’ devices which can sense the presence offlames in a set field of view. This field is generally described (see Figure B1) by the coneof vision angle and the maximum sensitivity distance, although other considerations areimportant.

Where a flame detector is placed at a fixed height above the floor, then a protected areawithin which a particular fire size may be detected, may be determined from themanufacturer’s data (see Figure B2).

Figure B3 shows a typical layout of four flame detectors which provide multiple coverageprotecting an aircraft hangar.

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FIGURE B1 TYPICAL POLAR DIAGRAM OF A FLAME DETECTOR

FIGURE B2 TYPICAL FLOOR AREA PROTECTED BY ONE FLAME DETECTOR

FIGURE B3 MULTIPLE COVERAGE PROVIDED BY FOUR FLAME DETECTORS

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B5.5 Spurious alarms

There are a number of sources of radiation which occur in installations for which somemeasures of protection must be taken to prevent spurious alarms.

For ultraviolet flame detectors, potential sources of spurious alarms include the following:

(a) Lightning, electric arcs.

(b) Cutting and welding operations.

(c) Sunlight.

Where ultraviolet detectors must be used in these environments, appropriate shielding maybe required to prevent the non-flame ultraviolet radiation falling on the detector.

For infra-red flame detectors, potential sources of spurious alarm include the following:

(i) Very hot objects.

(ii) Ovens/furnaces.

(iii) Sunlight.

(iv) Incandescent lamps.

Most infrared detectors use the flicker principle to guard against these sources, but, ifrotation of a fan or motor or rippling on a liquid surface causes radiation from the source toflicker at the same frequency as the flame, a spurious alarm may occur.

Some flame detectors are fitted with a time delay to eliminate the effects of short-termtransient signals. However, where detectors are used to actuate extinguishing or high speedsuppression systems, these time delays should be eliminated or reduced considerably. Analternative is to use dual sensor operation whereby both sensors must detect the presence offlames before the suppression system is activated.

B6 CO FIRE DETECTORS

B6.1 General

For the purpose of this Appendix, the guidance and applications given apply to CO firedetectors complying with the requirements of AS 1603.2.

The CO fire detector’s sensor may have a limited service life because, as the sensor ages, itbecomes less sensitive. Hence, detectors are required to be maintained strictly inaccordance with AS 1851 and any additional requirements of the manufacturer.

B6.2 Application

B6.2.1 General

CO fire detectors are suitable for a broad range of fire detection applications. Thesedetectors may be better suited to applications where certain other smoke detectiontechniques are prone to false alarms; e.g. dust, steam and cooking vapours.

CO detectors react promptly to slow smouldering fires involving carbonaceous materials.

Carbon monoxide does not solely depend on convection but also moves by diffusion.

Carbon monoxide may not be suitable for fires involving:

(a) Clean burning liquids.

(b) PVC insulated cables.

(c) Combustible metals.

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(d) Certain self-oxidizing chemicals.

(e) Non-carbonaceous fuels.

B6.2.2 Location considerations

CO detectors should not be used for some types of life protection applications, such as onescape routes, where smoke detectors are used to trigger an alarm during a fire beforesmoke levels on the escape routes make them unusable. In some circumstances, CO firedetectors may be slower to respond. A combination of the two detection types may providesome advantage depending upon the findings of the risk assessment.

B6.2.3 Airflow

Air movement does not significantly affect the CO fire detector’s response. Whilst CO gashas greater mobility than smoke, it can be diluted by forced ventilation systems and, hence,the same considerations as for smoke detectors should be taken into account.

Recirculating systems confined to a single room have little effect on dilution, as this issimilar to the natural diffusion of the CO gas.

B6.2.4 Ducts

CO fire detectors are not considered suitable for use with duct sampling units.

B6.2.5 Special considerations

Installations that include CO detectors require labelling at the FIP/SIP (see Clause 8.4.7).

The location of CO fire detectors should take into account areas where false operation ornon-operation is likely. Some typical locations where the use of CO fire detectors should becarefully evaluated are as follows:

(a) Areas where CO may be present from exhausts and normal manufacturing processes.Examples include car parks, car park return air plenums, loading docks.

(b) Generally, cigarette smoke will not have sufficient CO present to cause alarms eventhough smoke may be clearly visible. In heavy smoking and incense burning areas,the CO level should be measured before installing CO fire detectors.

(c) Where the environment has a high level of film-forming mists, such as siliconesprays, which may block the diffusion barrier.

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APPENDIX C

WIRING SYSTEMS RATING

(Normative)

C1 PROTECTION AGAINST EXPOSURE TO FIRE

All wiring systems required to have a protection against exposure to fire shall have a ratingof not less than 120 min. This rating is represented as WS5X.

C2 PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL DAMAGE

Protection against mechanical damage shall be provided as listed below. The areasindicated should not be considered as a rigid list to be adhered to with no deviations, ratherthey should be considered as a guide to the types of areas and causes of damage to beencountered. Details of ways to achieve the grade of protection can be found in AS 3013.

WS5X — Areas where physical damage is considered to be unlikely. Examples ofthese areas are—

(a) masonry riser shafts with strictly limited access;

(b) non-trafficable ceiling void areas;

(c) inaccessible underfloor areas;

(d) underground installation in accordance with AS 3000; and

(e) internal domestic and office situations where cabling is mounted onwalls at heights above 1.5 m.

WS51 — Areas where physical damage by light impact is considered possible.Examples of these areas are—

(a) internal domestic or office situations where cable is mounted onwalls at heights below 1.5 m; and

(b) trafficable ceiling void areas where access to building services formaintenance purposes is required.

WS52 — Areas where physical damage by impact from manually-propelled vehicleis possible. Examples of these areas are—

(a) passageways and storerooms in domestic, office and commerciallocations where hand trucks and barrows may be used, and cablesare mounted at a height of less than 1.5 m;

(b) plant rooms where only minor equipment is installed; and

(c) workshops where repair and maintenance, on small equipment andfurniture or the like, is carried out, and cables are mounted at aheight of less than 2.0 m.

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WS53 — Areas where physical damage by impact from light vehicles is possible.Examples of these areas are—

(a) car parks and driveways where cars and other light vehicles arepresent and cables are mounted at a height of less than 2.0 m;

(b) storage areas where manually-operated devices such as pallet trucksmay be operated and cables are mounted at a height of less than2.5 m.

WS54 — Areas where physical impact from vehicles with rigid frames or rigidobjects, the weight of which does not exceed 2.0 t, is possible. Examplesof these areas are—

(a) small delivery docks where the cabling is mounted below a heightof 3.0 m;

(b) warehouses with pallet storage up to 3.0 m and use of forklifttrucks; and

(c) heavy vehicle workshops.

WS55 — Areas were physical damage from impact by laden vehicles or objects theladen weight of which exceeds 2.0 t. Examples of these areas are—

(a) loading and delivery docks;

(b) fabrication and maintenance areas for medium to heavyengineering; and

(c) large high pile storage warehouses with forklift trucks.

Where any WS cabling traverses areas of various protection requirement, and it is neitherviable nor practicable to change the degree of protection at the transition points, theinstalled cabling shall comply with the highest requirement of protection.

C3 PROTECTION AGAINST HOSING WITH WATER

Where the wiring system is required to maintain its integrity after exposure to fire andsubsequent hosing with water, it shall have the suffix W appended to its rating,i.e. WS5XW.

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APPENDIX D

EXAMPLES OF POWER SOURCE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS

(Informative)

D1 BATTERY CAPACITY CALCULATIONS

(a) IQ calculation:

Item Unit I in mA Quantity Total mA

CIE (base)AZFACF

200.020.020.0

162

200.0120.0

40.0

Detector:Hard contact heatIonization smokePhotoelectric smokeIR flameUV flameBeam

0.00.010.10.252.0

180.0

605040

624

0.00.54.01.54.0

720.0

Ancillary loads (normally energized)Aircon relaysElectric locks

20.0100.0

24

40.0400.0

Total IQ (mA) 1530.0 1.53A

NOTE: 1 Ampere (A) = 1000 milliamperes (mA)

(b) IA calculation:

All following alarm currents are the values in addition to any quiescent value.

Item Unit I in mA Quantity Total mA

Total IQSounders (bells)AZFsEvac interface relayFire control stn interfaceACFsWarning signs

—80.0

100.020.020.0

300.0500.0

—122122

1530.080.0

200.040.020.0

600.01000.0

3470.0 3.47A

Less loads that de-energize on alarm

Aircon relays 20.0 2 40

Electric locks 100.0 4 400.0

440.0

Total alarm load IA (mA) 3030.0 3.03A

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Required battery capacity at end of battery life = (IQ × 24) + (IA × 0.5)

= (1.53 × 24) + (3.03 × 0.5)

= 36.72 + 1.52

= 38.42 Ah

Therefore required new battery capacity = 38.24 × 1.25

= 47.8 Ah

Rounded up to nearest available battery = 50.0 Ah

D2 PRIMARY POWER SOURCE CALCULATIONS

(a) Battery charger current calculation:

Battery charger requirement = Battery charged for 24 h to(see Clause 8.2.3(c)) provide 5 IQ + 0.5IA

Ah requirement = (5 × IQ) + (0.5 × IA)

= (5 × 1.53) + (0.5 × 3.03)

= 7.65 + 1.515

= 9.17 Ah

Battery charging current required =e24

9.17×

= 0.48 A

(e is battery efficiency, say 0.8 for this example)

(b) Power supply requirement:

Choose the greater of—

(i) IA + non-battery-backed ancillary alarm loads

Item Unit I in mA Quantity Total A

IA — — 3.03

Non-battery-backed ancillary alarm loads:Door holders 50.0 4 0.2

3.23A

OR

(ii) IQ + non-battery-backed quiescent loads

Item Unit I in mA Quantity Total A

IQ — — 1.53

Non-battery-backed quiescent loads:

Door holders 50.0 6 0.3

1.83A

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Therefore the required power supply rating = 3.23A

Where the power supply is also used as the charger, the battery charger requirement must beadded to the minimum power supply requirement to obtain the minimum power supplyrating.

If the power supply is used as the battery charger the rating is:

= IA + battery charger current requirement

= 3.23A + 0.48A

= 3.71A

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APPENDIX E

FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS

(Normative)

The following symbols are commonly used to indicate on drawings the various items ofequipment:

Heat detector (exposed or surfacemounted)

Fire indicator panel

Heat detector in concealedspaces

Repeater panel

Heat detector within air duct Mimic panel

Line detector Subindicator panel

Smoke detector (exposed orsurface mounted)

Remote controlequipment

Smoke detector in concealedspaces

Addressable device

Smoke detector within air duct Manual call point

Smoke detector with samplingdevice

Storage batteries

Remote visual indicator Fire alarm bell

Smoke detector (beam typetransmitter)

Electromagnetic doorholder

Smoke detector (beam typereceiver)

Pressure switch

Flame detector Flow switch

End of line device Smoke sampling system(× = sampling point)

Smoke alarm Alarm zone designation

Heat alarm Device address

Circuit wiring — — — Sounder

Loudspeaker

* If other than Type A, note B, C, D, or E.† Type of smoke detector, e.g. I = ionization, P = photoelectric, CO = carbon monoxide.‡ Substitute zone number as appropriate.§ Type of flame detector, e.g. IR = infrared, UV = ultraviolet.

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FIGURE E1 TYPICAL SINGLE LINE DRAWING

FIGURE E2 TYPICAL ADDRESSABLE SINGLE LINE DRAWING

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APPENDIX F

COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT

(Normative)

THE AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

INSTALLED AT:

(Premises) ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

______________________________ Postcode __________________

Owner or Owners’ Authorized Agent:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________ Postcode __________________

* NEW* MODIFICATION TO SYSTEM* ADDITION TO (* Cross out those not applicable)

Date of commissioning tests _______________________________________________

Name and address of commissioning company, company stamp, or company namein ‘BLOCK LETTERS’

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________ Postcode _________________

Commissioning person. Name (print) __________________________________

Signature: ____________________________________

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AS 1670.1—1995


73

NO

TAP

PLIC

ABLE

YES

NO

INSTRUCTIONS:

This form is to be used in conjunction with—

(a) operator's manual;

(b) installer's statement(s);

(c) 'as-installed' drawings; and

(d) detector test records,

to provide a complete description of the installed system and its tested performance atthe time of its commissioning into service.

SYSTEM INFORMATION

Tick relevant box

(a) Ensure that all detectors used in the system are—

(i) listed in the operator's manual;

(ii) compatible with the installed AZF, particularly ensuring that thepermitted number of detectors on each circuit is not exceeded;and

(iii) installed in an environment for which they are suitable.

(b) Check that the primary power source for the system has beenprovided in accordance with AS 3000, and that the isolating switchdisconnects at active conductors.

(c) Check that the detector and the FIP locations are in accordance withthe appropriate clauses of this Standard, AS 1670.

(d) Alarm zone circuit:

(i) Measure each alarm zone circuit voltage, and ensure each iswithin the equipment manufacturer's specifications.

(ii) Insulation resistance of all installation wiring measured inaccordance with AS 3000 or similar approved method andrecord the worst case result in the logbook.

(e) Open circuit and short circuit 'the end of line device' on each alarmzone circuit, or conduct other appropriate tests to ensure that faultand alarm conditions are operating correctly on all alarm zonefacilities on other sections of the control and indicating equipment.

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AS 1670.1—1995


74

NO

TAP

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ABLE

NO

YES(f) FIP test to be carried out as follows:

(i) Operate each alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset facilityprovided for each alarm zone facility to determine correctoperation.

(ii) Operate the primary power source switch on and off at leastfive times to check the system will not cause a false alarm fromprimary power source interruptions.

(g) Detector testing to be carried out as follows:

Test each installed detector or sampling point with an approvedin-situ tester, and ensure that each detector has operated in thecorrect range, and the alarm has indicated on the control andindicating equipment and, if applicable, at the detector tested.

(ii) Confirm that response of the system does not exceed 6 s fromthe time the detector operates until the master alarm facilityregisters the alarm (while in normal mode) on each zone, or32 s when AVF is fitted.

(iii) Record tests on detector test record as required by AS 1851.8and attach to the report.

(h) Check the operation of each manual call point and all other actuatingdevices.

(i) For flame detectors, perform the following:

(i) Check that the number and type of detectors provide adequateprotection of the area.

(ii) Check that there are no 'blind' spots in areas protected.

(iii) Check that detectors are rigidly fixed.

(iv) Check that detectors are properly connected to compatiblecontrol and indicating equipment.

(v) Check that detector lenses are clean and adequately protectedfrom dust and extraneous radiation sources where these arepresent.

(vi) Test the detection response to a flame source or simulatedflame.

(j) For smoke detection sampling systems, perform the following:

(i) Measure the response time of all sampling points using smokeplaced at each sampling point.

(ii) Check the back-up power supply capacity.

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AS 1670.1—1995


75

YES

NO NO

TAP

PLIC

ABLE

(iii) Check the operation of alarm settings and indicators.

(iv) Check the operation of remote indication of alarm and faultsignals.

(v) Check the operation of airflow failure indicators.

(vi) Check the operation of the system (signal) failure indicators.

(vii) Check the isolate/reset functions.

(viii) Check the fault and alarm test facilities.

(k) Test each ancillary function by operating the alarm zone facility(ies),associated with the ancillary function.

(l) Alarm signalling:

(i) Check that the master alarm facility is able to receive the alarmsignal by operating each alarm zone facility.

(ii) Check that the master alarm facility initiates an alarm to the firecontrol station equipment.

(m) Battery supply:

(i) Check that both the primary and secondary power sources areof a suitable type and capacity complying with the requirementsof Clause 8.2.

(ii) Perform a float voltage check according to the batterymanufacturer's recommendation to ensure that the charger typeand setting is correct.Type of battery connected..........................................................Float voltage/ required ...............................................................Charger type .............................................................................Charger set at ...........................................................................

(n) Check that all alarm zone facilities have been correctly labelled andthat the alarm zone is immediately apparent from the labelling.

(o) Check that 'as-installed' drawings have been correctly marked up andthat they are consistent with the installation. Check that the operator'smanual is relevant to the installation.

(p) Ensure that the results of the commissioning tests are recorded in thesystem logbook.

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AS 1670.1—1995


76

APPENDIX G

STANDARD FORM OF STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE FOR FIRE ALARMSYSTEMS

(Normative)

1 Name of building ........................................................................................................

2 Situated at .................................................................................................................

3 I/We have installed in the above building

an alteration to the system of ..................................................................a system of (Brand Name)

4 System connected to the ...........................................................................................monitoring service provider by a permanent , non-permanent connection

5 Date of connection ....................................................................................................

6 Describe any ancillary equipment installed and connected to the control andindicating equipment .................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

7 Current drain of ancillary loads powered from the CIE power supply

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

8 Primary power source voltage ....................................................................................

9 Battery type and capacity ........................................................................................

10 Is maintenance agreement held for the system? ........................................................

11 Has operator's handbook been supplied? ..................................................................

12 Has logbook been supplied? ......................................................................................

13 Have 'as-installed' drawings been supplied? .............................................................

14 Portion of building not protected by this system ........................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

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AS 1670.1—1995


77

15 I/We hereby certify that the installation has been thoroughly tested from eachactuating device and that a test of the transmission of the alarm signal to themonitoring service provider has been satisfactorily carried out. I/We further certifythat the whole system and all components called up in Clause 1.3 in connectiontherewith are installed entirely in accordance with the current requirements ofAS 1670.1, except with regard to the following details which have already beenapproved*.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

Dated ......................................................... (Signature) ..............................................

Installing Company .........................................................................................................

Zone ofprotection

Number and type of actuating devices

Thermal Smoke Flame

Alarmzone‡

Numberof

actuatingdevices

per zone†

A B C D E Ionization Photo-electrical IR UV

Manualcall

pointOther

123456789

1011121314151617181920

TotalNumber

* If no exception strike out the words underlined.† Indicate with a number in brackets the number of actuating devices in concealed spaces.‡ Add addressable loop number in brackets where applicable.

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Standards AustraliaStandards Australia is an independent company, limited by guarantee, which prepares and publishesmost of the voluntary technical and commercial standards used in Australia. These standards aredeveloped through an open process of consultation and consensus, in which all interested parties areinvited to participate. Through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Commonwealth government,Standards Australia is recognized as Australia’s peak national standards body.

Australian StandardsAustralian Standards are prepared by committees of experts from industry, governments, consumersand other relevant sectors. The requirements or recommendations contained in published Standards area consensus of the views of representative interests and also take account of comments received fromother sources. They reflect the latest scientific and industry experience. Australian Standards are keptunder continuous review after publication and are updated regularly to take account of changingtechnology.

International InvolvementStandards Australia is responsible for ensuring that the Australian viewpoint is considered in theformulation of international Standards and that the latest international experience is incorporated innational Standards. This role is vital in assisting local industry to compete in international markets.Standards Australia represents Australia at both ISO (The International Organizationfor Standardization) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

Electronic StandardsAll Australian Standards are available in electronic editions, either downloaded individually from our Website, or via on-line and CD ROM subscription services. For more information phone 1300 65 46 46 orvisit us at

www.standards.com.au

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GPO Box 5420 Sydney NSW 2001Administration Phone (02) 8206 6000 Fax (02) 8206 6001 Email [email protected] Service Phone 1300 65 46 46 Fax 1300 65 49 49 Email [email protected] www.standards.com.au

ISBN 0 7262 9754 2 Printed in AustraliaLice

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as 1670.1-1995 fire detection, warning, control and intercom sys design, inst & commission

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