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GNSS:GNSS:Benefits, RisksBenefits, Risks and Misconceptionsand Misconceptions

Vidal AshkenaziVidal Ashkenazi

CEO, Nottingham Scientific LtdCEO, Nottingham Scientific Ltd

International Symposium on GNSS/GPS International Symposium on GNSS/GPS

Hong Kong, China Hong Kong, China 88--10 December 200510 December 2005

COMPASSCOMPASS

Great Inventions in Ancient China Great Inventions in Ancient China

Magnetic Compass Paper

Gunpowder Block Printing

GNSS:GNSS:Benefits, RisksBenefits, Risks and Misconceptionsand Misconceptions

Contents of PresentationContents of Presentation

Current and Developing GNSS SceneCurrent and Developing GNSS Scene

Mass Market Applications Mass Market Applications Raised Expectations Raised Expectations

Critical Applications and New GPS TechnologiesCritical Applications and New GPS Technologies

Technology Failures and Resulting MisconceptionsTechnology Failures and Resulting Misconceptions

Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Current Status of GPSCurrent Status of GPS

29 Operational Satellites29 Operational SatellitesBLOCK II, IIA, IIR and IIRBLOCK II, IIA, IIR and IIR--MM

Modernisation began with Modernisation began with launch of first Block IIRlaunch of first Block IIR--M on 25 M on 25 September 2005September 2005

GPS ModernisationGPS Modernisation

BLOCK IIIAIncreased anti-jam powerIncreased securityIncreased accuracyAssured availabilityControlled integritySystem survivability4th civil signal (L1C)

BLOCK IIR-M / BLOCK IIF2nd civil signal (L2C)M-Code (L1M & L2M)3rd civil signal (L5)Anti-jamming

BLOCK IIA / BLOCK IIRStd Service

Single frequency (L1)C/A code navigation

Precise ServiceY-Code (L1Y & L2Y)Y-Code navigation

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Final Design for GPS IIIFinal Design for GPS III

v

GLONASS GLONASS MoModdernisationernisation

Life-time 3 years Life-time 7 years2nd civil signal

Life-time 10 years3rd civil signal

GLONASSGLONASS19821982 -- 20072007

GLONASSGLONASS--MM20032003 -- 20120155

GLONASSGLONASS--KK2002008 8 -- 20220255

GLONASSGLONASS--KMKM20152015 -- ....

GLONASS controlled by ROSCOSMOS (Interagency)

GPS GovernanceGPS Governance

National SpaceNational Space--Based Positioning, Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Executive Navigation, and Timing Executive CtteeCttee

Chaired by Deputy Secretaries Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportationof Defense and Transportation

Membership includes: Membership includes: Officials from Departments of State, Officials from Departments of State,

Commerce, and Homeland Security, Commerce, and Homeland Security,

Joint Chiefs of Staff, and NASA. Joint Chiefs of Staff, and NASA.

Exec Office of President (observer status) Exec Office of President (observer status)

Galileo StatusGalileo Status

Development and Validation PhaseDevelopment and Validation PhaseDevelopment of Satellites andDevelopment of Satellites andGround ComponentGround Component

InIn--Orbit ValidationOrbit Validation

Deployment PhaseDeployment PhaseConstruction and Launch of Satellites Construction and Launch of Satellites

Completion of the Ground Segment Completion of the Ground Segment

Exploitation PhaseExploitation PhaseCommercial Exploitation of System Commercial Exploitation of System

Galileo ServicesGalileo Services

Open AccessOpen Access

CommercialCommercial

Safety of LifeSafety of Life

Search & RescueSearch & Rescue

Public RegulatedPublic Regulated

Galileo: Private Public PartnershipGalileo: Private Public Partnership

System Operator:Concessionaire

SupervisoryAuthority

EuropeanCommission

EuropeanSpace Agency

GALILEOJoint Undertaking

Third Countries

SelectionRespect of

Concession Terms

Public side Private side

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Space Based Augmentation SystemsSpace Based Augmentation Systems SBAS Around the WorldSBAS Around the World

SA/WAAS

WAASEGNOS

GAGAN

MSASChina

Geodetic GPSGeodetic GPS Satellite MaskingSatellite Masking

GPS + GLONASS + GalileoGPS + GLONASS + Galileo Road VehiclesRoad Vehicles

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Mobile PhonesMobile Phones

The operator points a GPS and Compass device at a building and the

position/direction is sent to a server

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The Server determines the object of interest and sends attribute data back to the

operator

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LBS using GPS + compassLBS using GPS + compass

LBS LBS -- Server ProcessServer Process

BUILDING = YES!!!

LOCATION = N50.4356, W1.3876

CLIENT DATA RECEIVED: LOCATION = N50.4356, W1.3876, BEARING=SSW156

SS

W156

ROAD = NO

MANMADE SURFACE = NO

MULTIPLE SURFACE(GARDEN) = NO

Location Based SecurityLocation Based Security

Access Allowed

Access Denied

Location Aware MarketingLocation Aware Marketing

Times Square, Hong Kong

Road User Charging (RUC)Road User Charging (RUC)

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Same Tax and Insurance ?Same Tax and Insurance ?High Sensitivity GPS (HSHigh Sensitivity GPS (HS--GPS)GPS)

High Sensitivity GPS (HSHigh Sensitivity GPS (HS--GPS)GPS)

+4 kHz

Dopplershift

Range

Cold Start

-4 kHz

0 km 300 km

50 Hz

500 HzWarm Start

A-GPS

Tracking Goods and MerchandiseTracking Goods and Merchandise

Assisted GPSAssisted GPSOther TechnologiesOther Technologies

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Bad Press IBad Press I

Daily Mirror Daily Mirror

10 August 200510 August 2005

££3 MILLION PAEDOPHILE SPY FARCE3 MILLION PAEDOPHILE SPY FARCESex offender tracker system doesn't work near tall buildings, Sex offender tracker system doesn't work near tall buildings, trees or when it's trees or when it's cloudycloudy. A SPY. A SPY--inin--thethe--sky system to track sex sky system to track sex offenders is a disastrous failure, leaked documents reveal offenders is a disastrous failure, leaked documents reveal today.today.

Bad Press IIBad Press II

The Daily Telegraph The Daily Telegraph 11 August 200511 August 2005

Satellite Tracking of Sex Offenders is Blocked by CloudsSatellite Tracking of Sex Offenders is Blocked by CloudsLabour Party's muchLabour Party's much--vaunted "prison without bars" system of vaunted "prison without bars" system of electronic tags for sex offenders has suffered severe technical electronic tags for sex offenders has suffered severe technical problems, it emerged yesterdayproblems, it emerged yesterday ..

"We have not sought to publicise the pilot scheme. . . due to th"We have not sought to publicise the pilot scheme. . . due to the e risks of negative media coverage of the poor results."risks of negative media coverage of the poor results."

EDM TechnologyEDM Technology GartnerGartner s Hype Cycle Curves Hype Cycle Curve

Economic Nirvana or Utopia ?Economic Nirvana or Utopia ?

Thank youThank you