asbestos awareness training instructor:david l. patterson director/radiation safety officer...
TRANSCRIPT
Asbestos Awareness Training
Instructor: David L. PattersonDirector/Radiation Safety OfficerEnvironmental Health & Safetyhttp://www.csupomona.edu/~ehsEmail: [email protected]: (909) 869-3695Fax: (909) 869-4698
Chrysotile Amosite
Anthophyllite
Introduction
• Instructor• Instructor Qualifications:
– Asbestos Hazard and Emergency Response Act (AHERA) Certified Contractor/Supervisor, Inspector, Management Planner, Project Designer
– NIOSH Asbestos Air Sampling Course (NIOSH 582), August 1986
– 20 years of experience with asbestos
Introduction
• Purpose of class– Provide general information regarding
asbestos to non-asbestos workers
– Address question any questions
• Overview of class
– History – Condition
– Types and uses – Management
– Health effects – Regulations
– Locations
History
• Asbestos - derived from Greek word meaning “inextinguishable”
• Early Uses– Spun into cloth similar to
cotton
– Wicks of lamps
– Pottery – Added to clay to give strength
History Continued
• Re-discovery– Fell out of use in early A.D.
– Rediscovered at the beginning of the industrial revolution
– Estimated in 1890 that 1,000,000 tons was used in the U.S. By 1978 6,000,000 tons were used
• Common Uses– Name some uses
– Note Asbestos Inventory in Training Booklet
Asbestos Types or Species
Minerologic Geographic Common RelativeType Class Distribution Name Characteristics Strengths Use Chrysotile Serpentine Quebec, Ontario, White Long, wavy fibers Weak Fabric, pipe95% of US Canada, Northeast Asbestos flexible runs,asbestos and Southwest US fireproofing,
(deposits found in floor tiles 30 of 50 States)
Amosite Amphibole South Africa Brown Straight, stout Moderate Elbows of(Cummingtonite Asbestos fibers, bonds pipes,-grunerite) well with fireproofing,3-5% of US plastics floor tilesasbestos Crocidolite Amphibole South Africa Blue Long. Straight Strongest of Sometimes1-2% of US Asbestos fibers, acid and the top three mixed withasbestos seawater resistant Chrysotile Fibrous Amphibole -- -- Industrial talc -- LittleTremolite contaminant common use Fibrous Amphibole -- -- Industrial talc -- LittleAnthophyllite contaminant common use Fibrous Amphibole -- -- -- -- --Actinolite
Chrysotile Asbestos
Minerologic class: Serpentine
US Consumption: 95% of asbestos used in the US
Common Name: White Asbestos (bulk amounts appear white)
Characteristics: Weak, Long, wavy fibers. Flexible Fibers
absorb water.
Uses: Textiles, pipe runs, fireproofing, brakes • Quebec and Ontario, Canada
• Much of the Northeast and Southeast, USA• Deposits have been found in 30 of 50 States• Serpentine is the California State Rock
Geographic Distribution:
Amosite Asbestos
(Cummingtonite-Grunerite)
Minerologic class: Amphibole
US Consumption: 3-5% of asbestos used in the US
Common Name: Brown Asbestos (bulk amounts appear brown)
Characteristics: Moderate strength straight, stout fibers
Uses: Pipe elbows, floor tiles
• South Africa primarily• Name is derived from Asbestos Mines Of South
Africa
Geographic Distribution:
Crocidolite
Minerologic class: Amphibole
US Consumption: 1-2% of asbestos used in the US
Common Name: Blue Asbestos
Characteristics: Strong acid and sea water resistant
Uses: Rarely found in US, butwhen it is, it is oftenseen mixed with Chrysotile as a strengthening agent
• South Africa primarily
Geographic Distribution:
Tremolite
Minerologic class: Amphibole
US Consumption: Rarely used in the US
Common Name: None
Characteristics: Industrial talc contaminant
Uses: Little common use
• N/A
Geographic Distribution:
Anthophyllite
Minerologic class: Amphibole
US Consumption: Rarely used in the US
Common Name: None
Characteristics: Industrial talc
contaminant
Uses: Little common use
• N/A
Geographic Distribution:
Actinolite
Minerologic class: Amphibole
US Consumption: Rarely used in the US
Common Name: None
Characteristics: N/A
Uses: N/A
• N/A
Geographic Distribution:
When Could You Potentially BeOccupationally Exposed To Asbestos?
Whenever Manufacturing, Cutting or Grinding Asbestos –Containing Materials
Whenever Disturbing Asbestos – Containing Insulation Materials
During Renovation or Demolition Operations
While Removing Asbestos – Containing Tile Flooring, Ceiling, or Insulation Materials
While Occupying Work Areas Near Asbestos-Related Operations
What Are Some Occupations In Which Asbestos May Be Encountered?
Asbestos Abatement Contractors
Plumbing Contractors
Air Conditioning Contractors
Acoustical Products Manufacturers
Brake Lining Manufacturers
Demolition Workers
Auto Mechanics
Some Properties of Asbestos That ResultIn Industrial and Home Use
Protection from Fire
Absorption of Heat from Friction
High Tensile Strength as a Reinforcing Material
Resistance to Corrosion
Insulation from Heat, Cold, and Noise
Health Effects of Asbestos
– Nose
– Mouth
– Trachea
– Bronchi: Carries oxygen to lungs
– Alveoli: where gas exchange occurs with the blood
– Pleura: liquid coated membrane that surrounds lungs and allows lungs to slip past the chest wall during breathing
• Vast majority of asbestos related disease is respiratory• Function of respiratory system & structures
Symptoms & Effects of Asbestos Exposure
Acute Exposure
• There Are No Immediate Symptoms or Effects
Healthy Lung Diseased Lung
Chronic Exposure
• Shortness of Breath• Dry Cough• Loss of Appetite• Weight Loss• Asbestosis (Lung Fibrosis)• Lung Cancer• Mesothelioma• Intestinal Tract Cancers• Non-respiratory Conditions (warts & intestinal tract cancers)
Asbestosis
• Characterized by fibrotic scarring of the lung.
• Reduces lung capacity-lungs cannot expand
• Latency-fifteen to thirty years
• Clear dose response relationship– Greater the exposure, the
greater the potential for injury
• All types of asbestos have been linked to asbestosis
Asbestosis Proposed Mechanism
• Some fibers are not filtered out in the upper airways
• Fibers reach the terminal air sacs (alveoli)
• Macrophages engulf and try to destroy the inert fiber
• A coating is deposited on the fiber (Fibroblast)
• Scar tissues forms around the fiber
• Scarring results in asbestosis
Lung Cancer
• Asbestos related tumors are usually found in the lower lobes
• Most cancer tumors found are glandular, which is rarely the case in non-asbestos related tumors.
• Latency Period-twenty plus years
• No clear dose response relationship & no safe level
1 5X
10X 50-90X
(general population)
Smoker
Non-smoker
Non-Asbestos Worker
AsbestosWorker
• Risk of getting lung cancer for a smoker is drastically increased– Set probability for general
population to 1– Non-smoking asbestos
workers have a probability of 5 and Smoking Non-Asbestos Workers have a probability of 10
– Smoking asbestos workers have a probability of 50-90
– This relationship is more than additive-It is synergistic
Lung Cancer & Smoking
Relationship of Smoking and Lung Function
The effect of cigarette smoking and age on lung function. After, age 25, lung function declines at a slow rate. Smoking accelerates this decline, leading to disability or death at an early age.
Asbestos Related Lung Cancer & Smoking Two Proposed Mechanisms
• Mechanism 1– Ciliated cells along the
airways are temporarily paralyzed by smoke
– Unwanted dust & fibers cannot be cleared
– This allows them to work down to the alveolar region or imbed into tissue.
Asbestos Related Lung Cancer & Smoking Two Proposed
Mechanisms• Mechanism 2
– Inhaled asbestos is trapped in fibrotic areas
– Clearance by ciliated cells is disrupted
– Tobacco smoke is cleared less efficiently leaving carcinogens in contact with tissue
• More than likely a combination of factors results in the synergistic response seen
Mesothelioma
• A cancer of the pleura• The abdominal cavity lining
can also be affected• Latency Period-twenty to
forty years• Can be caused by low
exposure (not dose related)• It spreads rapidly and is
always fatal
Non-Respiratory Conditions Caused By Asbestos
• Asbestos Warts– Fibers embed in tissue; usually the hands
– Gloves should be worn when handling asbestos
• Colon, esophageal, stomach cancer– May be asbestos related
– Fibers can work their way through soft tissue to adjacent structures and embed
– Fibers are swallowed and enter the digestive tract
– Poor hygiene, leaving food out in asbestos areas, carelessness-all can contribute to ingestion of asbestos
Locations of Asbestos
• The detailed list of asbestos materials is available on the EH&S Web Site at http://www.csupomona.edu/~ehs/ftp/Asbestos.xls and in your training booklet.– This list includes material that contains
asbestos as well as material that does not.
– Most of the asbestos has been removed from Buildings 3.
– The information for Buildings 3, 13 and 15 has been updated.
– Building 35 updates are in progress.
Condition of Asbestos
• Friable: Easily crumbled by hand pressure (e.g. sprayed fireproofing, acoustic insulation)
• Friable or damaged material can more easily release airborne fibers when disturbed
• Physical disturbance– Basketballs
– Broom handles
– Renovation/Demolition
– Pipe work
Condition of Asbestos Continued
• Deterioration or Delamination– Water leaks causing ceiling coating to pull away
– Steam Leaks
– Weather
• Recognizing damage– Water stains
– Visibly disturbed lagging
– Suspicious debris
– Other suggestions
Campus Management
• EH&S provides program coordination• Facilities Management has trained staff
for small scale jobs• Large scale jobs:
– Are done by approved registered contractors, while a separate contractor monitors work and takes air samples
• Asbestos incidents or emergencies– Take precautions to avoid or reduce
exposure– Close doors to area or tape it off– Contact EH&S at Ext 4697 and Facilities
Customer Service at Ext 3030
Campus Management Continued
• Discovery of new materials that may contain asbestos– Arrange for sampling prior to
disturbing
• Dos and Don’ts– Avoid touching/disturbing asbestos
materials– Do not drill holes or hang objects from
walls/ceilings containing asbestos.– If you believe asbestos has been
damaged contact Facilities Customer Service at extension 3030
– Only persons authorized & trained are to perform work involving asbestos
Regulation of Asbestos Exposure•Code of Federal Regulations
–Title 29, Section 1910.1001 & 1926.1101 – Employee Safety
–Title 40, Section 61 – Air Emissions
–Title 40, Section 763 Subparts E, F & G – Training & Schools
•California Health & Safety Code
–Section 25915 – Annual Employee Notification
•California Code of Regulations, Title 8
–Sections 349, 1549 & 5208 – Employee Safety
•South Coast Air Quality Management District
–Rule 1403 – Air Emissions and Employee Safety
Regulation of Asbestos Exposure Continued
•Exposure Levels
–Action Level & Permissible Exposure Limit: 0.1 f/cc
–Excursion Limit: 1.0 f/cc for 30 minutes
–Clearance Level for Schools: 0.01 f/cc by TEM
–Clearance Level for Cal Poly Pomona: 0.01 f/cc by PCM
–Calif. No Significant Risk: 100 f/day (25705(b) Title 27 CCR