Asbestos NESHAPInspection and SafetyProcedures Workshop

Section 11Respiratory Protection

October 2008

22

OSHA’sOSHA’sRespiratory Protection StandardRespiratory Protection Standard

29 CFR 1910.13429 CFR 1910.134

33

Organization of Standard Organization of Standard 29 CFR 1910.13429 CFR 1910.134

(a)(a) Permissible practicePermissible practice

(b)(b) DefinitionsDefinitions

(c)(c) Respirator programRespirator program

(d)(d) Selection of respiratorsSelection of respirators

(e)(e) Medical evaluationMedical evaluation

(f) (f) Fit testingFit testing

(g)(g) Use of respiratorsUse of respirators

(h)(h) Maintenance and careMaintenance and care

(i)(i) Breathing air quality and Breathing air quality and useuse

(j)(j) Identification of filters, Identification of filters, cartridges, and canisterscartridges, and canisters

(k)(k) Training and informationTraining and information

(l)(l) Program evaluationProgram evaluation

(m)(m)RecordkeepingRecordkeeping

(n)(n) Dates Dates

(o)(o) Appendices (mandatory)Appendices (mandatory)

A: Fit Testing ProceduresA: Fit Testing Procedures

B-1: User Seal ChecksB-1: User Seal Checks

B-2: Cleaning ProceduresB-2: Cleaning Procedures

C: Medical QuestionnaireC: Medical Questionnaire

D: Information for D: Information for Employees Wearing Employees Wearing Respirators When Not Respirators When Not Required Under the Required Under the StandardStandard

44

Scope - Scope - 29 CFR 1910.13429 CFR 1910.134

General Industry 29 CFR 1910.1001General Industry 29 CFR 1910.1001 Shipyards 29 CFR 1915.1001Shipyards 29 CFR 1915.1001 Construction 29 CFR 1926.1101Construction 29 CFR 1926.1101

• The asbestos standards also have The asbestos standards also have sections within them that address sections within them that address respirator userespirator use

This standard applies to the OSHA asbestos standards:

55

Asbestos StandardsAsbestos Standards General Industry StandardGeneral Industry Standard

• Respiratory Protection - Section (g)Respiratory Protection - Section (g)• Protective Clothing - Section (h)Protective Clothing - Section (h)

Appendices: Fit Testing (C), Medical Questionnaire (D), Appendices: Fit Testing (C), Medical Questionnaire (D), Medical Surveillance (H)Medical Surveillance (H)

Construction Standard Construction Standard • Respiratory Protection - Section (h)Respiratory Protection - Section (h)• Protective Clothing - Section (i)Protective Clothing - Section (i)• Medical Surveillance - Section (m)Medical Surveillance - Section (m)

Appendices: Fit Testing (Appendices: Fit Testing (refer to 1910.134refer to 1910.134), Medical ), Medical Questionnaire (D)Questionnaire (D)

66

OSHA IssuesOSHA IssuesConstruction 29 CFR 1926.1101(g)Construction 29 CFR 1926.1101(g)

OSHA Classes of WorkOSHA Classes of Work• Class IClass I

Removal of surfacing material, TSI or PACMRemoval of surfacing material, TSI or PACM• Class IIClass II

Non “high risk” removal (flooring, siding, mastics)Non “high risk” removal (flooring, siding, mastics)• Class IIIClass III

Asbestos InspectionAsbestos Inspection Maintenance & Repair Maintenance & Repair Removal is not the purpose (removal to allow maintenance and Removal is not the purpose (removal to allow maintenance and

repair)repair) 1 glovebag, mini-enclosures (2 workers max.), 1waste bag 1 glovebag, mini-enclosures (2 workers max.), 1waste bag

(60”x60”) max(60”x60”) max• Class IVClass IV

Maintenance & custodial cleaning activities, incidental contact or Maintenance & custodial cleaning activities, incidental contact or incidental to constructionincidental to construction

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Types of RespiratorsTypes of Respirators

.

88

Tight -Fitting CoveringsTight -Fitting Coverings

Half Mask Full Facepiece

99

Loose-Fitting CoveringsLoose-Fitting Coverings

Hood Helmet

Loose-FittingFacepiece

1010

Respirator SelectionRespirator Selection

Employer must select and provide an appropriate respirator based on the respiratory hazards to which the worker is exposed and workplace and user factors that affect respirator performance and reliability

Selection must take into consideration the nature of the contaminant AND its concentration in the work place

1111

Employee ExposureEmployee Exposure

Exposure to a concentration of an airborne contaminant that would occur if the employee were not using respiratory protection.

For asbestos, this is measured with personal air monitoring.

Samples are analyzed by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and results are in fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc or f/cm3)

1212

Filtering FacepieceFiltering Facepiece(Dust Mask)(Dust Mask)

A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium.

NOT ALLOWED FOR ASBESTOS PROTECTION

1313

Negative Pressure RespiratorNegative Pressure Respirator

A respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is lower during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.

☺In other words; you supply the “horsepower”

1414

Air-Purifying Respirator (APR)Air-Purifying Respirator (APR)

A respirator with an air-A respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes or canister that removes specific air contaminants specific air contaminants by passing ambient air by passing ambient air through the air-purifying through the air-purifying element.element.

1515

Half Face (Mask), Negative Pressure, Half Face (Mask), Negative Pressure, Air Purifying RespiratorsAir Purifying Respirators

1616

Full Face (Mask), Negative Pressure, Full Face (Mask), Negative Pressure, Air Purifying RespiratorsAir Purifying Respirators

1717

Positive Pressure RespiratorPositive Pressure Respirator

A respirator that uses a powered source such as a blower unit or compressor that blows filtered air into the face piece

A gap in the face/mask fit will release air and prevent contaminants from entering

This is a tremendous advantage compared to a negative pressure respirator

1818

Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)

It is an OSHA requirement that ALL Class I jobs begin in PAPRs

Filters for these are rated as “High Efficiency” or “Type H” not P-100

For your notes! A PAPR must be provided to workers upon request

1919

Air (Atmosphere) Supplying RespiratorAir (Atmosphere) Supplying Respirator

A respirator that supplies the user with A respirator that supplies the user with breathing air from a source outside of breathing air from a source outside of the asbestos work areathe asbestos work area

Includes supplied-air respirators (SARs) Includes supplied-air respirators (SARs) and self-contained breathing apparatus and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units(SCBA) units

2020

Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)Referred to as “Type C”Referred to as “Type C”

An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user. Also called airline respirator.

2121

Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)Type “C”Type “C”

Pressure Demand

With Reserve Air

Type C

Hood Style

Continuous Flow Pressure Demand

2222

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)(SCBA)

An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user.

2323

Canister or CartridgeCanister or Cartridge

A component with a filter, A component with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or sorbent, or catalyst, or

combination of these items combination of these items which removes specific which removes specific

contaminants from the air contaminants from the air passed through the container. passed through the container.

Also called Also called air purifyingair purifying element.element.

2424

Classes of filters for Classes of filters for Non-PoweredNon-Powered, Air-, Air-Purifying, Particulate-Filter RespiratorsPurifying, Particulate-Filter Respirators

Nine classes: three levels of filter efficiency, each Nine classes: three levels of filter efficiency, each with three categories of resistance to filter efficiency with three categories of resistance to filter efficiency degradation in the presence of oil aerosolsdegradation in the presence of oil aerosols

N R P100 100 100 99 99 99 95 95 95

N - Not resistant to oil

R - Resistant to oil

P - Oil Proof

Dust Mask

Used for Asbestos

2525

Selection and UseSelection and Use

For ASBESTOS the For ASBESTOS the P-100P-100 is used for negative is used for negative pressure respirators (half/full face). pressure respirators (half/full face).

““High Efficiency” or High Efficiency” or Type HType H is used for is used for positive pressure respirators such as a PAPR positive pressure respirators such as a PAPR

Type H and P-100 are functionally the sameType H and P-100 are functionally the same Both are color coded Both are color coded MAGENTAMAGENTA (colors vary (colors vary

from reddish to purple)from reddish to purple)

2626

High Efficiency FiltersHigh Efficiency Filters

•Filter that is at least 99.97% efficient in removing particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter.

•NIOSH Terminology: N100, R100, and P100 filters.

•OSHA Terminology: “HEPA”

2727

Identification of Filters,Identification of Filters,Cartridges, and CanistersCartridges, and Canisters

All filters, cartridges and canisters used in the workplace must be labeled and color coded with the NIOSHapproval label

Marked with “NIOSH”, manufacturer’s name and part number, and an abbreviation to indicate cartridge or filter type (e.g., N95, P100, etc.)

AmmoniaOrganic Vapor

Organic Vapor, Chlorine, Hydrogen Chloride, Sulfur

Dioxide, Hydrogen Fluoride, Chlorine Dioxide

Combination

P-100 & OV

2828

End-of-Service-Life Indicator (ESLI)End-of-Service-Life Indicator (ESLI)

A system that warns the user of the approach of the end of adequate respiratory protection; e.g., the sorbent is approaching saturation or is no longer effective.

-P100 respirator cartridges do not have a specific “end of P100 respirator cartridges do not have a specific “end of life” as do some chemical cartridges…life” as do some chemical cartridges…-If you have even a slightly hard time breathing through If you have even a slightly hard time breathing through them…replace them.them…replace them.- All respirator cartridges must be kept dry. If they get - All respirator cartridges must be kept dry. If they get wet, they’re ruined…replace them!wet, they’re ruined…replace them!

2929

OSHA Class I OSHA Class I

In the absence of negative exposure In the absence of negative exposure assessment (NEA, air sample data) or assessment (NEA, air sample data) or work area fiber concentrations ≤1.0 f/ccwork area fiber concentrations ≤1.0 f/cc• MUST wear MUST wear PAPRPAPR (or better) (or better)

In work areas >1.0 f/ccIn work areas >1.0 f/cc• Must wear Type C with SCBA back up Must wear Type C with SCBA back up

or SCBAor SCBA

3030

OSHA Class II & IIIOSHA Class II & III Asbestos inspection is OSHA Class III workAsbestos inspection is OSHA Class III work Regardless of personal air sample results…Regardless of personal air sample results… You are REQUIRED to wear a 1/2 face respirator when You are REQUIRED to wear a 1/2 face respirator when

sampling sampling TSITSI and and surfacing materialsurfacing material• Exposure monitoring could require a higher level of Exposure monitoring could require a higher level of

protectionprotection For other Class II & III work a NEA or 1/2 face For other Class II & III work a NEA or 1/2 face

respiratorrespirator EPA policy says full-face APREPA policy says full-face APR See Federal Register, Vol. 71. No 64 (8-24-06), p. See Federal Register, Vol. 71. No 64 (8-24-06), p.

50191-2, (h)(iii)50191-2, (h)(iii)

3131

Oxygen-Deficient AtmosphereOxygen-Deficient Atmosphere

An atmosphere with an oxygen An atmosphere with an oxygen content below content below 19.5%19.5% by volume by volume

All oxygen-deficient atmospheres are All oxygen-deficient atmospheres are considered immediately dangerous to considered immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)life and health (IDLH)

Also, if the atmosphere has unknown Also, if the atmosphere has unknown hazards, it is are considered IDLHhazards, it is are considered IDLH

3232

Fit TestingFit TestingBefore an employee uses any respirator with a negative or positive pressure tight-fitting facepiece, the employee must be fit tested with the same make, model, style, and size of respirator that will be used.

3333

Fit TestingFit Testing

Employees using tight-fitting facepiece Employees using tight-fitting facepiece respirators must pass an appropriate respirators must pass an appropriate qualitative fit test (QLFT) or quantitative fit qualitative fit test (QLFT) or quantitative fit test (QNFT):test (QNFT):• prior to initial use,prior to initial use,• whenever a different respirator facepiece whenever a different respirator facepiece

(size, style, model or make) is used, and(size, style, model or make) is used, and• at least at least annuallyannually thereafter thereafter

3434

Additional fit testing shall Additional fit testing shall be conducted whenever be conducted whenever change in an employee’s change in an employee’s physical condition could physical condition could affect respirator fit:affect respirator fit:• facial scarring facial scarring • dental changesdental changes• cosmetic surgery cosmetic surgery • noticeable change in body noticeable change in body

weightweight

Fit TestingFit Testing

3535

Respirator UseRespirator Use

Respirators with tight-fitting facepieces must not be Respirators with tight-fitting facepieces must not be worn by employees who have facial hair or any worn by employees who have facial hair or any condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or valve functionor valve function

Corrective glasses or goggles or other PPE must be Corrective glasses or goggles or other PPE must be worn in a manner that does not interfere with the face-worn in a manner that does not interfere with the face-to-facepiece seal to-facepiece seal

OSHA OSHA permitspermits contact lenses to be worn inside of contact lenses to be worn inside of full face respirator masks.full face respirator masks.

Employees wearing tight-fitting respirators must Employees wearing tight-fitting respirators must perform a user seal check each time they put on the perform a user seal check each time they put on the respirator respirator

3636

User Seal CheckUser Seal Check“Fit Check”“Fit Check”

An action conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the face.

Positive Pressure Check Negative Pressure Check

THIS MUST BE PERFORMED EACH TIME

THE RESPIRATOR IS PUT ON!

3737

Fit TestingFit Testing

The fit test must be administered The fit test must be administered using an OSHA-accepted QLFT or using an OSHA-accepted QLFT or QNFT protocol contained in Appendix QNFT protocol contained in Appendix A of 1910.134A of 1910.134• Before respirator use and annually Before respirator use and annually

thereafterthereafter

3838

Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT)Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT)

A pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of respirator A pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the individual’s response to the test fit that relies on the individual’s response to the test agent.agent.

QLFT Protocols:QLFT Protocols:-Irritant smoke (cough)Irritant smoke (cough)-Bitrex (taste)Bitrex (taste)-Isoamyl acetate (taste)Isoamyl acetate (taste)-Banana oil (taste)Banana oil (taste)-Saccharin (taste)-Saccharin (taste)

3939

Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT)Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT)

Bitrex

Irritant Smoke

Banana Oil Ampules

Bitrex Test Kit Irritant Smoke Kits – Powered & Manual

4040

Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT)Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT)An assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.

4141

Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT)Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT)

TSI PortacountTM

OHD FitTester 3000TM

Probed respirators & probe kits

4242

QNFT Fit FactorQNFT Fit Factor

A numerical estimate of the fit of a particular respirator on a specific individual; typically estimates the ratio:

Concentration of a substance in ambient air

Concentration inside the respirator when worn

If the fit factor is determined to be equal to or greater than If the fit factor is determined to be equal to or greater than 100 for tight-100 for tight-fitting half facepiecesfitting half facepieces or equal to or greater than or equal to or greater than 500 for tight-fitting full 500 for tight-fitting full facepiecesfacepieces, the quantitative fit test has been passed with that respirator, the quantitative fit test has been passed with that respirator

4343

How much asbestos inside the mask?How much asbestos inside the mask?

OSHA allows up to the PEL inside the OSHA allows up to the PEL inside the maskmask• OSHA asbestos PEL 0.1 f/cc (8 hr TWA)OSHA asbestos PEL 0.1 f/cc (8 hr TWA)

The EPA’s policy is a lower numberThe EPA’s policy is a lower number• 0.01 f/cc0.01 f/cc, EPA PCM Final Clearance Value , EPA PCM Final Clearance Value • This is a generally accepted industry practiceThis is a generally accepted industry practice• Has been in EPA asbestos model course Has been in EPA asbestos model course

materials for many yearsmaterials for many years

4444

PROTECTION FACTORS (PF)PROTECTION FACTORS (PF)

I

O

C

CPF

“MUC” = PF x Concentration Inside

(Maximum Use Concentration)

Concentration = f/ccThis number comes from personal air sample data!

Conc.outside

PF Conc.Inside

÷ ÷

X

CO = Concentration Outside Mask (f/cc)CI = Concentration Inside Mask (f/cc)

PF

CC OI For determining

concentration inside the facepiece

4545

Protection Factors (PF)Protection Factors (PF)29 CFR 1910.13429 CFR 1910.134

Respirator Type PF MUL2

Half face APR 10 0.1 f/cc

Full face APR 50 0.5 f/cc

PAPR1 (tight fitting and hood) 1000 10.0 f/cc

Supplied Air (Type C, PD) 1000 10.0 f/cc

1 Hoods can only claim 1000 if supported by manufacturer’s data.

2 Using recommendation of 0.01 f/cc inside mask: MUL = (0.01 f/cc)(PF)

4646

Respirator ProgramRespirator Program Must develop a Must develop a written programwritten program with with worksite-specific worksite-specific

proceduresprocedures when respirators are necessary or required by when respirators are necessary or required by the employerthe employer

Must update program as necessary to reflect changes in Must update program as necessary to reflect changes in workplace conditions that affect respirator useworkplace conditions that affect respirator use

Must designate a Must designate a program administratorprogram administrator who is qualified by who is qualified by appropriate training or experience to administer or oversee appropriate training or experience to administer or oversee the program and conduct the required program evaluationsthe program and conduct the required program evaluations

Must provide respirators, training, and medical evaluations at Must provide respirators, training, and medical evaluations at no cost to the employeeno cost to the employee

4747

Respirator Program ElementsRespirator Program Elements

1. Selection1. Selection

2. Medical evaluation2. Medical evaluation

3. Fit testing3. Fit testing

4. Use4. Use

5. Maintenance and care5. Maintenance and care

6. Breathing air quality and use6. Breathing air quality and use

7. Training7. Training

8. Program evaluation8. Program evaluation

4848

Medical EvaluationMedical EvaluationProceduresProcedures

Must provide a medical evaluation to determine employee’s Must provide a medical evaluation to determine employee’s

ability to use a respirator, ability to use a respirator, before fit testing and usebefore fit testing and use Medical evaluation procedures for all OSHA regulated Medical evaluation procedures for all OSHA regulated

asbestos activities will follow the procedures outlined in 29 asbestos activities will follow the procedures outlined in 29

CFR 1926.1101 (m) “Medical Surveillance”…at leastCFR 1926.1101 (m) “Medical Surveillance”…at least

• Medical questionnaireMedical questionnaire (29 CFR 1926.1101, Appendix D)(29 CFR 1926.1101, Appendix D)

• Pulmonary function testPulmonary function test

• Physical ExamPhysical Exam

• May also perform X-ray or other proceduresMay also perform X-ray or other procedures

All records from medical evaluation are kept employment All records from medical evaluation are kept employment

plusplus 30 years 30 years

4949

Respirator CareRespirator Careand Storageand Storage

Provide each user with a respirator that isProvide each user with a respirator that isclean, sanitary and in good working orderclean, sanitary and in good working order

Use procedures in Appendix B-2 orUse procedures in Appendix B-2 orequivalent manufacturer’s recommendationsequivalent manufacturer’s recommendations

Store in a sealed bag to ensure cleanlinessStore in a sealed bag to ensure cleanliness Store in a manner to ensure the integrity of the Store in a manner to ensure the integrity of the

facepiece. (no heavy objects on top, don’t leave in a hot facepiece. (no heavy objects on top, don’t leave in a hot car)car)

5050

SUMMARYSUMMARY

Anticipate HazardsAnticipate Hazards Determine Appropriate ProtectionDetermine Appropriate Protection Use the right respirator with the right Use the right respirator with the right

cartridgecartridge Maintain the respiratorMaintain the respirator Have a written respiratory protection Have a written respiratory protection

programprogram Sample smart – use good techniquesSample smart – use good techniques