asgmnt ii intro+conclusion
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION
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Pre-Merdeka Challenges
1948 to 1960
Malayan Emergency
Wars between Commonwealth armed forces,
Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), and
the Malayan Communist Party
After World War II(after 1945)
British proposed Malayan Union
Opposed by UMNO (leaded by Datuk Onn Jaafar)
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Pre-Merdeka Challenges
1954
Tunku Abdul Rahman chief a delegation Malaya
representative to London to claim independence
for Malaya
Rejected by the British Government
Tunku Abdul Rahman formed the Alliance Party
Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) Malayan Indian Congress (MIC)
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Pre-Merdeka Challenges
1955
The first federal general election was held
The Alliance Party (Parti Perikatan) won 51/52
seats
Tunku Abdul Rahman was selected as Malaya's
first Chief Minister
Tunku Abdul Rahman, Tun Tan Cheng Lock andTun V. T. Sambanthan made a trip to London to
negotiate Malayan independence
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DISCUSSION
Malayan Union (1stApril 1946)
Introduced by British
Give citizenship to all residents
Received great oppositions from the Malays
and the Council of Rulers.Formation of UMNO
United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) or
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (PEKEMBAR)
Announced on 11 May 1946 by Dato Onn Jaafar at the 3rd
Pan-Malayan Malay Congress.
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Purpose:
To path the way for Malayas independence and
sovereignty. To develop and preserve the rights of the Malays
and Malayans.
To safeguard and defend the religion andtraditions of the Malays as well as the position ofthe sovereignty of the Malay rulers
The opposed succeeded in altering the Malayan
Union to the Federal Agreement. Struggle of the Malays succeeded in forming the
Federation of Malaya.
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Federation of Malaya (31/01/1948 16/9/1963)
Led by a British High Commissioner Position of the Council of Rulers was given a better status
including acting out the duty of advising the High
Commissioner
Menteri Besar is replacing the position of Resident Prerequisites for citizenship was tightened through
enforced laws and neutralized through application.
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General election
The first Federal Election was held on 27 July
1955
UMNO, MCA, MIC, Nation Party, PAS and
Labour Party took part for the 52 chairs
contested
Alliance Party winning 51 chairs from the 52
chairs contested
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Tunku Abdul Rahman formed the first Cabinet
that was represented by 6 Malay, 3 Chinese
and 2 Indian representatives. (1st August1955)
Appointed as the Chief Minister and Minister
of Home Affairs. Solving the issue of communist rebellion for
freedom.
The Baling Conference
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Negotiate independence for the Federation ofMalaya (18 January to 6 February 1956)
Promise of Independence (8 February1956) The Independence Day for the Federation of
Malaya (31 August 1957 )
Declaration of Independence at PadangPahlawan, Bandar Hilir, Malacca (20 February1956)
Reid Policy Commissioner
Formed on 21 March 1956 To examine and draft laws for the Federation of
Malaya
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CONCLUSION
Lot of challenges faced by the leaders in achieving
MERDEKA.
Tunku Abdul Rahman is one of the leaders.
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The British introduced Malayan Union that offers
EQUAL rights in terms of citizenship issues to all
residents without considering race and loyalty to thecountry.
The citizen of Tanah Melayu must cooperate
between each other even there are of different racesand religions.
Thus, UMNO or PEKEMBAR (Malay representative,
by Dato Onn Jaafar), MCA (Chinese, Tan Cheng
Lock) and MIC (Indians, John A. Thivy) wereintroduced.
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The first Federal Election (27 July 1955), Alliance
Party won 51 from the 52 chairs contested.
Before MERDEKA
Baling Conference (28-29/12/1956)
London trip (18/1-6/2/1956)
Declaration of Independence (20/2/1956)
Dawn of Union Jack+Rise of Federation of Malaya
(midnight of 30/8/1957)