As a result of increasing combustion efficiency less carbon fuel is required to do the same amount of work or to transfer the same amount of energy.

A 90 liter application of propane can be reduced to 50 liters + 545.7 watt hours worth of Brown's Gas. If the national average of propane is analyzed (2$/gallon-liquid):

90 liters of propane-gas ~ $6.00 @ 2$/gallon-liquid (Before/Propane Only)50 liters of propane-gas ~ $3.33 @ 2$/gallon-liquid (After/Propane Reduced)545.7 watt hours = 7.1 cents @ 13 cents/kilowatt hour (After/Electrical Costs)3.33 + .071 < 6.00

Varying Brown's Gas Quantities

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Time inMinutes

Tem

per

atu

re (

Far

enh

eit) Propane Only

545.7watthours

242.7watthours

172.8watthours

Propane Cost Reduction

6

3.33

0.0710

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Respective Gas Cost

Co

st i

n D

oll

ars

($)

Propane Only

Reduced PropaneCost

Brown's Gas Cost

Experimental Data and Graphical Analysis

Panel #1

Economical Analysis~

Panel #2

Potential of Subsequent ResearchPanel #5

In Experiment #1; only propane was used to boil a 500 mL quantity of water. 5 LPM of propane was used flowing at 3.75 PSI. The water was in a measuring cup made of Pyrex situated 1 inch away from the propane flame. The elevation was approximately 1000 feet above sea level, making the boiling point approximately 190 degrees (F). The propane flame was applied for 18 minutes until a stable temperature was reached.

In Experiment #2; on-demand, electrolytically produced, stoichiometrically proportioned hydrogen and oxygen gases were added to the propane. A quantity of 545.7 W h was consumed. 5 LPM of propane was used flowing at 3.75 PSI. The water was in a measuring cup made of Pyrex situated 1 inch away from the propane flame. The elevation was approximately 1000 feet above sea level, making the boiling point approximately 190 (F). The propane and Brown's Gas flame was applied for 10 minutes until a stable temperature was reached.

In experiment #3; on-demand, electrolytically produced, stoichiometrically proportioned hydrogen and oxygen gases were added to the propane. A reduced quantity of 241.8 W h was consumed. 5 LPM of propane was used flowing at 3.75 PSI. The water was in a measuring cup made of Pyrex situated 1 inch away from the propane flame. The elevation was approximately 1000 feet above sea level, making the boiling point approximately 190 (F). The propane and Brown's Gas flame was applied for 11 minutes until a stable temperature was reached.

In experiment #4; on-demand, electrolytically produced, stoichiometrically proportioned hydrogen and oxygen gases were added to the propane. A reduced quantity of 172.8 W h was consumed. 5 LPM of propane was used flowing at 3.75 PSI. The water was in a measuring cup made of Pyrex situated 1 inch away from the propane flame. The elevation was approximately 1000 feet above sea level, making the boiling point approximately 190 (F). The propane and Brown's Gas flame was applied for 12 minutes until a stable temperature was reached.

•A company uses 10,000 gallons of liquid propane per quarter.

•Using the simplified thermodynamics laws 10,000 gallons of liquid propane is equivalent to a quantity of gaseous propane as per (P1 * V1 = P2 * V2).

•If P1 = 110 psi ; Pressure of liquid propane

•Say V1 = 3.785 liters ; Liters per gallon

•Say P2 = 14.64 psi ; Pressure of 1 atm

•Hence V2 = 28.44 liters ; Gaseous Liters per gallon of liquid propane

•The company uses 10,000 gallons of liquid propane per quarter, which is equivalent to 284,392 liters of gaseous propane, which is also equivalent to 75,137 gallons of gaseous propane. This data is rather extraneous, but is a requirement to calculate dollar costs. Sales of propane fuel are done in compressed cylinders measured typically in gallons.

•If the experimental data is applied proportionally (Experiment #1 vs. Experiment #2) the company can reduce their propane requirements by 45%, while maintaining equivalent productivity.•Cost Analysis of the company using fuel enhancement

•If the experimental values obtained in panel #1 are applied to the companies quarterly fuel consumption, the company can reduce there propane requirements from 10,000 gallons of liquid propane to 5,500 gallons plus 1724.4 Kilowatt hours worth of electricity.

•Specifically considering a $2.00 average cost per gallon of liquid propane, and a 13 cent per kilowatt hour of electrical energy.

•10,000 gallons of liquid propane costs $20,000.

•5,500 gallons of liquid propane costs $10,100.

•1724.4 kilowatt hours of electricity costs $224.17.

•A $20,000 per quarter propane bill has been successfully reduced to $10,300.

The Experimental Apparatus, and applicability to real world appliances.

Panel #3

In the Image to the left the following components are pertinently.

•A T Junction

•Two check valves on both the propane feed and the hydrogen and oxygen feed.

•A analog pressure meter.

•A Volume flow meter.

•The experimental apparatus shown above is practical in configuration and can be applied to a variety of commercially available propane appliances. A T junction can simply be integrated in an appliances propane feed.

•The propane feed is reconnected to an input to the T junction through a check valve to prevent unnecessary backflow.

•The hydrogen and oxygen feed is connected to the other input to the T junction through a check valve to prevent unnecessary backflow.

•For most appliances the volume flow rate of the propane fuel will not have to be adjusted. The following appliances are capable of instant integration with fuel enhancement technology.

•Boilers (Hot Water Systems)

•Heating Systems

•Specialty torch applications that can benefit from an increase in energy output.

•For other propane appliances the propane flow rate will have to be adjusted in order to maintain an energy output within particular specification of the appliance manufacturer and/or within practical guidelines.

•Barbeques

•Stoves

•Ovens

•Carbon fuel powered internal combustion engines

•Electrical Generation Facilities (Power Plants)

•Traditional torch applications that require an unchanged energy output.

(Table #1)

The above table contains of 4 individual experiments. Experiment 1 is considered the control. The specifics to each experiment are elaborated below. Consider a 3 watt hour/liter production rate.

(Graph #2 to the Right)

This graph is an analysis of the data particular to experiment number 2. It utilizes a $2.00 pet

gallon cost of propane and a $.13 cent per kilowatt hour of electricity. The light blue bar represents the total dollar value of the propane

used in experiment #1. The purple bar represents the total dollar value of the propane

used in experiment #2. The white bar represents the total dollar value of the

electricity used in experiment #2. Note that the electricity is directly and solely used to

generate fuel enhancing hydrogen and oxygen gases .

(Graph #1 to the Left)

This graph consists the data particular to experiment number 1, 2, 3, and 4. The X axis is in time, and each increment is 1 minute. X

axis length is 18 minutes. The teal line terminated at 12 minutes. The Yellow line terminates at 11 minutes. And the Pink line terminated at 10 minutes. The Y axis is the temperature (F) of the water boiled in each experiment. Note that the temperate was recorded in one minute interval, and each

experiment finished once boiling temperature was reached.

•Unlimited Variance of Fuel/Air/H2/O2 mixtures•The experimental data in panel #1 consists of 3 variations of Fuel/Air/H2/O2 mixtures. An unlimited amount of variations can be performed and/or simulated to determine if a stoichiometric balance exists that achieves optimization.

•It may be the case that a stoichiometric balance is not the limit of potential enhancement, more research is required to determine if a limit even exists. It may be the case that additional hydrogen and oxygen can be added achieving an ever increase state of better combustion.

•Experimentation with predominant carbon based fuels•It is likely that all carbon based fuel will respond similarly, but the following have the greatest potential (Note that coal has special potential):

•Gasoline

•Diesel

•Propane

•Natural Gas

•Ethanol

•#2 Heating oil

•Coal •Coal in particular has some interesting potential. It is specifically the most used fuel to produce electricity, and is notably a great pollution producer.

•The potential for coal experimentation is two fold implicit. It has the potential to not only reduce the amount of coal needed to generate electrical requirements, but it can also significantly decrease pollution associate with the burning of coal.

•Coexisting pollution control technology can be used in addition to fuel enhancement to achieve increasingly clean exhaust gas. This is an implication that requires substantial subsequent experimentation to reveal the full potential. It may be the case that fuel enhancement can be achieved to such a degree that the concept of fuel enhancement may be embraced as a technology having substantial potential to address global warming.

Innovators and InvestigatorsPanel #6

•William Rhodes•William Rhodes was the first mainstream investigator of on-demand, electrolytically produced, stoichiometrically proportioned hydrogen and oxygen gases. He patented his electrolyzer as a pioneer, and it was one of the first and most practical common ducted electrolyzer ever conceived.

•Yule Brown•Yule Brown, a Bulgarian physicist whom investigated on-demand, electrolytically produced hydrogen and oxygen gases was the second pioneer investigator and innovator. His investigations revealed that under pressure, the hydrogen and oxygen gases within the common ducted electrolyzer will attain distinct properties that are not the same as pure hydrogen gas. The gas in particular does not posses the volume associated with diatomic hydrogen and oxygen Although this measurable property exists, the gas itself behaves, for all practical purposes, the same as an ordinary mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases.

•George Wiseman (Eagle Research)•A grassroots, substantially experience investigator that independently duplicated and improved the origional common ducted electrolyzer created by William Rhodes. His investigations have revealed to a great extent the potential of using on-demand, electrolytically produced, stoichiometrically proportioned hydrogen and oxygen in torch and fuel enhancement applications.

Concepts~

Panel #7•Supercharger Modeling: Feedback Style Efficiency Improving Technology

•Fuel enhancement systems are directly analogous to supercharger systems in that they consume energy parasitically. Superchargers are primarily designed to use the parasitic energy to increase the energy output of an IC engine by providing more air allowing for the addition of more fuel. Fuel enhancement systems are designed to consume parasitic energy to increase the combustion efficiency of the fuel being consumed in the IC engine. The main distinction is that fuel enhancement systems allow for an increase in gas mileage, whereas superchargers allow for more energy production.

•Oxy-Hydrogen•Oxy-Hydrogen is similar conceptually to Oxy-Acetylene. In the same fashion that tanked oxygen is used to increase the combustion efficiency of acetylene, electrolytically produced hydrogen and oxygen are created and the oxygen is used to oxidize and catalyze the hydrogen. This is an interesting conceptual frame because it assumes the simplest possible atomic happenings; the hydrogen and oxygen gases retain diatomic states and behave according to traditional chemical theory.

•For the majority of applications, infrastructure and appliance do not have to be changed.

•For applications that do not require fuel/air/H2/O2 adjustment, fuel enhancement systems are seamlessly integrated into existing fuel systems by means of a T junction and check valves.

•Note that this is only pertaining to appliances that do not have specific temperature specifications that fuel enhancement will not exceed.

The CDEG UsedPanel #8

•The ER 1200 Series Generator.

•This is the actual generator used in the experiment reported on in this presentation. The generator has an efficiency of 3 watt hours per liter, and produces gases under pressure.

•Why use a common ducted electrolyzer and not a traditional system with independent ducting?

•The inherency of a common ducted electrolyzer is that its product gases that must be consumer immediately as it exists the generator; no storage is intended. By utilizing the gases in such a fashion particular logistics are established, and given the production efficiency, the generator becomes an economically functional device when used as per the experimentation contained in this report. Torch applications are also economical.

Photography of Enhancement~

Panel #4

To the left is a picture of only propane ignited. To the right is a picture of hydrogen and oxygen

being used to enhance the propane on the left.

•The image on the left is a zoom of image #3 above. The image on the right is a zoom of image #4 above.

•On the left is a propane flame that is not being enhanced. On the right is the exact same propane flame now being enhanced with a moderate quantity of hydrogen and oxygen gases. The effect of a reasonable quantity of hydrogen and oxygen is clearly seen, a substantial increase in flame quality.

(Image #3 No Enhancement) (Image #4 Enhancement)

(Image #5 Zoom)

Acknowledgments, and Website References

Panel #9•Hofstra Engineering Department

•All faculty for their support and education.

•All faculty for their encouragement and interest.

•Special thanks to John Legault and Rich Donnan, their conversations were always enlightening and thoughtful.

•George Wiseman and Tenaj De Costa Wiseman•For their diligent work and lead role in the creation of the 1200 Series electrolytic generator, Eagle Research, and the Water Torch Collective, LTD.

•George Wiseman specifically for his many decades of involvement and dedicated pursuit of an ever evolving comprehension of on-demand, electrolytically produced, stoichiometrically proportioned hydrogen and oxygen technologies and applications.

•Tenaj De Costa Wiseman for her incredible clarity and wise approach to the most difficult of endeavors. Her guidance and influence has contributed substantially to the motivation required to accomplish this presentation.

•Website References• DOE Energy Costs - new - National Propane Gas

•Associationhttp://www.npga.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=914

•My Family; for without them nothing would be possible.

•Manufactured by Eagle Research•Manufacturers website: www.watertorch.com.

•Distributors website: www.waterfuelconverters.com

Experiment #2

Propane Volume

50 Liters

Hydrogen/Oxygen Volume

180 Liters

Propane Saved

40 Liters

Experiment #1

Propane Volume

90 Liters

Experiment #4

Propane Volume

60 Liters

Hydrogen/Oxygen Volume

57.6 Liters

Experiment #3

Propane Volume

55 Liters

Hydrogen/Oxygen Volume

80.6

•The National Propane Gas Association

•http://www.npga.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=1